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Biomedical subjects

T Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to T Aoki.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[A study of attitudes toward illness and its effect on mortality in patients with Parkinson's disease].

The standardized mortality ratio (SMR), i.e. the ratio of observed to expected deaths, was investigated among 433 patients with Parkinson's disease (172 males and 261 females), who had been visited by public health nurses for a period of more than one year between 1978 and 1987 in Osaka Prefecture. The mean age of the patients was 58.7, and the average duration of the disease was 6.1 years at study entry. The follow-up period averaged 4.1 years during which sixty eight deaths were observed. The SMR of the patients was 2.54 relative to the general population of Osaka Prefecture. The SMR of those who were able to walk without assistance at study entry was 1.73, while that of patients with severe gait disturbance was 3.81. Patients were divided into three groups according to the extent of daily physical exercise performed to maintain their remaining function. Among patients who had been able to walk, those doing daily physical exercise showed the lowest SMR of 1.46. Among those with severe gait disturbance, the SMR of the exercising group was also the lowest at 1.72. These results indicate that daily physical exercise affects the mortality of Parkinsonian patients independently of the grade of disability. Participation in daily exercise was strongly influenced by the patient's will to battle his illness, and was significantly related to the presence of a spouse, economic situation of household, and the number of rooms in their dwelling.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the action of pipecuronium bromide in patients under halothane anesthesia--a comparison with pancuronium bromide regarding their neuromuscular blocking and cardiovascular effects].

Neuromuscular blocking and circulatory actions of pipecuronium bromide (PPB) were evaluated in patients under halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen anesthesia in comparison with those of pancuronium bromide (PCB) in a multi-center cooperative study. Twitch tension of the adductor pollicis muscle was elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve every 10 seconds. The study was performed according to the following 4 steps and the results were obtained. 1) Cumulative administration of 0.01 mg.kg-1 of PPB or PCB resulted in the potency ratio of 1.3:1.0 and the dose response curves of the two agents paralleled with each other. 2) With PPB 0.05 mg.kg-1 or 0.1 mg.kg-1, almost 100% block of the twitch was obtained. Both duration of action and the recovery time were shorter with 0.05 mg.kg-1 group. 3) After the first dose of 0.04 mg.kg-1 when the twitch recovered to 25% of the initial height 0.02 mg.kg-1 was given and this was repeated. Intervals between the doses showed large individual differences and no significant change was observed with repeated doses. 4) Safety of the drug. No significant change in heart rate or blood pressure was observed with PPB but with PCB a significant increase in heart rate was observed. The study revealed that PPB is slightly more potent than PCB and the duration of action is longer, but it has no untoward cardiovascular action in man under halothane anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A case of multiple inflammatory tracheo-bronchial polyps associated with chronic sinusitis].

A 57 year-old woman was aware of breath odor and visited to our hospital. There were no abnormal findings in her physical examination and chest X-ray. Multiple polyps in the trachea and both main bronchi were discovered by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. They were 0.1-0.5 cm in diameter. In a histological examination, squamous metaplastic epithelial cells and numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating subepithelially were seen. No malignant cells were found. The patient had suffered from chronic sinusitis for 15 years, and it was suggested that the development of tracheo-bronchial polyps was associated with chronic sinusitis.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Purification and chemical characterization of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1)].

A pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was purified from human placenta using either an ion-exchange column [method I] or an anti-SP1 antibody immunoadsorbent column [method II]. The yields were 5.2% with a total of 1.2 mg per placenta [method I], and 9. 4% with a total of 2.2 mg per placenta [method II], respectively. The physicochemical properties (molecular weight, sedimentation coefficient, amino acid composition etc.) of SP1 purified from human placenta by these methods are essentially the same as those of typical SP1. It is thus apparent from the present results that these SP1 from pregnant serum and human placenta cannot be distinguished immunologically and biochemically.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

Light has a greater effect on direct bilirubin measured by the bilirubin oxidase method than by the diazo method.

We compared the effect of light on direct-reacting bilirubin (DBIL) measurement by the bilirubin oxidase (EC 1.3.3.5; BOX) method and by the Jendrassik-Gróf diazo method. DBIL concentrations determined by the BOX method in the sera of hyperbilirubinemic infants treated with phototherapy yielded falsely higher values than those by the direct diazo method. A similar tendency was noted when DBIL concentrations in infants' sera irradiated with light in vitro were determined by both methods, although by HPLC none of these sera had detectable DBIL (i.e., conjugated plus delta bilirubin). In general, DBIL concentrations after photoirradiation remained unchanged when measured by the diazo method, but significantly increased when the BOX method was used. Indeed, photoirradiation gave rise to material that acted like a photobilirubin product, which was oxidized at pH 3.7 and therefore was measured as DBIL. Such false increases in DBIL values generated by the BOX method may have clinical diagnostic implications in monitoring jaundiced neonates and in differentiating between physiological jaundice and incipient pathological jaundice.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed1990

Increased plasma plant sterol levels in heterozygotes with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis.

Plasma sterol levels in a family of sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography. Three affected siblings manifested marked xanthomatosis including subcutaneous soft tissues and generalized atherosclerosis. Two other siblings as well as children of the patients did not show such clinical symptoms and signs. Plasma levels of cholesterol, sitosterol, campesterol, and cholestanol in three affected subjects were 190 +/- 18.5, 25.9 +/- 11.6, 16.1 +/- 7.8, 1.84 +/- 0.92 mg/dl (mean +/- SD), respectively. Four daughters of the affected subjects, who should be considered as obligatory heterozygotes, showed moderately increased levels of these sterols (195 +/- 41.7, 1.33 +/- 0.44, 1.56 +/- 0.69, 0.80 +/- 0.28 mg/dl), which were significantly higher than those of normal subjects. Treatment with cholestyramine had little effect on the increased plasma plant sterol levels, but markedly decreased plasma cholestanol concentrations in two affected siblings. This report presents the clinical features of the patients with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis and also demonstrates that heterozygotes with this disorder have increased plasma levels of plant sterols as well as cholestanol, and suggests that this rare disease might be inherited as an autosomal co-dominant trait in certain cases. The data also indicate that cholestyramine administration was not effective in this family for treatment of sitosterolemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Calcium release from frog sarcoplasmic reticulum by an imidazolyl reagent.

Calcium is released from the isolated heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of frog skeletal muscle upon application of 0.1-1 mM diethylpyrocarbonate (DEP, an imidazolyl reagent). The Ca-ATPase activity of SR was suppressed by 20% in the presence of 1 mM DEP. More than 1 mM of free magnesium ion or 5 microM ruthenium red eliminated the effect of DEP on calcium release but not on Ca-ATPase activity. A plausible site of DEP action is on the calcium channel.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin 5 enhances interleukin 2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer activity.

IL-5 expresses various biologic effects on several types of lymphocytes, including B cells, eosinophils, and T cells. We demonstrated that the incubation of resting splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice in murine rIL-5 enhances IL-2-mediated lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity against various tumor cells. IL-5 alone, however, does not induce killer activity. IL-2-mediated LAK activity increases in proportion to the dose of IL-5. During the late phase of the culture period, IL-5 seems to have some effect on the induction of IL-2-mediated LAK activity. We expect that IL-5 will prove useful for adoptive immunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation by exercise Doppler echocardiography of maintenance of cardiac output during ventricular pacing with or without chronotropic response.

To examine the effectiveness of activity-initiated rate-responsive pacing, this study assessed the increases in stroke volume and cardiac output during randomized treadmill exercise in rate-responsive and fixed-rate ventricular (VVI) pacing in 10 patients. Stroke volume index and cardiac index were determined by suprasternal Doppler measurements. Compared with the findings during VVI pacing, the rate-responsive pacing was associated with (1) prolongation of exercise duration (8.0 +/- 4.0 vs 7.3 +/- 3.6 minutes, p less than 0.05); (2) greater exercise-induced positive chronotropic response (mean maximal heart rate 127 +/- 12 vs 78 +/- 15 beats/min, p less than 0.001); (3) smaller increase in stroke volume index (38 +/- 10 vs 50 +/- 11 ml/m2, p less than 0.001), and (4) greater increase in cardiac index (4.7 +/- 1.1 vs 3.9 +/- 1.0 liters/min/m2, p less than 0.001). A significant correlation was observed between age and percent increase in stroke volume index during VVI pacing (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that VVI pacing increased stroke volume more than did rate-responsive pacing, especially in younger patients, but the increase in cardiac output was less than that seen with rate-responsive pacing due to the absence of chronotropic response. Accordingly, an activity-sensing, rate-responsive pacemaker can effectively increase the heart rate, significantly augment cardiac output and extend the duration of exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Factors contributing to cerebral hypomyelination in the growth hormone-deficient little mouse.

We attempted to delineate the events leading to hypomyelination in the brain of the little mouse, a promising murine model of isolated growth hormone deficiency. At 20 days of age, the mutant mouse brain weighed less than its normal counterpart, and this difference in brain weight persisted. Increase in CNPase activity was found to be suppressed in the cerebrum throughout the developmental stage, but not in the other parts of the brain. Differences in cerebral DNA content between the little and normal mice first became apparent on the 10th day of age. Thereafter, the rate of increase in the little brain consistently lagged behind the normal. [3H]Thymidine incorporation into the DNA fraction in vivo on the 7th day of age, when glial cell proliferation in the normal cerebrum is most active, was approximately half that of the controls in all parts of the little brain. These findings indicate that the hypomyelination of the mutant cerebrum might result from reduced oligodendroglial proliferation due to growth hormone deficiency.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗
PubMed1989

Persistent abnormalities of the metabolism of an oral glucose load in insulin-treated type I diabetics.

We have compared disposal of an oral glucose load in 12 normal subjects and 10 c-peptide-negative, type I-diabetic subjects, who were treated with insulin (by overnight intravenous insulin infusion followed by a dose of subcutaneous insulin prior to the oral glucose load) to achieve a blood glucose profile that approximated the glucose intolerance commonly seen in insulin-treated diabetics. We used a combination of the dual-isotope and forearm techniques, together with whole-body indirect calorimetry, to quantify the various determinants of glucose tolerance. The diabetic subjects had impaired glucose tolerance in that, despite similar fasting plasma glucose levels (5.46 +/- 0.17 mmol/L v 5.35 +/- 0.10 mmol/L in the normal subjects), they had a higher peak glucose (14.3 +/- 1.2 mmol/L v 10.0 +/- 0.7 mmol/L P less than .01) and area under the glucose curve (2,483 +/- 197 mmol.min/L v 1,525 +/- 43 mmol.min/L P less than .001). Up to 120 minutes after the oral glucose load, the amount of glucose entering the systemic circulation exceeded that leaving by 14.6 +/- 2.3 g in the diabetics and only by 2.6 +/- 0.5 g in the normal subjects (P less than .001), accounting for the higher plasma glucose peak in the diabetics. Total systemic glucose appearance rates were significantly greater in the diabetics between 60 and 120 minutes, and endogenous glucose production suppressed more slowly in diabetics than in the normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Change in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in rabbit platelets contacting with albumin coated and uncoated polystyrene surfaces.

Direct measurement of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration in rabbit platelets in contact with polystyrene latexes was examined by monitoring an intracellular trapped fluorescent indicator dye, Fura 2, as a quantitative evaluation of platelet activation on material surfaces. It was found that an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium levels in platelets in contacting latexes was strongly reduced by the adsorption of albumin on the latex surfaces. Further, such an elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium levels was found to require a calcium influx from an extracellular medium across the platelet-plasma membrane.

Animals↗