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Biomedical subjects

T Aono

Publications and source records attributed to T Aono.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Noticeable hyperbilirubinemia following major hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract carcinoma.

Serum bilirubin concentrations were examined in patients who received hepatectomy for biliary tract carcinoma. They were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of preoperative obstructive jaundice (POJ): the POJ group (n = 14) and non-POJ group (n = 10). The POJ group underwent percutaneous transhepatic drainage to delineate jaundice before definitive surgery. Total bilirubin concentration in the POJ group had increased at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after operation compared to the non-POJ group; the direct bilirubin level had increased at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, and the indirect bilirubin level had increased at 1 and 3 days. Liver functional data before and 14 days after the operation were similar for the two groups. The incidence of cholangitis was higher in the POJ group than in the non-POJ group. Blood loss was greater in the POJ group than in the non-POJ group. The morbidity rate in the POJ group was higher than that in the non-POJ group. These results suggest that characteristic hyperbilirubinemia developed after major hepatectomy in patients with biliary tract carcinoma, and the bilirubin response is evoked by underlying preoperative biliary passing disturbance.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The liver regenerative response elicited by antisecretory agents in partially hepatectomized rats: a comparison between omeprazole and famotidine.

Liver regeneration after omeprazole (OMP) or famotidine (FAM) administration was examined in 66% hepatectomized rats. The regeneration was evaluated by the liver weight as a percentage of body weight (LRR) and the proportion of hepatocytes in mitosis per 1,000 counts (MI). Administration of OMP 0.4 mg/kg per day for 3 or 7 days suppressed LRR and MI 3 and 7 days after hepatectomy. However, the administration of FAM 0.8 mg/kg per day for 3 or 7 days did not change either LRR or MI. Increased gastrin levels in the blood were seen only after OMP administration. The food intake was unchanged by OMP or FAM, but FAM increased water intake. The liver functional score, glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood all increased with OMP, but FAM had no apparent effect on the hepatic or renal function. These observations suggest that a large dosage of OMP suppresses liver regeneration, while FAM appears to have no meaningful effect on regeneration.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Analysis of carbohydrate-intolerant profiles of mothers with normal glucose tolerance tests and their large for gestational age neonates.

OBJECTIVE: To examine endocrine states of mothers with normal 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) who gave birth to large for gestational age (LGA) neonates (group I) and to examine those neonates. METHODS: We examined plasma glucose levels and serum immunoreactive insulin responses after the 75-g oral GTT was given to group I mothers (N = 34), mothers with an abnormal oral GTT who gave birth to LGA neonates (group II, N = 21), and those with normal oral GTTs having appropriate for gestational age neonates (group III, N = 173). We also examined the infants, checking neonatal birth weight, levels of immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide immunoreactivity in cord sera at birth and the lowest blood sugar level after birth to see if a correlation existed between them. RESULTS: Group I and II mothers showed higher titers in plasma glucose levels and remarkably enhanced ratios of 60- to 30-minute immunoreactive insulin values (immunoreactive insulin up-ratio) after load compared with those of group III mothers. Cord serum immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide immunoreactivity were significantly higher and the lowest blood sugar level was significantly reduced in group I and II neonates compared with those in group III. We observed a positive correlation between cord serum immunoreactive insulin, C-peptide immunoreactivity, and birth weight, but a negative correlation between cord serum immunoreactive insulin, birth weight, and the lowest blood sugar level in group I and II neonates (strongest tendency in group II), but not in group III neonates. CONCLUSION: All of the abnormal carbohydrate metabolic responses in group I mothers and neonates may result in the promotion of growth in LGA fetuses similar to group II, but to a lesser extent. Identification of group I mothers by the immunoreactive insulin up-ratio after oral GTT will help predict the occurrence of LGA neonates and their possible hypoglycemia.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1995

Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in relation to trophoblast migration into the myometrium of the placental bed.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that an abnormally high resistance in the uterine artery indicates impaired trophoblast migration into the myometrium of the placental bed. METHODS: Doppler velocimetry in the uterine artery was carried out in 43 pregnant women within 7 days before cesarean delivery and placental bed biopsy. A pathologist evaluated the placental bed biopsies histologically. Trophoblast migration was absent in 28 cases (impaired migration group) and present in 15 (migration group). Clinical characteristics were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the mean gestational ages at delivery in the two groups, but those with impaired migration included a higher incidence of small for gestational age infants (46.4 versus 6.7%, P < .01) and a lower mean (+/- standard deviation) birth weight (1622 +/- 528 versus 2287 +/- 748 g, P < .01). The systolic-diastolic ratio (S/D) in the uterine artery was higher in the impaired migration group (2.45 +/- 0.81 versus 1.92 +/- 0.34, P < .05). The absence of migration could be deduced from the S/D of the uterine artery, with a predictive value of 92.3% when we set the cutoff value of the ratio at 2.5. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that abnormal uterine artery flow velocity waveforms may indicate impaired trophoblast migration into the myometrium of the placental bed.

Arteries↗
PubMed1995

Gastric acid secretion caused by gastrin-17 injection into both sides of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in rats.

Gastric acid outputs were examined after gastrin-17 (gastrin) injection into either side of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or both sides of the PVN in bilaterally adrenalectomized rats. The acid output increased when 40 pM gastrin was unilaterally injected (10 s, 500 nl) into the PVN through a 28-gauge stainless steel tube. The acid output was also increased when 80 pM gastrin was iontophoretically injected (2 min, -50 nA) into the PVN through a glass tube. An additive increase in the acid output was elicited when an effective concentration of gastrin was simultaneously injected into both sides of the PVN. It was also noted that there was a significant increase in acid output when an ineffective concentration of gastrin was simultaneously injected into both sides of the PVN. Almost the same magnitude of acid response due to PVN gastrin was reproduced in normoglycemia, but it was diminished in hyperglycemia. These results suggest that PVN neurons sensitive to gastrin form a neural circuit in both sides of the nucleus, and the circuit acts to potentiate the stimulation of gastric acid which is dependent on the glycemic condition.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

High implantation rate and consequently high pregnancy rate by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment in infertile women with antisperm antibody.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of antisperm immunity on postfertilization steps, such as implantation of embryos and fetal growth in IVF-ET treatment of women with sperm-immobilizing antibodies. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of clinical laboratory data. SETTING: The IVF-ET program of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The University of Tokushima, School of Medicine. PATIENTS: Eighteen women with sperm-immobilizing antibodies and 122 infertile patients with nonimmune etiology as controls. Infertile couples due to a male factor and with unknown etiology were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received the same IVF-ET program with GnRH agonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of fertilization and cleavage, implantation rate per embryo transferred and pregnancy rate (PR) in both test and comparison groups. RESULTS: The rate of fertilization in the antisperm group (61.3%) was significantly lower than that in the comparison group (76.8%). But the implantation rate per embryo transferred (23.5%) and consequently the modified PR per oocyte recovery procedure (34.4%) in immunologically infertile women were significantly higher than those in the comparison group (7.9% and 17.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although sperm-immobilizing antibodies prevent sperm-egg interaction, they do not seem to have any adverse effects on achievement of pregnancy. Moreover, the existence of antisperm immunity in woman with antisperm antibodies is suggested to be favorable for successful pregnancy by the IVF-ET procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Induction of single ovulation by sequential follicle-stimulating hormone and pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To induce single follicular ovulation by sequential treatment with FSH and pulsatile GnRH. DESIGN: Prospective study. PATIENTS: Eighteen hypogonadotropic anovulatory patients. INTERVENTIONS: In sequential treatment, daily FSH injection was switched to pulsatile GnRH administration (20 micrograms/120 minutes SC) when the follicle diameter reached 11 mm. In conventional FSH treatment, daily FSH injection was continued. In both cycles, hCG was given when the diameter of the dominant follicle reached 18 mm. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Developed follicle numbers and serum FSH concentrations during treatment. RESULTS: Single follicular development was achieved in 80.0% of cycles by sequential treatment but in no cycle by conventional FSH treatment. The number of developed follicles was 1.26 +/- 0.55 (mean +/- SD) on sequential treatment and 3.94 +/- 1.48 on conventional FSH treatment. Preovulatory FSH level was significantly lower on sequential treatment than on conventional FSH treatment (5.26 +/- 1.80 versus 11.55 +/- 3.43 mIU/mL [conversion factor to SI unit, 1.00]). CONCLUSION: The sequential treatment achieved single follicular development without complications. The sequential FSH-pulsatile GnRH treatment may offer a better chance for development of a single dominant follicle and ovulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Identification and localization of immunoglobulin binding factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from healthy smokers.

Immunoglobulin binding factor (IgBF), which is abundant in human seminal plasma, is known to bind immunoglobulin, interact with anti-Fc gamma RIII antibodies, and block pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether IgBF is present in the lower respiratory tract, whose secretions come into contact with the external environment. For this, IgBF was measured in brochoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 42 healthy normal subjects (23 nonsmokers and 19 smokers) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IgBF was detected in BALF from these normal subjects, and its level was significantly higher in BALF from smokers (127.2 +/- 98.7 ng/ml versus 23.3 +/- 20.7 ng/ml). On gel filtration chromatography of BALF, IgBF was eluted in a region corresponding to a molecular weight of 27 kD. Western blot testing with a monoclonal antibody to IgBF indicated that IgBF in BALF had a molecular weight of 27 kD under nonreducing conditions and of 16 kD under reducing conditions. Thus, the migration pattern of IgBF in BALF corresponded to that of IgBF in seminal plasma. IgBF immunoreactivity was detected histochemically in mucus glands and goblet cells in the lower respiratory tract. These results demonstrate that IgBF is present in the lower respiratory tract, and that smoking may cause its increased production in this region.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Identification of activins and follistatin proteins in human follicular fluid and placenta.

Follistatin, an activin-binding protein, is able to neutralize the various activities of activin by forming an inactive complex with it. The widespread tissue localization of follistatin is very similar to that of activin, which suggests that it plays a local modulatory role in the various paracrine/autocrine actions of activin. We detected significant activin-binding activities in human follicular fluid and placental homogenates, although they were much lower than those in porcine and bovine follicular fluids, which raised the possibility that follistatin is present in human follicular fluid and placenta. Therefore, we attempted to identify the protein molecules responsible for this activin-binding activity in human follicular fluid and placental homogenates. Human follicular fluid, collected from in vitro fertilization patients, was processed by affinity chromatography successive steps on sulfated gel matrices and reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The final HPLC yielded abundant follistatin and almost equimolar amounts of activin-A, -AB, and -B. The follistatin protein showed characteristic multiple bands when analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ability of each band to bind activin specifically was determined by activin binding assay and ligand blotting analysis. Several pieces of evidence, including the immunoblotting analysis and functional assay results, demonstrated the presence of three activin isoforms, A, AB, and B, in the follicular fluid. In contrast, human placental homogenates were found to contain follistatin and activin-A proteins only. Activin-AB and -B were not detected in any HPLC fraction, indicating that activin-A is the major form of activin in the human placenta. The present data indicate that the three activin isoforms and multiple forms of follistatin exist in human follicular fluid, and the activin-A isoform and follistatin exist in human placenta. They suggest that the physiological functions of the activin isoforms during embryonic development differ and that follistatin plays a functional role in the local control system(s) that regulates human reproduction.

Activins↗
PubMed1995

Usefulness of recombinant human prolactin for treatment of poor puerperal lactation in a rat model.

Recombinant human prolactin (r-hPRL) was produced by a line of murine C127 cells transfected with human PRL gene. To assess the biological efficacy of r-hPRL in vivo, we studied its influence on milk secretion using a rat model in which lactation was reduced by bromocriptine treatment. Puerperal rats were injected daily for 9 days after delivery with bromocriptine or bromocriptine plus r-hPRL, and lactational performance was assessed by weighing the pups. The concentrations of rat and human PRL in rat serum were measured by specific radioimmunoassays and the mammary glands were examined on postpartum day 10. Daily injection of bromocriptine (0.1 mg/rat) significantly reduced the endogenous level of rat PRL and impaired the weight gain of the pups. Administration of r-hPRL increased the serum level of human PRL. Daily injections of r-hPRL (50 micrograms/rat, twice a day) restored lactational performance and significantly increased the weight of the pups. The detrimental effect of bromocriptine on the mammary glands, assessed by both weight and histological appearance, was reversed by administration of r-hPRL. These results demonstrate that r-hPRL is biologically active in vivo and replacement therapy of r-hPRL is effective in improving the lactational performance in bromocriptine-treated rats, and also that r-hPRL may be useful for the treatment of women with poor lactation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

[Assessment of serum estrogen levels by RIA with HPLC during hormone replacement therapy].

We studied the serum estradiol and estrone levels in 146 peri and postmenopausal women, and in 38 women who had complained of various climacteric disturbance symptoms during daily hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 2.5 mg. Serum estradiol and estrone were measured before treatment, and at 6 months, and after one year of the HRT therapy by HPLC-radioimmunoassay. In 146 peri and postmenopausal women, the serum level of estradiol was from 3 to 6pg/ml. The serum level of estradiol in 38 women after HRT significantly increased (p < 0.01) from 3.34 to 23.6 pg/ml at 6 months, and 21.5 pg/ml at 12 months. The serum level of estrone significantly increased (p < 0.01) from 26.6pg/ml to 156.7pg/ml at 6 months, and 137.2pg/ml at 12 month. These results are very useful for deciding on the doses of hormones and the expected serum estradiol level in HRT for Japanese women.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Usefulness of the combined transfusion of autologous blood as pre-deposited and preoperatively diluted in gynecological surgery].

To eliminate the risks involved in homologous blood transfusion in gynecological surgery, we studied the effect of the combined transfusion of autologous blood as predeposited and preoperatively diluted. Thirty-nine cases were operated on and studied. In 27 cases, a total of 695 ml/person of autoblood was taken during the 15 preoperative days. In 39 cases, an average of 1,038 ml/person of autoblood was collected at the beginning of surgery. In 37 out of 39 cases, we were able to avoid homologous blood transfusion. In the remaining two cases with homologous blood transfusion, although more than 3,000 ml of operative blood loss was observed, only about 700 ml of homologous blood was needed. We did not find any serious side effect with autoblood transfusion. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the combined transfusion of autologous blood as predeposited and preoperatively diluted in gynecological surgery.

Adult↗