Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Aoki

Publications and source records attributed to T Aoki.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The study of urgent pulmonary resections for lung cancer accompany with pneumonia].

We studied 10 lung cancer patients with pneumonia insusceptible of conservative treatment. All patients underwent urgent pulmonary resection to control their pneumonia induced by the tumor and to cure the cancer. The causes of pneumonia were bronchial obstruction by the tumor itself or aspiration of the tumor necrosis. The patients comprised 9 men and 1 women. The age range was 37 to 72 years with a median age of 57 years. There were obstructive pneumonia in 3 patients and aspiration pneumonia in 7 cases. The average size of tumor was about 4.7 and 7.5 cm, respectively. The histological type of lung cancer was squamous cell carcinoma in 6 and adenocarcinoma in 4. There were 1 stage 1,1 stage IIIA and 3 stage IIIB tumors. Lobectomy was performed in 8 patients and pneumonectomy in 2 patients. Nine patients underwent the operation under one-lung ventilation. A median period of preoperative administration of antibiotics was 6.2 days. The curative operation for lung cancer was performed in 3 patients and non-curative operation in 7 patients. Postoperative complications were pneumonia in 2, subcutaneous abscess in 2 and arrhythmia in a case of pneumonectomy. All non-curative patients died in 5 years, but two curative patients survived long time for 31 and 75 months, respectively. We performed urgent pulmonary resection for lung cancer patients to cure fatal pneumonia and cancer. There were no hospital death. Urgent pulmonary resection could prevent early death caused by fatal pneumonia by tumor itself.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of melatonin on muscle contractility and neuromuscular blockade produced by muscle relaxants].

Effects of melatonin on muscle contractility and on the blocking properties of succinylcholine and vecuronium were investigated in vitro using phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations of rats. Melatonin (26-520 microM) alone had almost no effect on the contractility. Melatonin (260 microM) markedly potentiated the block produced by succinylcholine, but melatonin had no effect on the block produced by vecuronium. Because the property of the block produced by succinylcholine is nicotinic receptor desensitization, we consider that melatonin potentiates succinylcholine-induced block with facilitation of the desensitization. These results suggest that melatonin has calcium channel blocking effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Prolonged neuromuscular blockade with vecuronium in patient with triple pregnancy treated with magnesium sulfate].

A 33 year-old parturient with triplet pregnancy underwent emergency cesarean section at 35 week of gestation under general anesthesia. The patient had received magnesium sulfate to prevent uterine contraction immediately before the cesarean section. Although serum magnesium value was not beyond therapeutic levels (3.3 mEq.l-1), the neuromuscular blocking effects with vecronium were strengthened. It was not likely that volatile anesthetic enhanced neuromuscular blockade produced by vecuronium because the onset time of vecuronium had already been faster than that in pregnant patients untreated with magnesium before she was exposed to isoflurane. In addition, it is possible that magnesium could interfere with postpartum uterine contractions because of its tocolytic properties. Magnesium sulfate therapy has several implications to anesthetic agents. We, anesthesiologists, should know about the biophysiological effects of magnesium and control the interaction between anesthetic agents and this electrolyte.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Effects of hyperoxia on the behavior of leukocytes in rat pulmonary microcirculation assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy].

To study the dynamic interaction between blood cells and endothelial cells in the pulmonary microcirculation, we developed a method for observing leukocytes and erythrocytes in the microcirculation of perfused rat lungs by confocal laser scanning microscopy. We examined the behavior of leukocytes in the microcirculation of rat lungs exposed to hyperoxia, because oxygen toxicity is known to be associated with leukocyte infiltration and endothelial cell damage. Rats were divided into two groups: control (21% O2) and hyperoxia (90% O2 for 48 hours). Lungs were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution equilibrated with 21% O2 and 5% CO2 through an artificial lung. Leukocytes stained with carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and erythrocytes stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate were added to the perfusate, and images of the cells were observed and recorded with a confocal laser scanning microscope and a high-speed video camera. The mean velocities of erythrocytes (Vr) in arterioles, capillaries, and venules of the control group were 1.52, 0.50 and 1.61 mm/sec, respectively. Also in the control group, the velocities of the leukocytes were divided by the mean velocities of the erythrocytes in the same arterioles, capillaries and venules (Vw/Vr) and the results were 0.96, 0.97, and 0.98, respectively. The Vw/Vr values for arterioles in the hyperoxia group were not significantly different from those in the control group, but the Vw/Vr values for capillaries and venules were 27% and 37% lower than their respective control values. Leukocyte sequestration was seen mainly in capillaries in the hyperoxic group. These results suggest that an increase in adhesion in capillaries and venules, such as that caused by adhesion molecules, might play a key role in the behavior of leukocytes in the pulmonary microcirculation during hyperoxia.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Michelin tire syndrome: a congenital disorder of elastic fibre formation?

We describe a 15-month-old girl with Michelin tyre syndrome. She had hirsuties and marked skin folds. Histological examination showed fragmented elastic fibres in addition to smooth muscle hamartoma. On electron microscopy, decreased deposition of elastin was observed. We speculate that elastic fibre abnormalities may account for the characteristic skin changes in the Michelin tyre syndrome.

Connective Tissue Diseases↗
PubMed1997

[An autopsied case doubly infected by mucor mycelia and herpes simplex virus-2 in the remission state after bone marrow transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia].

A 36-year-old woman who had been in complete remission after bone marrow transplantation against her leukemia presented with visual disturbance and cerebellar signs. She showed unusual involuntary movement as if she rolled a ball of string, and died two months after the onset of illness. Necropsy revealed hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellar dentate nucleus, superior colliculus, midbrain pretectum and red nucleus, and mucor mycelia were numerously found. HSV-2 immunoreactivity was found in both astroglial and oligodendroglial perikaraya. These hemorrhagic-necrotic lesions were partly associated with HSV-2 infection, but it was difficult to discriminate those from mucormycotic lesions. The unusual involuntary movement was considered to be due to basal ganglia lesions. This case was double infection by mucor mycelia and HSV 2, and clinicopathological consideration was described.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Cataracts occur in patients with atopic dermatitis when the serum IgE increases].

The serum-IgE (sIgE) levels of eight patients with cataract complicated by atopic dermatitis (atopic cataract) who had undergone cataract surgery were reported. Five of them were diagnosed as having cataract the first visit to our eye clinic. The other three cases did not show cataract at the first visit but developed it later. The average sIgE of the five cases with cataract was 25,478 +/- 15,936 (mean +/- standard deviation) iu/ml whereas that of the latter three cases without cataract, at the first visit was 4,638 +/- 1,810 iu/ml. The average sIgE of these three cases when their cataracts were diagnosed first went up to 13,210 +/- 5,574 iu/ml. These results suggested that a high level of sIgE may be a warning of the appearance of atopic cataract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[A clinical evaluation of the Hepcon/HMS: a new device of monitoring hemostasis management during cardiopulmonary bypass].

BACKGROUND: The "Hepcon/HMS", a small, protable console which can instantaneously measure residual whole blood heparin concentration and automatically compute the necessary dose of additional heparin during extracorporeal circulation and also compute the required dose of protamine to reverse the effect of residual heparin. METHOD: This study was performed in 32 consecutive patients undergoing primary elective cardiac operation between March and July 1996. Patients were divided randomly in two groups: control group and "Hepacon/HMS" group. Hematologic factors, total heparin dose, total protamine dose, postoperative bleeding and blood transfusion volume were compared between these two groups. RESULTS: Patients in the "Hepcon/HMS" group received significantly greater doses of heparin (p = 0.01) and lower doses of protamine (p = 0.01) compared with the control patients. CONCLUSION: By using "Hepcon/HMS", smaller amount of protamine to reverse residual heparin was achieved without no hemostatic derangement nor increase in the amount of postoperative bleeding, irrespective of the fact that the greater amount of heparin was administered during extracorporeal circulation as compared with the conventional anticoagulation protocol. It may help prevent the undesirable side effects of administering excessive amount of protamine, including depression of myocardial function, platelet dysfunction, anaphylactic reaction and catastrophic circulatory collapse.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1997

Leukocyte kinetics in the pulmonary microcirculation: observations using real-time confocal luminescence microscopy coupled with high-speed video analysis.

To quantitatively assess blood cell kinetics in the intact pulmonary microcirculation, in which arterioles, venules, and capillaries are exceedingly intricate and densely convoluted, we recently developed a real-time confocal laser luminescence microscope with a high-speed analysis component. The system has the capacity to yield confocal images of rapidly moving cells at a rate of 1000 frames/second and at sufficiently high degrees of magnification. Applying this novel method to isolated perfused rat lungs, we estimated the endothelial distributions of constitutively expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin and also studied leukocyte hemodynamic behavior in the pulmonary microvasculature under conditions in which ICAM-1, P-selectin, and L-selectin were inhibited, respectively, by 1A29 (monoclonal antibody to rat ICAM-1), ARP2-4 (monoclonal antibody to rat P-selectin), and fucoidin (competitive inhibitor of both P- and L-selectin). The results were compared with those obtained with a nonconfocal microscope using conventional epiluminescence. Intertwined microvessel networks in the lung were clearly distinguishable in confocal images but not in conventional nonconfocal views. ICAM-1 was perceptibly expressed along venular and capillary but not arteriolar endothelium, whereas P-selectin was undetectable in all microvessels examined. Leukocytes were not firmly adhered to venular or arteriolar endothelial cells. Leukocyte rolling was recognized more frequently along arteriolar walls than along venular walls and was suppressed in arterioles by L-selectin inhibition but not by either ICAM-1 or P-selectin inhibition. In capillaries, transient and sustained arrest of leukocytes occurred at physiologic shear rates. Inhibition of ICAM-1 or P-selectin had no remarkable effect upon either transient or sustained entrapment of leukocytes in capillaries. In conclusion, physiologic and biologic characteristics of pulmonary microvessels appear to be quite different from those of the systemic microcirculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[The use of low dose midazolam for the management of spinal anesthesia].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low dose midazolam (MZ) on memories and ease of management of spinal anesthesia. The low doses of MZ were administered to 70 patients (ASA 1-2), of whom 37 patients were premedicated with atropine sulfate 0.5 mg and pethidine hydrochloride (group P), with 33 patients receiving no premedication (group N). Double blind randomized trials were conducted with the doses of MZ (0, 0.03, 0.06 mg.kg-1), and MZ was administered i.v. to patients just prior to spinal puncture. The short-term and long-term memories were impaired after administration of MZ in both groups. We conclude that MZ appears to be a suitable replacement for other benzodiazepines for relieving anxiety of patients during surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Brain perfusion SPECT in Lyme neuroborreliosis.

SPECT imaging brain perfusion using 99mTc-HMPAO was performed on a 38-yr-old women with Lyme neuroborreliosis confirmed by autopsy. The patient had been suspected of spinocerebellar degeneration. Cerebral blood flow was diffusely decreased throughout cerebral cortices but cerebellar blood flow was not impaired, which indicated that the diagnosis was unlikely spinocerebellar degeneration. These findings suggested that brain perfusion SPECT provides useful information in diagnosing the patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis, especially when spinocerebellar degeneration is included in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Pharmacological profile of a novel synthetic inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.

Pharmacological properties of NK-104 ((+)-monocalcium bis¿(3R,5S,6E)-7-[2-cyclopropyl-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-quinolyl++ +]-3,5-dihydroxy-6- heptenoate¿, CAS 147526-32-7), a novel synthetic inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, were investigated. The kinetic study, using rat liver microsomal HMG-CoA reductase, revealed that NK-104 is a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase with a Ki of 1.7 nmol/l. To examine the inhibitory effect on sterol synthesis in vivo, de novo synthesis of sterols from [14C]acetate 3 h after oral administration of NK-104 was measured in rats. NK-104 showed marked inhibition in liver (ED50 0.13 mg/kg) and in ileum (ED50 0.20 mg/kg), but much weaker in the other tissues. The inhibitory effect of NK-104 on liver sterol synthesis lasted over 6 h, while that of pravastatin and simvastatin disappeared 6 h after administration of the drugs twice the ED50s. Due to induction of HMG-CoA reductase, initial suppression of hepatic sterol synthesis by pravastatin and simvastatin was compensated, and the cumulative change in hepatic sterol synthesis during 12 h after drug administration was remarkably negative only with long-acting NK-104. Hypolipidemic effects of NK-104 (0.03, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg p.o. for 2 weeks) were examined in beagle dogs. NK-104 reduced plasma total cholesterol dose-dependently (13.1, 18.5 and 20.2% at doses of 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, respectively), and also plasma triglycerides by 0.1 mg/kg or more. Pravastatin (1 and 3 mg/kg) and simvastatin (3 mg/kg) lowered plasma total cholesterol (14.0, 15.4 and 17.4%, respectively), but did not significantly affect plasma triglyceride levels. These results indicate that NK-104 is a potent, liver-selective, long-acting HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with a high cholesterol- and triglyceride-lowering potency.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[A case of mature teratoma perforated into the pericardial cavity].

A case of a 35-year-old woman with mature teratoma which was perforated into the pericardial cavity, was reported. She was admitted to our hospital for surgical treatment of anterior mediastinal tumor. On her 6th hospital day, she had high fever. A chest X-ray and UCG showed cardiomegaly and pericardial effusion. We diagnosed her as perforated teratoma into the pericardial cavity and the emergent operation was performed. The tumor adheeded to pericardium and a large quality of bloody effusion was found in the pericardial cavity. The tumor was removed with pericardium immediately. In this case, the mechanism of perforation was thought to be caused by infection and massive fluid influx into the cyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The change of hepatic energy status after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for hepatocellular carcinoma--a study using 31P-MRS].

In six patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) phosphomonoester (PME), phosphoric acid (Pi) and pH were measured before and after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The effectiveness of TAE was judged by the extent of lipiodol accumulation within the tumor and change in serum alphafetoprotein level. The pH within the tumor decreased 2-9 days after TAE in all the cases, and beta ATP/Pi ratio decreased when TAE was effective, whereas the ratio did not decrease when TAE was ineffective. The beta ATP/Pi ratio measured by 31P-MRS seems to be a useful, non-invasive marker of the anti-tumor effect of TAE, although further investigation is needed.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of vacuum cleaning of room floors and bed clothes of patients on house dust mites counts and clinical scores of atopic dermatitis. A double blind control trial].

By a randomized double blind control trial we studied the effect of vacuum cleaning of room floors, mattresses and quilts for twelve months on clinical symptoms and laboratory data of atopic dermatitis patients. All patients used the identical new vacuum cleaners. Thirty patients (3-12 years of age) with relatively stable skin conditions were randomly allocated to either of the following two groups. In the monitor group we visited patient's home every three weeks and mite specialists cleaned drastically the room floors, mattresses and quilts and the patient continued to clean in the same way in-between. In the control group we visited similarly but the cleaning was made insufficiently which was also followed by the patient. But, at 2 occasions (the first and the last visits), cleaning was made drastically also in the control group. Thus the mite numbers were counted precisely at the start and the end of the experiment both in the monitor and control groups. Each patient was seen every six weeks by the same doctor and estimated of his symptoms using our unique scoring system (Fig. 1). At the start and the end of the study, total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to house dust mites in the serum were evaluated. The monitor group showed a tendency to count smaller number of mites than the control group after a year, when there was a significant difference only in quilts. However, a statistically significant decrease in the mite counts was observed only in room floors and not in mattresses and quilts both in the monitor and control groups (Fig. 2). Clinical scores after a year significantly improved only in the monitor group and not in the control group (Fig. 3). Serum IgE value and specific antibody titer to house dust mites were not changed significantly after the trial in both groups. As a conclusion, vacuum cleaning of the patient's room improved the clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis but this could not be related to the reduction of house dust mite number.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Anesthesia in two patients with essential thrombocythemia].

Case 1. The patient was a 69-year-old man with essential thrombocythemia (ET), who underwent urgent laparotomy. On admission he was dehydrated and the platelet count was more than 160 x 10(4).microliter-1, with hematocrit of 50%. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine i.v. and maintained with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane in oxygen. Postoperative care included the administration of gabexate mesilate (GM) which is an antiplatelet agent. Case 2. An 84-year-old woman with ET was diagnosed as gastric cancer and elective gastrectomy was scheduled. The platelet count was more than 100 x 10(4).microliter-1. The patient was anesthetized with nitrous oxide and oxygen supplemented with fentanyl and mepivacaine via epidural catheter. Intravenous infusion of GM was performed at a rate of 1 mg.kg-1.hr-1 during surgery. PF-4 and beta-TG were measured. These are platelet releasing factors. The level of PF-4 decreased to normal level during this procedure. In conclusions, it will be important to use GM during anesthesia in order to avoid the complications such as myocardial or pulmonary infarction caused by thrombocythemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Characterization and expression of c-type lysozyme cDNA from Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

Lysozyme is a widely distributed enzyme located in the serum, skin mucus, and other organs of fish, which is responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of the cell walls of most bacteria. A c-type of lysozyme cDNA was cloned from a kidney cDNA library of the Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The cDNAs consisted of 612 bp, which coded for 143 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of Japanese flounder c-type lysozyme possessed 72.9%, 57.4%, and 65.4% identities with rainbow trout, chicken, and human c-type lysozymes, respectively. Comparison of the c-type lysozymes showed that the catalytic residues, the residues binding to sugar chains, and cysteine residues were completely conserved. Northern blot analysis indicated that the c-type lysozyme gene is apparently transcribed in the head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen, brain, and ovary of healthy flounder. When flounder were experimentally infected with Edwardsiella tarda, quantities of the c-type lysozyme mRNA increased in the head kidney, spleen, and ovary of the flounder.

Amino Acid Sequence↗