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Biomedical subjects

T Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to T Aoki.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Anti-inflammatory effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name: ninjin-youei-to), on alveolar macrophages stimulated by RANTES or TNF-alpha].

This study was performed to clarify the effect of RANTES or TNF-alpha on rabbit alveolar macrophages and the anti-inflammatory effect of NINJIN-YOUEI-TO on alveolar macrophages stimulated by RANTES or TNF-alpha. Phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages was dose-dependently stimulated by RANTES or TNF-alpha. However, phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages was completely suppressed to the basal level when alveolar macrophages were preincubated with NINJIN-YOUEI-TO at 37 degrees C for 20 min. These results suggest that NINJIN-YOUEI-TO has an anti-inflammatory effect on alveolar macrophages through a process still to be determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Psychiatric evaluation of rehabilitation patients.

Patients undergoing physical rehabilitation have experienced a severe object loss and it is suggested that many patients in rehabilitation might have psychiatric disorders. We conducted a study to demonstrate the frequency and kinds of psychiatric and psychological symptoms. A Structured Interview according to the DSM-III-R was conducted, which demonstrated that 27 (43.5%) out of 62 rehabilitation inpatients met the criteria for some form of psychiatric disorders; 22 patients for major depression and five for adjustment disorder with anxious mood. The remaining 35 patients (56.5%) showed normal reactions to their diseases. They were also administered Zung's Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS). These three psychological tests were useful in detecting depression or adjustment disorder among rehabilitation patients; but they were not always specific to the type of psychiatric disorders. Patients with higher scores in these inventories should be referred to a psychiatric consultant for detailed examinations and proper treatment if necessary.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1994

[High oxygen breathing improves inhomogeneities of ventilation-perfusion distributions in acutely injured lungs].

Using twenty-five mongrel dogs either with or without alveolar flooding induced by oleic acid administration, the effects of high oxygen breathing (60% O2) on ventilation--perfusion (VA/Q) distributions in the lungs were systematically investigated. VA/Q distributions were examined by multiple inert gas elimination technique, from which the VA/Q values describing mean positions of perfusion (Q) and ventilation (VA) distributions against the VA/Q axis were calculated (mean Q and mean VA). As the first measure of dispersion for VA/Q distribution, the log standard deviation was estimated (log SD (Q) and logSD (VA)). As the second measure of dispersion, the area under the curve, constructed by plotting inert gas arterial-to-alveolar partial pressure differences as a function of blood-gas partition coefficient, was calculated (aAD area). High oxygen breathing slightly enhanced the dispersion of VA/Q distributions in the normal dogs but decreased that in the dogs injured with oleic acid. Therefore, we concluded that high oxygen breathing worsened the inhomogenieties of VA/Q distributions in normal lungs but did improve those in acutely injured lungs.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Circulating ICAM-1 levels in children with atopic dermatitis.

Circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) levels were measured in 48 patients with atopic dermatitis (mild in 29, moderate in 13, and severe in 6) and in 32 controls. Circulating ICAM-1 levels gradually increased with the severity of atopic dermatitis (216 +/- 68 in control, 323 +/- 66 in mild, 376 +/- 92 in moderate, and 555 +/- 93 ng/mL in severe atopic dermatitis, respectively). A significant correlation was observed between serum ICAM-1 and eosinophilic cationic protein levels in patients with atopic dermatitis (r = .71, P < .01). Although a significant positive correlation was observed between serum eosinophilic cationic protein levels and peripheral eosinophil counts (r = .63, P < .01), only a weak correlation was observed between serum ICAM-1 levels and peripheral eosinophil counts (r = .35, P < .05). Changes in serum ICAM-1 levels in ten patients treated with ketotifen for 3 months were also demonstrated. A close correlation was observed between serum ICAM-1 levels and the disease severity (r = .76, P < .01). From these results, we speculate that serum ICAM-1 level may reflect the extent of inflamed tissue in atopic dermatitis.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1994

Circulating endothelin-1 levels in patients with bronchial asthma.

We attempted to clarify the relationship between circulating endothelin-1 levels and bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatic patients. Sixty-two asthmatic patients were studied for plasma endothelin-1 levels during acute asthma. The relationship between plasma endothelin-1 levels and pulmonary function (FEV1/FVC) was examined in 17 patients. Twelve patients were studied for changes in plasma endothelin-1 levels during methacholine inhalation tests. Plasma endothelin-1 levels during acute asthma correlated with the severity of acute asthma defined with the Clinical Asthma Evaluation Score, and those during the methacholine challenge test correlated with the grade of bronchoconstriction (P < .01). A significant negative correlation was observed between plasma endothelin-1 levels and FEV1/FVC ratio (P < .01). These results suggest that circulating endothelin-1 levels may reflect the severity of acute asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[A study of various complications in arterial infusion chemotherapy].

Complications of arterial infusion chemotherapy were analyzed in 261 cases from December 1983 to December 1993 in our department. Their complications involved nausea and vomiting (40.6%), bone marrow suppression (33.3%), liver dysfunction (20.3%), gastric and duodenal ulcer (9.6%) and so on. Complications involving an implantable device were hepatic arterial obstruction (29.1%), reservoir obstruction (5.7%), dislocation of catheter (4.6%), infection of catheter (3.8%), and obstruction of catheter (1.9%). In another cases with hepatic arterial obstruction, we performed arterial infusion in another artery as a bypass or stopped the infusion. In cases with obstruction of catheter not able to be reopened, we reinserted the catheter. An obstructed and/or infected reservoir was removed or replaced. Nausea and vomiting were found in 46.3% of FAM arterial infusion method (FAM) cases, in 53.3% of 5-FU persistent arterial method (5-FU) + FAM cases, and in 40.5% of intermittently persistent arterial method (IP) cases. Gastric and duodenal ulcer were noted in 9.8% of FAM, 13.3% of 5-FU + FAM, and 8.1% of IP cases. There were no significantly statistical differences between the methods. Hepatic arterial obstruction predominantly occurred in 32.4% of IP and 26.7% of 5-FU + FAM and bone marrow suppression was predominant in cases in which ADM was used. The duration of obstruction after administration was 154.0 +/- 117.4 days on average (21-455 days). Complications of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy are based on various causes which can be managed for prevention. We intend to enhance safety and assure the greater effectiveness of hepatic arterial chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

[Eye complications in atopic dermatitis].

Eye complications were studied in 240 cases of atopic dermatitis (age distribution 9 months to 40 years) hospitalized in the dermatology ward of our hospital. One hundred and thirty-four patients (55.8%) had at least one eye complication. Allergic conjunctivitis, cataracts, vernal conjunctivitis, retinal detachment, keratoconus, and retinal tears were detected in 28.3%, 17.9%, 2.1%, 1.3%, 1.3%, and 0.8%, respectively. Serum IgE levels and eye complications did not correlate. Routine ophthalmological examinations are recommended for patients with atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[The usefulness of pre- and immediately postoperative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer].

In order to investigate the usefulness of pre- and immediately postoperative chemotherapy in colorectal cancer, 35 patients that underwent curative resection from April 1988 to March 1990 for the tumors having serosal (a2, s) or subserosal (a1, ss) invasion were divided into three groups (A, B and C) according to the treatment modality with anticancer drugs. In group A (9 cases), 400 mg of UFT was given orally for 7 days preoperatively; on the day of operation bolus 20 mg of MMC and the day after operation bolus 10 mg of MMC were given intravenously. After that, 800 mg of FT was infused intravenously for 2 weeks followed by daily oral administration of 400 mg of UFT. In group B (12 cases), bolus 20 mg of MMC on the day of surgery and bolus 10 mg the day after surgery were given by vein. Moreover, 400 mg of UFT was orally administered daily from 2 weeks after surgery. In group C (14 cases), 400 mg of UFT alone was given daily orally from 2 weeks after surgery. The three-year survival rates of group A, B and C were 100%, 91.7%, and 92.9%, respectively. The recurrence rates in the three groups were 0%, 16.7%, and 28.6%, respectively. Although statistical significance was not observed, the prognosis of group A seemed to be favorable. No recurrence was observed in group A, and the recurrences in group B and C were entirely hepatic metastasis. Accordingly, preoperative chemotherapy with immediately postoperative chemotherapy seems to be effective in the prevention of hematogenous spread in colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Effects of vasoactive cyclooxygenase products on shunt flow and extravascular lung water in acute lung injuries].

Using 50 mongrel dogs with alveolar flooding produced by oleic acid administration, the possible roles of vasoactive cyclooxygenase products on intrapulmonary shunt flow (QS/QT) and extravascular lung water (ETVI) in acutely injured lungs were assessed. Suppressing cyclooxygenase activity with indomethacin administration diminished the concentrations of thromboxane (TX) B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) in arterial blood, resulting in a significant reduction in QS/QT. Furthermore, indomethacin completely suppressed the increase in ETVI. Inhibition of TXA2 generation by OKY-046 (thromboxane A2 synthase blocker) diminished the concentration of TXB2 while increasing that of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in blood. Administration of either OKY-046 or synthetic prostacyclin (PGI2) markedly enhanced QS/QT, in association with an increase in ETVI. In conclusion, the potent vasodilator prostacyclin was considered to enhance shunt flow, leading to the augmentation of edema formation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Prevention of coronary spasm during and shortly after coronary revascularization in patients with variant angina].

From June 1990 to March 1993, 9 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 4.4% of all CABG cases at our hospital during this period, had significant perioperative coronary spasm. For 4 patients who underwent CABG before May 1992 (Group 1), preventive and suppressive procedures for the coronary spasm were the addition of diltiazem in the cardioplegic solution and the continuous intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin. Perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) occurred in all 4 patients in Group 1, with the mean peak MB-CPK of 356 +/- 197 IU/l. One patient had delayed sternal closure because of his unstable hemodynamic status. Thereafter, we changed our protocol as follows: 1) Ergometrine loading (intracoronary infusion) test was performed in all candidates for CABG, aiming at finding out patients with a high risk. And for the high-risk patients, in addition to the measures done in Group 1, 2) intraaortic balloon pumping was performed through the perioperative period, and 3) a pig-tail catheter was dwelled in the Valsalva sinus, through which bolus doses of isosorbide dinitrate were injected frequently in this period. 4) Additionally nifedipine was periodically administered through the nasogastric tube. With these intensive preventive/suppressive measures, the perioperative spasm in 5 patients (Group 2) with variant angina were successfully managed, with no resultant PMI nor operative death (The occurrence of PMI was significantly less frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1, with the p value < 0.05). For patients with variant angina undergoing CABG, combined intensive preventive/suppressive measures for perioperative coronary spasm as listed above proved effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Impaired hepatic copper homeostasis in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats: reduced biliary excretion of copper.

To explain the pathogenesis of excessive copper accumulation in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, regarded as one of the animal models for hepatic-type Wilson's disease, we measured copper contents in liver tissue and bile, serum total copper concentration, and ceruloplamin oxidase activity in LEC rats before and after the onset of spontaneous hepatitis. The copper contents in liver tissue of both 11-wk-old and 18-mo-old LEC rats were about 60 times the amounts in age-matched Wistar and Long-Evans Agouti rats. The biliary copper excretion in 11-wk-old LEC rats was significantly lower than that of the Long-Evans Agouti and Wistar rats that were the same age (27.9 and 41.4%, respectively). In 18-mo-old LEC rats, biliary copper excretion was lower than that in the Long-Evans Agouti rats that were the same age, but the finding was statistically not significant. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels were markedly reduced in LEC rats of both ages. These findings suggest that LEC rats have similar defects of biliary copper excretion as observed in patients with Wilson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Emotional states of patients with hematological malignancies: preliminary study.

We conducted a study to demonstrate the kinds and frequencies of psychiatric symptoms among 31 inpatients with malignant hematological diseases. The DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, third edition-revised, 1987) structured interview and three psychological tests, such as the Self-rating Anxiety Scale, Self-rating Depression Scale and Profile of Mood States, were administered. The structured interview demonstrated 29.0% of the patients to have met the criteria for some form of psychiatric disorder, i.e., two for major depression and seven for adjustment disorder (three with depressed mood, two with anxious mood and two with mixed emotional features). Of the remaining 22 patients (71.0%) none met the criteria for psychiatric disorders. Of the five patients who knew their true diagnoses, three were assessed as having adjustment disorder with depressed mood and one as having major depression. Also, among the five patients on chemotherapy, four met the criteria for psychiatric disorders. Adjustment disorders were fewer among Japanese patients with malignant hematological diseases than among patients from previous studies in western countries, which can be explained by the patients' defense mechanism such as 'denial' and/or the less frequent 'truth-telling' in Japan. In addition, since the diagnostic criteria or psychological scales contain physical symptoms, they should be arranged or revised if applied to patients with life-threatening diseases such as hematological malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal tumors].

Thoracoscopic surgery was performed in nine patients with benign mediastinal tumors: four neurogenic tumors, three bronchogenic cysts, a foregut cyst and a mature teratoma. Four cystic masses located in para-esophageal lesion in inferior mediastinum and four neurogenic tumors located in posterior mediastinum. A mature teratoma was adjacent to thymus in anterior mediastinum. Under general anesthesia with unilateral ventilation, the patients were turned in the lateral decubitus position and we tilt the operative table to allow gravity assistance for the displacement of the lung. A rigid telescope was inserted through a thracoport. Masses were resected using the dissecting scissors with electric cautery through two other thracoports. Thoracoscopic complete resections were performed in eight patients. In one case that was suspected of malignant tumor by preoperative evaluation, thoracoscopic tumor biopsy was performed and diagnosed as a benign neurogenic tumor during operation histopathologically. But it was resected by thoracotomy, because of its larger size (8 cm in diameter). The average operation time was 122 minutes ranging from 80 to 184 minutes in 8 patients with thoracoscopic resection. No patient has a complication resulting from the thoracoscopic surgery. The chest drainage tubes were removed on 1 or 2-POD in all cases and the average length of postoperative hospitalization was 5.3 days ranging from 4 to 9 days. The thoracoscopic resection for benign mediastinal tumors is minimally invasive and effective procedure compared with classical thoracotomy operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Sleeve S6 segmentectomy for early bronchial squamous cell carcinoma--a case report].

A 60-year-old male complaining cough was referred to our hospital. His chest roentgenogram showed left hilar abnormal shadow and his sputum cytology was reported to be class V. Bronchoscopy revealed a squamous cell carcinoma of the orifice of the left B6. It suggested early hilar carcinoma with obstructive pneumonia. We performed sleeve segmentectomy of the S6 with bronchoplastic procedure. Bronchial wall invasion of squamous cell carcinoma was observed histologically and it was confirmed as early hilar lung cancer. His postoperative course was uneventful and no evidence of recurrence is observed 12 months after operation. Patency of the basal bronchus is excellent and his vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second are almost equal to preoperative values. In such early hilar lung cancer that occupied the orifice of the B6, the margin of oral side bronchus resected by sleeve S6 segmentectomy is almost same as by lower lobectomy. We believed that this procedure can be minimum invasive standard operation in such cases.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1994

[Successful preoperative intra-arterial chemotherapy and concurrent radiotherapy for recurrent chest wall malignant fibrous histiocytoma].

A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the chest wall is reported. A fifty-nine-year-old male admitted into our hospital suffering from a giant chest wall tumor that had recurred after three separate resections. Thrice preoperative intra-arterial infusions of ADR 50 mg/m2, CDDP 100 mg/m2 and ADR 50 mg/m2 were respectively administered along with 60 Gy of concurrent radiotherapy. After that, we widely resected the tumor, chest wall, clavicle, subclavian vein and part of the deltoid muscle. The defect of the chest wall was reconstructed with Marlex-Mesh and covered with a rectus abdominis muscle flap. No viable tumor cells were detected in the resected specimen. Aggressive preoperative chemoradiotherapy was very useful for the treatment of MFH in this case.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗