Biomedical subjects

T Aono

Publications and source records attributed to T Aono.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Effects of body weight on responses of serum prolactin to metoclopramide and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in secondary amenorrhoeic women.

The present study was designed to investigate the influence of body weight on the prolactin responsiveness to metoclopramide and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in secondary amenorrhoeic women. The responses of serum prolactin to metoclopramide and TRH were assessed in relation to body mass index (BMI). Doses of 10 mg of metoclopramide hydrochloride and 500 micrograms of TRH were administered i.v. to 42 secondary amenorrhoeic women and six women with primary ovarian failure. The increment of serum prolactin at 30 min after the administration of metoclopramide was significantly lower (P < 0.01, respectively) in amenorrhoeic women with a BMI of > or = 30 or < 19 than in amenorrhoeic women with a BMI of 19-24. A significant correlation ration (eta = 0.63; P < 0.01) was found between the BMI and the increment of serum prolactin at 30 min after metoclopramide administration in amenorrhoeic women. The increment of serum prolactin at 15 min after TRH administration was slightly lower in amenorrhoeic women with a BMI of > or = 30 or < 19 than in amenorrhoeic women with a BMI of 19-24, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results indicate that the body weight influences the responsiveness of serum prolactin to metoclopramide in secondary amenorrhoeic women.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A quantitative approach to the loss of heterozygosity in p53 allele on detection of human cervical cancer using a BioImaging Analyzer.

The presence of HPV16 and HPV18 is believed to be responsible for the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer. As not all HPV-infected patients proceed consistently to carcinoma of the uterine cervix, it is important to clarify at the genetic level the mechanism of the disease progression following HPV infection. We recently investigated the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in p53 gene, using the quantitative Southern hybridization-incorporated Imaging Plate method with a p53 cDNA probe. According to the detection of heterozygote in p53 allele, 11 (61.1%) out of 18 patients with cervical cancer, and 4 out of 11 heterozygotes cases (36.4%) exhibited a loss of heterozygosity in p53 allele. It could be suggested that the occurrence of LOH is produced through chromosomal alteration in the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Clinical significance and treatment of massive intervillous fibrin deposition associated with recurrent fetal growth retardation.

Retrospective examinations of 8,139 placentae were performed to clarify the relationship between placental disorders with massive intervillous fibrin deposition (MIFD) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Although the incidence of MIFD was low (0.4%), the small-for-date (SFD) birth rate in the MIFD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (62.9 vs. 8.3%; p < 0.001). Seventeen of 35 patients in the MIFD group had no clinical complications. MIFD itself was thought to be the main cause of IUGR in these patients. 78.4% of multiparae in the MIFD group have unsuccessful obstetrical histories such as intrauterine fetal death and fetal growth retardation. Four of 6 patients with a history of MIFD and SFD delivery in a previous pregnancy repeated the same episode. These data indicate that the MIFD recurrence rate in subsequent pregnancies must be high. Patients with a history of both SFD delivery and MIFD in previous pregnancies were defined as high-risk patients and they were given orally 30 mg of aspirin and 150 mg of dipyridamole daily and/or daily intravenous injection of 10,000 IU heparin during pregnancy. As a result, MIFD did not recur in all cases of the treated group and 87.5% (7/8) of the treated group could deliver approximate-for-date infants compared with 33.3% (2/6) of the untreated group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies are extremely effective for prevention of MIFD and IUGR due to MIFD.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Detection of human alpha-herpesvirus DNA using consensus primers and specific probes.

A simple and rapid diagnostic assay system was developed for detecting and identifying human alpha-herpesviruses, such as herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster virus, by polymerase chain reaction. This system was based on an amplification step, using primers that bind the DNA polymerase consensus sequence of alpha-human herpesviruses, and a detection step, using non-radioactive virus-specific probes. This method could be used to amplify any human alpha-herpesviruses, and each virus-specific probe was highly specific for identification of the amplified product. This system is readily applicable for implementation in the clinical laboratory.

Cytomegalovirus↗

PubMed1994

[Normal ranges of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels in the community-dwelling elderly subjects aged 70 years or over--correlation between age and renal function].

To estimate normal ranges of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) levels in the aged, we measured BUN and Cr levels in 332 cases of apparent-healthy elderly subjects (male, 152; female, 180) aged 70 years or more. We measured the variables also in 315 cases of sex-matched young control subjects (male, 139; female, 176). This study was a part of the Kahoku Longitudinal Aging Study (KLAS) that aims to reveal the comprehensive functions in the aged. We calculated the mean and the standard deviation (SD) in each group, and excluded subjects with values beyond twice the SD-line. We defined the normal range as range within the single SD-line of the remainder. The estimated normal range of BUN was 14-23 mg/dl both in male and female elderly subjects, and that of Cr was 0.9-1.3 mg/dl in male and was 0.7-1.1 mg/dl in female. The mean BUN level in the elderly subjects was significantly higher than that in the control young subjects. The mean Cr level in the elderly subjects was slightly higher than that in the control subjects. Significant positive correlation was found between BUN levels and age in male elderly subjects. Although Cr levels did not correlate with age in elderly subjects, Cr levels divided by body surface area significantly correlated with age. We concluded that the normal range of BUN and Cr levels differed between young and elderly subjects, and that the decline in renal function correlated with age after the seventh decade.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Detection of immunoglobulin binding factor by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using two monoclonal antibodies.

Immunoglobulin binding factor (IgBF) found in human seminal plasma may be involved in suppressing antibody production against sperm in the female and male genital tracts. In the present study an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgBF was developed using monoclonal anti-IgBF antibodies. The sensitivity of the method was 20 pg/ml. The method was used to quantify IgBF in sera from women. In addition high levels of IgBF was found in cervical mucus of the uterus and in bronchial washings. The present results suggest that IgBF is found in tissues that are exposed to the external environment and may be a component of the local immunity system.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Influence of psychological stress on suckling-induced pulsatile oxytocin release.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of psychological stress on suckling-induced oxytocin release. METHODS: The pulsatile release of suckling-induced oxytocin was measured in 22 puerperal women. The blood samples for oxytocin assay were collected at 2-minute intervals in a manner that minimized degradation by plasma oxytocinase, and were used for radioimmunoassay after extraction. RESULTS: The release of suckling-induced oxytocin during nursing is pulsatile, with discrete, short pulses. The frequency of pulsatile release of oxytocin was significantly lower in the two groups in which stress was imposed by mental calculation or noise than in the control group without stress (mental calculation group, 1.28 +/- 0.76 pulses/20-minute suckling period; noise group, 1.14 +/- 0.38; control group, 2.25 +/- 0.71). However, there were no differences among the three groups in the increase of prolactin during nursing or in the milk yield. CONCLUSIONS: The release of suckling-induced oxytocin is pulsatile, and psychological stress reduces the pulsatile oxytocin release. Our data suggest that suckling-induced oxytocin release may be modulated by the central nervous system and that psychological relaxation is necessary for an adequate let-down response.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Action of synthetic progestin].

Chemical compound that can bind the progesterone receptor in the nucleus and cause proliferative change of the endometrium is designated as progestin (gestagen, progestogen). Progesterone (natural progestin) is secreted from corpus luteum of the ovary. Synthetic progestin can be divided into two groups: (1) progesterone derivatives, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and (2) testosterone derivatives, such as norethisterone. The former has progestane structure and a marked progestational activities but little estrogenic and androgenic activities. While, most of the testosterone derivatives keep androgenic activities and show even estrogenic activities due to its estrane structure or production of estrogen as the metabolite. Thus, understanding the characteristics of mode of action in each synthetic progestin, we should select the appropriate one for clinical treatment.

Estrogen Antagonists↗

PubMed1993

High expression rate of Tn antigen in metastatic lesions of uterine cervical cancers.

The significance of altered expression of MN blood group antigens was examined by studies on the expressions of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T antigen) and Tn antigen in primary and metastatic lesions of 29 human uterine cervical cancers. These antigens were measured by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method with peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin for T antigen and Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) lectin for Tn antigen. Proportion of cancer cells expressing Tn antigen was higher in the metastatic lesions than in the primary tumors in 10 of the 29 cases, less in the metastasis than in the primary tumor in one case, and similar in the primary and metastatic lesions in the other 18 cases. Reaction for Tn antigen was positive in 24 (82.8%) of the 29 metastases, and in 17 (58.5%) of the 29 primary lesions. Thus, the rate of Tn antigen expression was significantly higher in the metastases than in the primary lesions (P < 0.05). On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the immunoreactivities of T antigen in metastases and primary tumors. These findings support our previous suggestion that expression of Tn antigen is closely related to the metastasis to regional lymph nodes and may reflect an important role of this carbohydrate in the process of metastasis of cervical cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Orally administered prostaglandin E1 derivative can enhance liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats.

The effect of orally administered 17(S),20-dimethyl-6-oxo prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) methyl ester (OP) on liver regeneration was examined in 66% hepatectomized rats. Administration of OP increased the mitotic index of the hepatocyte 3 days after hepatectomy, and the mitotic index response due to OP was dose dependent. The OP administration had no effect on food intake, but reduced water intake. The serum scores relative to nutrition and hepatic function showed transient change after OP administration, whereas the serum blood urea nitrogen level indicated a slight renal dysfunction with OP. The fat store in the body was transiently reduced. These observations lead us to conclude that orally administered OP is capable of stimulating liver regeneration without serious systemic effects.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Interaction of activin A and gonadal steroids on FSH secretion from primary cultured rat anterior pituitary cells.

To clarify the mechanism of FSH secretion from the pituitary induced by activin A, we studied the interaction between activin A and gonadal steroids in inducing FSH release from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells in serum-free medium. The basal release of FSH was stimulated by activin A, testosterone (T) and progesterone (P), and T and P also facilitated basal FSH release stimulated by activin A. The GnRH-stimulated FSH release was facilitated by activin A, P and 17 beta-estradiol (E2), but suppressed by T. The effect of activin A on GnRH-stimulated FSH release was facilitated by P, but not affected by T or E2. These findings suggested that the interaction between activin A and T or P may be involved in the regulation of FSH secretion during the estrus cycle in rats.

Activins↗

PubMed1993

Induction of true precocious puberty by neonatal treatment with danazol in female rats.

Female rats at 5 days of age were given a single subcutaneous injection of varying doses of danazol or vehicle. Rats treated with 300 micrograms of danazol showed significant (P < 0.01, respectively) advancement in the day of vaginal opening (37.50 +/- 0.49 days vs. 25.20 +/- 0.19 days; mean +/- S.E.M.), first estrus (38.19 +/- 0.62 days vs. 29.10 +/- 0.26 days) and onset of estrous cycle (49.63 +/- 1.30 days vs. 37.07 +/- 1.50 days). All rats treated with danazol showed 4- or 5-day estrous cycle in the adulthood. Rats treated with 300 micrograms of danazol at 5 days of age discharged luteinizing hormone in the late stage of first proestrus. These results demonstrate that neonatally administered danazol produces the true precocious puberty in female rats, and this sexual precocity rat represents a unique model for analysis of the onset of puberty.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Tn antigen, a marker of potential for metastasis of uterine cervix cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: The expressions of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T-Ag) and Tn antigen (Tn-Ag), precursors of MN blood group antigens, were examined in the tissues of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix from 111 patients to determine their clinicopathologic significance with regard to the biologic behaviors of cancer cells and the clinical course of the patients. METHODS: T-Ag and Tn-Ag were measured by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) method with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) lectin (PNA) and Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA), respectively. RESULTS: Unlike expression of T-Ag, that of Tn-Ag was correlated closely with vascular permeation of cancer cells, their parametrial spread and metastasis to the pelvic lymph nodes, and also with a low 5-year survival rate. No correlation was found between expression of Tn-Ag and other parameters, such as the clinical stage or histologic type. Furthermore, Tn-Ag expression was independent of the degree of cancer involvement in the fibromuscular stroma of the cervix, which seems to be a marker of the aggressiveness of cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that Tn-Ag expression is a useful indicator of the potential for metastatic potential of cancer cells. Thus, a combination of estimations of the degree of cancer involvement in the cervical stroma and Tn-Ag expression seems the most useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗

PubMed1993

Enhanced liver regeneration in rats treated with 15-deoxyspergualin alone and in combination with FK 506.

The effects of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) alone and in combination with FK 506 (FK) on liver regeneration after 2/3 hepatectomy was studied. The administration of 5 mg/kg DSG increased the liver weight as a percentage of the body weight (RLW) in the 5 days following the hepatectomy. This enhanced regeneration was not affected if interleukin(IL)-2 was also given. The combination of 1 mg/kg DSG and 0.05 mg/kg FK induced the highest values for RLW. The amounts of food and water intake increased in the DSG and FK combined group. Blood chemistry indicated that the combined administration of DSG and FK could reduce side-effects more effectively than separate administration. These observation led us to conclude that DSG has a stimulating potency in liver regeneration by means of direct suppression of T cell activation, and there is a synergistic effect on regeneration by DSG and FK.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Immunosuppressive 30-kDa protein in urine of pregnant women and patients with trophoblastic diseases.

Urine samples obtained from normal pregnant women and patients with trophoblastic diseases contain 30-kDa protein that suppresses phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell proliferation. The immunosuppressive protein was measured by a newly developed radioimmunoassay. The 30-kDa protein was demonstrated in almost all urine samples examined, fluid from hydatid vesicles and chorionic extracts, but not in any serum samples except at low levels in some sera from patients with choriocarcinoma. During pregnancy, the level of urinary 30-kDa protein was higher in the first (1625.5 +/- 1212.0 ng/ml, mean +/- S.D.) and second (1457.4 +/- 1332.4 ng/ml) trimesters than in the third trimester (460.6 +/- 419.0 ng/ml). The urinary 30-kDa protein/hCG ratios in patients with choriocarcinoma (8.3 +/- 10.9) were significantly higher than those in patients with hydatidiform mole (0.67 +/- 1.00, P < 0.01) and in all trimesters than those of normal pregnant women (0.54 +/- 0.44 in first trimester, P < 0.05; 0.63 +/- 0.46 in the second trimester, P < 0.05; 0.24 +/- 0.17 in the third trimester, P < 0.01). There is no significant difference between the ratios in hydatidiform mole and normal pregnancy. These findings and the fast disappearance of the 30-kDa protein from the circulation suggest that the 30-kDa protein plays a part in proliferation of trophoblastic cells in, or their invasion into the host by locally suppressing the immune reaction of the host and that the increase in the urinary 30-kDa protein level, in cases of choriocarcinoma, may be due to the malignant transformation of trophoblastic cells resulting in their rapid invasion.

Female↗

PubMed1993

A sensitive and quantitative method for the determination of number of HPV 16 DNA copies by using the competitive polymerase chain reaction.

The infectivity of human papillomavirus (HPV) is closely linked to the characteristics of the epithelial lesions that it induces in the uterine cervix. In a previous study of ours, we reported that the incidence of positivity for HPV DNA increases as lesions progress toward cervical carcinoma. However, the incidence of positivity did not increase during the process of tumorigenesis from severe dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. These findings suggest that patients with invasive carcinoma had much fewer DNA copies of HPV in host cells. Based on these findings, we have prepared a HPV16 DNA standard (DNA standard) with an EcoRI restriction site by using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and site-directed mutagenesis. We have also developed a sensitive quantitative method based on PCR that uses primers and competition between the patient's HPV16 DNA and an internal DNA standard for the determination of numbers of copies of HPV16 DNA. In this study, uterine cervical tissues obtained from 12 patients with invasive carcinoma were studied using competitive PCR (CPCR) to determine the number of HPV16 DNA copies. We found that the number of copies in the tissues of patients with invasive varied between 5 x 10(6) to 4 x 10(9)/micrograms DNA.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Blocking of human fertilization by carbohydrates.

The zona penetration test and triple stain technique were used to elucidate the blocking effects of carbohydrates on human fertilization and their mechanisms. In the presence of D-mannose or D-fructose (final concentration, 50 mmol/l), sperm penetration through the human zona pellucida was completely blocked. The triple stain technique revealed that D-fructose (50 mmol/l) significantly (P < 0.01) suppressed the acrosome reaction of human spermatozoa, while D-mannose did not show a suppressive effect on the acrosome reaction. These results reinforce our hypothesis proposed previously, that a mandatory step in human fertilization is the binding of a D-mannose-binding constituent of the sperm surface to a D-mannose residue in the sperm receptor site on the zona pellucida. In addition, D-fructose may play an important role as an acrosome stabilizing factor in seminal fluid.

Acrosome↗

PubMed1993

Predominant production of amniotic interleukin-1 alpha in cases with premature rupture of the membranes.

PROBLEM: The physiological significances of the two known subtypes of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in amniotic fluid (AF) were examined by measurements of their concentrations and detection of their location. METHOD: Each IL-1 subtype in AF collected from 61 patients were examined by newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with high sensitivity. Placenta and umbilical cord from 17 patients were examined immunohistochemically for localization of IL-1. RESULTS: Different types of IL-1 were predominant in AF; the mean (+/- SE) concentration of IL-1 beta (412.8 +/- 105.4 pg/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of IL-1 alpha (116.4 +/- 26.7 pg/ml) in cases with spontaneous vaginal delivery, whereas the concentration of IL-1 alpha (243.1 +/- 81.4 pg/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of IL-1 beta (139.7 +/- 59.4 pg/ml) in cases with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) without intrauterine infection. In these cases, immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of IL-1 alpha in the trophoblastic layer of the placenta and epithelium of the umbilical cord. CONCLUSION: Amniotic IL-1 alpha was detected predominantly in cases with PROM, and it is thought to be produced in placenta and fetal skin keratinocyte.

Adult↗