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Biomedical subjects

T Ando

Publications and source records attributed to T Ando.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Spinal cord morphology and pathology in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

We analysed nine autopsy cases of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) to elucidate the relationship between morphology and pathology of the spinal cord. The cross-sectional shape of the spinal cord at the most severely affected segment was classified into two categories: boomerang (convex lateral surfaces and concave anterior surface) and triangular (angular lateral surfaces and flat anterior surface). In the cases with a boomerang shape, even when the compression was severe, major pathological changes were restricted to the grey matter and the white matter was relatively well preserved. No secondary descending degeneration of the lateral columns was seen, and ascending degeneration of the posterior column was restricted to the fasciculus cuneatus whose fibres were derived from the affected segments. In the cases with a triangular shape, pathological changes were more severe, both white matter and grey matter were involved, and only the anterior columns were free of pathological changes. There were severe pathological changes over more than one segment, and both descending degeneration of the lateral pyramidal tracts and ascending degeneration of the posterior column, including the fasciculus gracilis, were observed. The transverse area of the spinal cord was > 60% of normal in most of the cases with a boomerang shape, but it was reduced to < 60% of normal in more than one segment in the cases with a triangular shape. The compression ratio of the spinal cord (sagittal diameter/transverse diameter x 100%) was not related to pathological changes. In conclusion, a triangular-shaped spinal cord with transverse area of < 60% of normal in more than one segment appeared to be associated with severe and irreversible pathological changes in cases of OPLL.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A multistate outbreak of oyster-associated gastroenteritis: implications for interstate tracing of contaminated shellfish.

In November 1993, clusters of gastroenteritis in six states following oyster consumption were investigated to identify common features, and stool samples were obtained to identify a pathogen. Efforts were made to account for all potentially contaminated oysters using harvest tags and the interstate recall system. Consumption of oysters was associated with illness in 10 clusters; no other food was implicated. A Norwalk-like virus was detected by electron microscopy in 9 of 18 samples and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 20 of 26 samples from 6 clusters. Nucleotide sequences of a 123-bp fragment from all specimens were identical, consistent with a common source outbreak. Implicated oysters were harvested from the Louisiana coast between 9 and 12 November. Although some were recalled and destroyed, most oysters harvested from the area during this time remain unaccounted for. Current regulations and commercial practices need to be revised to permit thorough tracing and recall of contaminated oysters and to improve control of future epidemics.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

A case of CREST syndrome associated with sick sinus syndrome.

Cardiac manifestations of the CREST syndrome or limited systemic sclerosis (ISSc) are very rare. We report a case of CREST syndrome associated with sick sinus syndrome. Histopathology of cardiac muscle revealed fibrotic changes, suggesting that such changes may be pathogenetically related to CREST syndrome.

CREST Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Heat shock proteins in the human periodontal disease process.

The production of HSP by periodontopathic Gram-negative bacteria was examined by SDS-PAGE, two dimensional gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting using monoclonal antibodies against HSPs. Strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Treponema socranskii species produced HSP which reacted with anti-Yersinia enterocolitica HSP 60 and/or mycobacterial 65-kDA HSP monoclonal antibodies. It found that gingival homogenate samples from patients with adult periodontitis reacted with anti-human HSP were also found in a serum sample from a periodontitis patient. The present study suggests that HSPs are implicated in human periodontal disease process.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Detection of astroviruses from stool samples in Japan using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.

We developed a reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method for detecting astrovirus serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 (but not serotype 4). Furthermore, we developed the specific primers for detecting serotypes 1 and 2, the most predominant serotypes in the world. Sensitivity of the first PCR with serotype common primers was about 10 times higher than that of enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibody (EIA-MAb). Sensitivity of the second PCR with the serotype-specific primers was even higher. The RT-PCR method was useful for detecting astroviruses from clinical samples, especially serotypes 1 and 2.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Detection and differentiation of antigenically distinct small round-structured viruses (Norwalk-like viruses) by reverse transcription-PCR and southern hybridization.

Application of reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to detect small round-structured viruses (SRSVs) from fecal specimens of patients with gastroenteritis has been insensitive because of the tremendous sequence heterogeneity between strains. We have designed two RT-PCR primer sets (G-1 and G-2) based on the nucleotide sequence diversity in the RNA polymerase gene of SRSVs belonging to two distinct genogroups represented by Norwalk virus (primers G-1) and Snow Mountain agent (primers G-2). All 22 SRSV strains examined that had been classified previously by solid-phase immune electron microscopy into four antigenic types (UK1, UK2, UK3, and UK4) could be detected by RT-PCR with these two primer sets. The G-1 primer set detected 6 UK2 strains, and the G-2 primers detected 16 strains, including 7 UK1, 5 UK3, and 4 UK4 strains. On the basis of nucleotide sequences of 81-bp fragments of the RT-PCR products from 13 strains determined in this study, together with those previously reported for 17 SRSV strains, we designed four sets of internal oligonucleotide probes (P1-A, P1-B, P2-A, and P2-B) for Southern hybridization, using chemiluminescent detection. The P1-A probe hybridized with PCR products from the UK2 strains; the P1-B probe, with products from two of the seven UK1 strains; the P2-A probe, with four of the remaining five UK1 strains; and the P2-B probe, with products from both UK3 and UK4 strains, as well as with one strain originally typed as UK1 which showed cross-reactivity with UK4 upon retesting by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. RT-PCR with both the G-1 and the G-2 primer sets can increase the detection rate of the many antigenically distinct SRSVs and, when combined with Southern hybridization, may predict the antigenic type of the SRSV associated with infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Use of solid-phase immune electron microscopy for classification of Norwalk-like viruses into six antigenic groups from 10 outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States.

Norwalk-like viruses observed in fecal specimens from 10 outbreaks of gastroenteritis investigated in the United States between 1987 and 1992 were analyzed by solid-phase immune electron microscopy. Outbreak virus strains were classified into six antigenic groups: the four types (UK1 to UK4) previously defined in the United Kingdom, Norwalk virus, and the Oklahoma agent that was newly defined in this study. The diversity of antigenic types demonstrated in these outbreaks was greater than previously recognized and will serve as a basis for characterization of these strains at the molecular level.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1995

Intracerebroventricular injection of prostaglandin E2 increases splenic sympathetic nerve activity in rats.

The effects of central administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its selective agonists on splenic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) were investigated in urethan- and alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats. An intra-third-cerebroventricular (13V) injection of PGE2 (0.1-10 nmol/kg) increased splenic SNA in a dose-dependent manner. An I3V injection of an EP1 agonist, 17-phenyl-omega-trinor PGE2 (1-30 nmol/kg), also resulted in a dose-dependent increase in splenic SNA, with a time course similar to that of PGE2-induced responses. In contrast, EP2 agonists, butaprost (10-100 nmol/kg I3V) and 11-deoxy-PGE1 (10-100 nmol/kg I3V), had no effect on splenic SNA. An I3V injection of M & B-28767 (an EP3/EP1 agonist, EP3 >> EP1) increased splenic SNA only at high doses (10-100 nmol/kg). Pretreatment with an EP1 antagonist, SC-19220 (200 and 500 nmol/kg), completely blocked the responses of splenic SNA to PGE2 (0.1 nmol/kg) and M & B-28767 (10 nmol/kg), respectively. These findings indicate that brain PGE2 increases splenic SNA through its action on EP1 receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cellular immunity in hemodialysis patients: a quantitative analysis of immune cell subsets by flow cytometry.

Immune cell subsets, when measured by two-color flow cytometry in a population of 129 hemodialysis patients, showed significant variance from normal values. Lymphopenia, decreased absolute counts, and altered percentage values of immune cells were found. Increased proportions of CD3+, T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta + cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes were present. An abnormally high percentage of a subset of activated TCR alpha beta + cells (alpha beta + DR+) was also seen in hemodialysis patients. The proportion of B lymphocytes was found to be significantly lower as compared with controls. Relative values for TCR gamma delta+cells, both for activated (gamma delta + DR+) and nonactivated (gamma delta + DR-) subsets, as well as for CD8+ lymphocytes and natural killer cells did not vary from those of normal controls. Also, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio showed no significant change. Analysis of absolute counts of the investigated immune cell populations revealed significantly decreased numbers for the majority of subsets, as a result of the preexisting lymphocytopenia, characteristic of end-stage renal disease. We conclude that profound quantitative alterations of immune cells, including TCR+T cells subsets, exist in hemodialysis patients. These account, at least in part, for the immune dysregulation associated with chronic renal failure.

B-Lymphocyte Subsets↗
PubMed1995

Effect of saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to on the stress-induced increase of serum corticosterone in mice.

The effect of Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to (SRBT) on the stress-induced enhancement of serum corticosterone in various stress models was investigated in mice. The serum corticosterone was elevated significantly by immobilized stress, forced-swim stress, electric-shock stress, psychological stress and conditioned-fear stress, respectively. The concentration in the last two models was decreased in a dose-dependent manner by pre-administration of SRBT (10, 60, 100, 600 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.). Therefore, this action seems to be effective in stress involving emotional factors but ineffective in physical stress models. These results indicate that the anti-stress effect of SRBT is dependent strongly on the degree of psychological change compared with physical change in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Leuprolide acetate prevents toxic effects of cisplatin on the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract.

We examined the protective effects of medical castration by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHA) on the toxic effects of cisplatin in rats. Twelve days after a s.c. injection of a slowly-releasable form of leuprolide acetate (GnRHASR), rats were injected i.p. with cisplatin daily (3 mg/kg body weight (BW) for males and 4 mg/kg BW for females) for four days and sacrificed 24 h after the last injection. The doses caused acute tubular necrosis and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, i.e., diarrhea and fluid retention and bleeding in GI tract. GnRHASR pretreatment reduced serum urea nitrogen (SUN) and serum creatinine (SCre) increase and the incidence of GI symptoms. Histological analysis showed that rats pretreated with GnRHASR had noticeably less kidney damage. GnRHA thus demonstrated its ability to protect the kidneys and GI tract against cisplatin toxicity in both male and female rats. This finding suggests a potential clinical application of GnRHA in antineoplastic chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Thermophysiological effects of two different types of clothing under warm temperatures.

This paper is aimed to investigate which part of the body should be uncovered by clothing for the heat stress to be lessened under the influence of an ambient temperature increase from 32 degrees C to 40 degrees C. Two types of clothing were used as experimental garments: one was turtle necklined sports jacket with short sleeves and short pants (HALF) and the other was open round necklined sports jackets with long sleeves and short pants (OPEN). Both types of clothing were made of 100% vinyl. Uncovered area was same between HALF and OPEN. Five males volunteered as subjects. The subjects wearing either HALF or OPEN sat quietly in a bioclimatic chamber for 160 min, where ambient temperature (Ta) was gradually increased from 32 degrees C to 40 degrees C by 2 degrees C every 30 min with a relative humidity of 40%. Thermophysiological parameters such as esophageal temperature (Tes), tympanic temperature (Tty), local sweat rate, skin temperatures at 11 sites and evaporation were continuously measured. Main findings are as follows: 1) Tty was kept lower significantly in HALF than in OPEN during warm exposure. 2) An increase of local sweat rate was significantly lower in HALF. 3) Skin temperature at abdomen region was kept lower significantly in HALF, reflecting lower core temperature in HALF. It is concluded that HALF seems more beneficial than OPEN in reducing heat strain during warm exposure, due to more effective cooling by evaporation from the uncovered forearms (HALF) than from the uncovered upper trunk (OPEN).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Neuroimaging and pathology of the spinal cord in compressive cervical myelopathy].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has enabled us to see the spinal intramedullary pathology as differences in signal intensity. Intramedullary high intensity lesions were observed on T2-weighted MRI in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (20.0%) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine (25.7%). The frequency of this findings was proportional to the clinical severity of myelopathy and degree of spinal cord compression. The pathophysiological basis of such signal abnormality was presumed to vary from acute edema to chronic myelomalacia. The intramedullary lesion on MRI is considered to be the main site of lesion responsible for the neurological symptom because of a good correlation between the neurological level and high intensity level. We found from nine autopsy cases of OPLL that there are distinct differences in severity and extent of pathological changes between the spinal cord with a boomerang-shaped cross-section and that with a triangular-shaped cross-section. In the boomerang-shaped cases, major pathological changes were restricted to the gray matter and the white matter was relatively well preserved. Secondary wallerian degeneration was restricted to the fasciclus cuneatus the fibers of which were derived from the affected segments. In the cases of a triangular shape, pathological changes were more severe, both white and gray matter were involved. There were severe pathological changes over more than one segment, and both descending degeneration of the lateral pyramidal tracts and ascending degeneration of the posterior column, including the fasciclus gracilis, were observed. In conclusion, it is clinically very important to understand the pathological basis of the compressed spinal cord on neuroimages.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1995

[Production of a monoclonal antibody against Cry j 2].

The peptide possessing N-terminal 10 amino acid sequence of Cry j 2 was chemically synthesized and conjugated to KLH-carrier protein. Rabbits were immunized with this haptenized protein and the antibody (N-10 antibody) was obtained. Cross-blot analysis revealed that N-10 antibody recognized the hapten moiety. Purification of Cry j 2 was carried out with monitoring its reactivity with N-10 antibody. The substance reactive to N-10 antibody existed in the DEAE-Sephadex unadsorbed fraction. The substance reactive to N-10 antibody was subjected to CM-Sephadex equilibrated with 10 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.0). In contrast to the previous report on Cry j 2, the substance reactive to N-10 antibody existed in the CM-Sephadex unadsorbed fraction. The CM-Sephadex unadsorbed fraction was concentrated with 80% saturated ammonium sulfate, and applied to a Superdex pg 200 column. The major peak of protein was regarded as the final preparation and was subjected to SDS-PAGE. The substance reactive to N-10 antibody had a MW of 40 kDa under reducing and 37 kDa under non-reducing conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the substance reactive to N-10 antibody showed potent allergenic activity. These data completely agreed with the previous data on Cry j 2 and strongly suggested that the final preparation contained a large amount of Cry j 2. BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with the final preparation to produce a monoclonal antibody against Cry j 2. Eleven clones reacting to the final preparation were obtained, and the antibodies produced from these clones did not react with purified Cry j 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Allergens↗