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Biomedical subjects

T Ando

Publications and source records attributed to T Ando.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Contrast between effects of aminobisphosphonates and non-aminobisphosphonates on collagen-induced arthritis in mice.

1. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are inhibitors of bone resorption, and many derivatives have been developed for the treatment of enhanced bone resorption. Aminobisphosphonates (aminoBPs) are particularly potent in this respect. We have shown previously that aminoBPs, such as 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (AHBuBP), induce histidine decarboxylase, the enzyme forming histamine, and increase macrophages, granulocytes and osteoclast numbers. Non-aminoBPs do not show this activity. 2. In the present study, an additional aminoBP, cycloheptyl-aminomethylene bisphosphonate (CHAMBP), was shown to have similar properties to AHBuBP suggesting that these actions are common among aminoBPs. 3. In experiments carried out to determine if aminoBPs affect immune responses, we found that CHAMBP and AHBuBP each exacerbated the arthritis induced in mice by the co-injection of type II collagen and an adjuvant, a model for rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast, dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (C12MBP), a typical non-aminoBP, did suppress the arthritis. 4. On the basis of these results, and those obtained previously, we propose that the exacerbating effects of CHAMBP and AHBuBP may be related to their ability to stimulate the synthesis of histamine and to increase macrophages and granulocytes. Conversely, we propose that the suppressive effect of C12MBP on arthritis is related to its cytotoxic action on macrophages or granulocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Detection and analysis of a small round-structured virus strain in oysters implicated in an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis.

Outbreaks of shellfish-transmitted viral disease occur periodically, but frequently the causative agent is not identified. In November 1993, during investigation of a multistate outbreak of acute gastroenteritis, incriminated lots of oysters were collected. Oyster tissues (stomachs and digestive diverticula) were processed for virus extraction and nucleic acid purification. Human calicivirus sequences were sought by reverse transcriptase PCR using different primer sets. Amplicons were obtained from 9 of 10 shellfish samples from four different lots when primers specific for the outbreak virus strain were used. The specificity of the amplification was confirmed by hybridization. The amplicons from the nine positive oysters were cloned and sequenced. The sequence of each of the clones was identical to the others but showed some variation (7 of 81 bp) from the sequences obtained from the stools of three persons made III by the outbreak.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Is pre-intervention intravascular ultrasound necessary in evaluating target lesion calcification in patients undergoing transcatheter therapy?

To identify a subset of patients with a high probability of extensive calcification for further intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examination, the frequency and extent of target lesion calcification as assessed by IVUS and its correlations with age, gender and risk factors as well as the value of angiography in identifying ultrasound calcification were analyzed in 88 patients undergoing balloon angioplasty for significant coronary atherosclerotic stenosis. The extent of calcification was semi-quantitatively graded as 0: no calcification; +: calcification arc < 90 degrees; ++: calcification arc from 90 degrees to 180 degrees; : calcification arc > 180 degrees. The distribution pattern of calcification was classified as superficial, deep or mixed. The results indicate: (1) the frequency of target lesion calcification was 38.6%, of which 52.9% showed a superficial pattern and 56.0% had a calcification arc < 90 degrees; and (2) only age was significantly associated with target lesion calcification in all of the patients. The frequency of calcification was remarkably higher in patients > or = 60 years old than in patients < or = 60 years old (61.9% vs 17.4%, p < 0.001); (3) among patients less than 60 years old, those with calcification had a higher average number of risk factors than those without; and (4) the total sensitivity of angiography in identifying ultrasound calcification was 43.6%, with a significantly higher sensitivity for calcification arc > 180 degrees and mixed pattern. In conclusion, pre-intervention IVUS may be necessary in patients > or = 60 years old and in those < 60 years old with more than two risk factors in selecting devices to optimize interventional strategies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Plasma concentrations of atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides and endothelin-1 in patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

We measured plasma concentrations of atrial, brain, and C-type natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP, respectively) and endothelin-1 in 20 patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) to establish whether these peptides are increased in patient groups with CRD (group A, PaO2 > or = 60 mm Hg; group B, PaO2 < 60 mm Hg) and whether a correlation exists between the levels of natriuretic peptides or endothelin-1, and blood gas variables. In patients receiving long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), plasma ANP, BNP, and endothelin-1 were compared before and after LTOT. We compared the levels of plasma ANP, BNP, and endothelin-1 in the presence or absence of right heart overloading (RHO) found in the ECG. Plasma ANP and BNP levels in group B patients were higher than those in group A and control subjects, and endothelin-1 in group B patients was higher than in control subjects. Inverse correlations were found between PaO2 and levels of plasma ANP, BNP, and endothelin-1. Plasma ANP, BNP, and endothelin-1 decreased significantly 25.4 days after LTOT. In 10 patients with RHO findings in the ECG, plasma ANP and BNP levels were significantly elevated compared with those in patients without RHO. These findings show that plasma ANP, BNP, and endothelin-1 are elevated according to the degree of hypoxemia, and they suggest that decreases in plasma ANP, BNP, and endothelin-1 may be used as indexes of the improvement by LTOT, and that plasma ANP and BNP may represent markers of RHO.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Direct effects of estradiol and tamoxifen on gene expressions of inhibit alpha- and beta A-subunits in rat granulosa cells in vitro.

To analyze direct effects of estrogen on gene expressions of inhibin subunits in vitro, the mRNA levels of inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits were measured in rat granulosa cells cultured with FSH or estradiol. Through the culture process of the granulosa cells with serum-free medium, both the alpha- and beta A subunit mRNAs decreased, and were partially increased again by adding FSH to the culture medium. To examine whether these FSH effects are mediated via estrogen production, estradiol or tamoxifen was added to the cultured granulosa cells. After 36-h culture with estradiol, the inhibin alpha-subunit decreased but the inhibin beta A-subunit increased, in a dose-responsive manner. Tamoxifen showed completely opposite effects to estradiol, and a combination of estradiol and tamoxifen resulted in similar levels of inhibin-alpha and -beta A mRNAs to the control. These results indicate that estrogen would by a certain pathway affect gene expressions of the inhibin subunits in the rat granulosa cells, and may regulate the production of inhibin and activin through the paracrine system.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Secondary carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency in chronic renal failure and secondary hyperparathyroidism.

A 14-year-old girl, having mental and growth retardation with end stage renal disease, was affected by a stroke-like attack. The attack was associated with transient low density areas at both sides of the parietal portion on head CT. Lactic acidosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, angina pectoris-like attacks, hypertension and hyperparathyroidism were also observed and they were supposedly due to mitochondrial cytopathy. No morphological or biochemical abnormalities were found on the mitochondrial respiratory chain. However, muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was significantly low, which was restored to a normal level after hyperparathyroidism was controlled by alphacalcidol administration. Furthermore, we also found two more chronic renal failure patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, as well as the primary hyperparathyroidism patient showing markedly low muscle CPT activity. These findings suggest the possible contribution of parathyroid hormone to lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle and to the myopathic manifestations often seen in hyperparathyroidism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and effects of furosemide on ABR in conscious F344 rats.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the variations in the normal auditory brainstem response (ABR) between the F344 and Wistar rats. It was also investigated whether strain differences exist in the ABR profiles of each strain of rat given furosemide, which induced ototoxicity. The typical waveform of ABRs in the F344 rats were similar to those observed in the Wistar rats. There were no significant differences between the strains in almost all parameters, but peak latencies from P1 to P3 in the F344 rats tended to be longer than those in the Wistar rats. After a single intravenous injection of furosemide, the minimum effective dosage levels, at which each peak of the ABR disappeared, were 53.3 +/- 8.2 and 70.0 +/- 8.9 mg/kg in the F344 and Wistar rats, respectively. A single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg furosemide delayed the reversal of decrease in amplitude, prolongation of peak latency and the reappearance time in F344 rats. Thus, the normal waveform of ABR was comparable in the F344 and Wistar rats, but a tendency towards a prolongation in each latency was noted in the F344 rat. The results also suggested that the ABR of F344 rats were more vulnerable to furosemide ototoxicity than that of Wistar rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[A procedure for recording electroretinogram (ERG) and effect of sodium iodate on ERG in mice].

A procedure for recording the electroretinogram (ERG) in mice with a coiled stainless steel-type electrode was developed in order to examine retinal toxicity. Mice received a single i.v. of sodium iodate (SI), a retinotoxic compound, via the tail vein at a dose of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg, and the ERG was recorded periodically for 28 days after dosing. In addition, the retina was examined histopathologically on day 30 after dosing. 1. The mice were anesthetized with mixed anesthetics of urethane, xylazine and ketamine after 30 to 60 min of dark-adaptation. Sixteen responses to repetitive 1.2 J light stimuli at a frequency of 0.2 or 0.1 Hz were averaged by a microcomputer. Body temperature of the mice was kept constant at 37 to 38 degrees C using a thermostatically controlled heating mat. Under these conditions, stable ERG a-wave, b-wave, oscillatory potentials and c-wave could be recorded for 28 days. 2. SI at doses of 25 mg/kg or more caused depression of the amplitudes of the oscillatory potentials, and enhancement of the a- and b-wave amplitudes, while the c-wave was already extinguished on day 1 after dosing. Following these changes, the amplitudes of the a- and b-wave decreased from day 3 or 7 after dosing. These changes did not recover until day 28 after dosing. 3. Upon histopathologic examination of the retina, folding of the outer nuclear layer, disarrangement of the rods and cones, decrease of the visual cells and swelling and decrease of the pigment epithelial cells were observed with SI at 25 mg/kg or more. 4. Using this recording technique, it was confirmed that a stable ERG was recorded repeatedly for 28 days in mice, and the effects of SI on the ERG could be detected. Histopathologic findings in the retina revealed the abnormal portions were correlated well with the changes in the ERG. These results indicate that the ERG recording procedure developed in this study is useful for evaluating retinal toxicity in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lamina propria mononuclear cells express and respond to interleukin-2 differently in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for interleukin-2 (IL-2) were analyzed using lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Compared with control LPMC, Crohn's disease (CD) LPMC exhibited significantly higher levels of LAK cell activity, whereas ulcerative colitis (UC) cells showed significantly lower levels of cytolytic activity with a difference in the frequency of CD3+, CD56+ and CD3+, CD56+ LAK precursor cells. After incubation with IL-2, the proportion of CD3+, CD56+ lymphocytes continued to be higher in CD cultures and substantially lower in UC cultures. Freshly isolated CD LPMC exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-2 mRNA than controls. However, no significant difference was observed between UC and control cells. The level of IL-2 expression or responsiveness to IL-2 may be responsible for different mucosal immune reactivity between CD and UC patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-8 activity correlates with histological severity in Helicobacter pylori-associated antral gastritis.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the background histology, interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion, and expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein, using the gastric antral mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. METHODS: The antral biopsies were obtained from an area of endoscopically intact mucosa in 147 patients whose endoscopic diagnoses were normal (n = 41), duodenal ulcer (n = 58), gastric ulcer (n = 21), or gastritis (n = 27). Levels of IL-8 secreted in the organ cultures of mucosal biopsies were measured by an ELISA assay, and the expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein was analyzed in fresh biopsy tissues with RT-PCR and immunofluorescent microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: Significantly greater levels of IL-8 were secreted in patients with H. pylori infection, and its elevation was more prominent in duodenal ulcer patients than in those with gastric ulcer or endoscopically defined gastritis. There was an association among H. pylori density, IL-8 activity, and histological severity of activity and inflammation of gastritis in the Sydney system. Consistent with enhanced IL-8 activity in the organ cultures, IL-8 mRNA was detected in 16 of 23 fresh biopsy tissues studied in H. pylori-positive patients. In contrast, IL-8 transcript was detected in only one of 12 H. pylori-negative cases. Immunofluorescent microscopy showed localization of IL-8 protein in the gastric epithelial cells and lamina propria cells, primarily CD68+ macrophages in specimens with H. pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that a strong correlation exists between mucosal IL-8 activity and histological severity in H. pylori-associated antral gastritis. Further studies will be necessary to determine the mechanisms involved in elevated mucosal IL-8 activity in H. pylori infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis in cases with cavity as sequela of tuberculosis].

Non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is frequently seen in cases with cavity as sequela of tuberculosis. Diagnosis of non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is not easy except for cases whose chest X-ray findings show a typical fungus ball. How to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis was studied in 21 patients who showed changes in the radiological findings of cavity as sequela of tuberculosis. We made sputum culture of Aspergillus, measurement of precipitin antibody titer to Aspergillus fumigatus and measurement of PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in serum and sputum on the 21 patients (group A). PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in sputum was evaluated in three grades: 1+ approximately 3+. We diagnosed 14 patients as pulmonary aspergillosis (PA group) among the 21 patients taking into account the chest X-ray findings and the results of the above-stated investigations. The types of chest X-ray findings of these 14 patients were fungus ball type (FB) in 2 patients, productive aspergilloma on the inner wall of a cavity (PAIC) in 8, mixed type with FB and PAIC in 2 and non-specific change in 2. However, there were 3 patients with the chest X-ray findings suggestive of PAIC in 7 patients (non-PA group) who were not diagnosed as pulmonary aspergillosis. Sputum culture were positive in 11 patients of PA group (79%) and negative in all patients of non-PA group. Precipitin antibody were positive in 8 patients of PA group (67%) and negative in all patients of non-PA group. PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in serum were negative in all 21 patients. PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in sputum were 3+ (+3) in all 14 patients of PA group and in 2 patients of non-PA group and 2+ (+2) in 2 patients of non-PA group. 12 patients of PA group were treated by antifungal agents and 11 patients responded well to the treatment. We also made sputum culture of Aspergillus and measurement of PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in sputum on 14 patients (group B) who had respiratory diseases with stable cavities and 17 patients (group C) who had respiratory diseases without a cavity. In group B, sputum culture were positive in 1 patient and PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in sputum were 3+ (+3) in 2 patients, 2+ (+2) in 1 and 1+ (+) in 2. In group C, sputum culture were negative in all patients and PASTOREX ASPERGILLUS in sputum were 3+ (+3) in 1 patient, 2+ (+2) in 3 and 1+ (+) in 2. Measurement of PASTOREX in sputum was a useful tool to diagnose non-invasive aspergillosis in addition to sputum culture and measurement of precipitin antibody titer. The sensitivity of PASTOREX in sputum was high but its specificity was low, however, its specificity could be raised by applying semi-quantitative analysis of PASTOREX in sputum.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of one stage operation for primary lung cancer and abdominal aortic aneurysm].

A 75-year-old male patient of primary lung cancer associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm was operated successfully in one stage. Right S2, S3 lung cancer was resected first and then aortic aneurysm was replaced with a Dacron graft. Both disease should be operated upon as early as possible. Low dose heparin usage did not disturb the operation. This case is the third reported case of one stage operation in Japan.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

[A case of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) with diabetes mellitus].

Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is an autosomal dominant neuropathy recently reported to be associated with deletion of the peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP-22) gene. We report a 39-year-old man with recurrent brachial plexopathy and foot drop complicated by uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). Right foot drop occurred at 31 years of the age and the patient subsequently experienced difficulty in raising his right arm. Neurological examination revealed weakness of the right deltoid, biceps muscles and tibialis anterior muscles. Deep tendon reflexes were generally absent. Sensory nerve conduction velocities in th ulnar, median and sural nerves were prolonged. Serum glucose and HB Alc levels were elevated to 468 mg/dl and 12.5%, respectively. Initially, it was difficult to diagnose the neuropathy as HNPP because the patient had poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and was unaware of similar disease in his family. In addition, focal asymmetric motor neuropathy and good recovery can develop in diabetes mellitus, occasionally with recurrence. We were able to make a final diagnosis of HNPP by detecting deletion of the PMP-22 gene region. After the diagnosis was confirmed, we examined the patient's family and found that his father experienced recurrent episodes of bilateral foot drop. This case suggests that gene analysis is sometimes essential in the differential diagnosis of hereditary peripheral neuropathies.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of invasive thymoma made resectable by preoperative chemotherapy].

A 25-year-old male patient of invasive thymoma was referred to our institute on March'95. He had night coughs and on the annual chest X ray exam a large tumor was found in antero-superior mediastinum. At first his tumor was too large to be resected and left brachiocephalic vein was completely occluded. By needle biopsy it was proved to be thymoma, therefore, preoperative chemotherapy was planned. The tumor responded well to the two courses of ADOC (ADM, CDDP, VCR, CAP) therapy and the tumor seemed to become resectable. In June operation was performed and the tumor was resected completely. It appears that in case of stage Ill invasive thymoma, preoperative chemotherapy is one of the choices although it seems unresectable.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Lumen and wall morphology of mild coronary dilatation assessed by in vivo intravascular ultrasound.

The in vivo features of the wall and lumen of mild coronary dilatation associated with atherosclerosis and the relationship with coronary ectasia were investigated by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging of 11 patients with angiographically-proven mild coronary dilatation. Maximal luminal diameter, thickness of the inner echogenic layer and echolucent zone, and frequency of calcification of the dilatation sites were compared with those of proximal adjacent normal sites. The results showed that : luminal diameter by angiography was significantly larger at the dilatation site and the ratio of dilatation/normal diameter was 1.27 +/- 0.07; the maximal luminal diameter of the dilatation site by IVUS was greater than that of the normal site (4.56 +/- 0.87 vs 3.94 +/- 0.61 mm, p< 0.01); the thickness of the inner echogenic layer and echolucent zone increased significantly at the dilatation site over the normal site (0.48 +/- 0.12 vs 0.17 +/- 0.14 mm and 0.53 +/- 0.17 vs 0.10 +/- 0.10 mm, p< 0.001, respectively); calcification occurred more frequently at the dilatation site (54.5% vs 9.1%, p< 0.05). The thickened inner echogenic layer and echolucent zone and a high frequency of calcification were observed by in vivo IVUS in the wall of angiographically-defined mild coronary dilatation lesions caused by atherosclerosis.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1996

Purification and characterization of rhesus monkey liver amido hydrolases and their roles in the metabolic polymorphism for E6123, a platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist.

We previously showed that a polymorphism for E6123 [(S)-(+)-6- (2-chlorophenyl)-3-cyclopropanecarbonyl-8,11-dimethyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-8H-pyrido[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]diazepine] metabolism exists only in rhesus monkeys. In the present study, we purified, from rhesus monkey hepatic microsomes, three amido hydrolases that are involved in the metabolic polymorphism. Two forms of amido hydrolase from an extensive metabolizer and one from a poor metabolizer were purified by Q-Sepharose Fast Flow, Red A-agarose, octylamino-Sepharose 4B, and hydroxyapatite-Ultrogel chromatography, after solubilization with Lubrol. The three purified enzymes had the same molecular mass (47 kDa), and their amino-terminal amino acid sequences were identical. The enzymes were different from various known carboxylesterases in terms of substrate specificity, molecular mass, and amino-terminal amino acid sequence. They resembled arylacetamide deacetylase from human hepatic microsomes with respect to molecular mass and amino-terminal amino acid sequence. The KM values of the high and low affinity enzymes in the extensive metabolizer and the sole enzyme in the poor metabolizer were 37.6, 73.0, and 76.5 microM, respectively. The Vmax values were 3312.4, 504.8, and 427.9 pmol/min/mg of protein, respectively. The high affinity enzyme in extensive metabolizer appears to be quite distinct, whereas the low affinity enzyme in extensive metabolizer in similar or identical to the sole enzyme in poor metabolizer. Thus, the metabolic polymorphism in rhesus monkey may depend upon the existence of the high affinity enzyme in extensive metabolizer.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1996

[Recurrence of stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy].

During the 11-year period from September 1984 through August 1995, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was performed on 5,558 patients using a Dornier HM3 apparatus. A recurrence questionnaire was sent out to 2,379 of those who had had complete elimination of the calculi and for whom at least 3 years had passed since the ESWL. The last day of follow-up was defined as follows: the day of completion of the questionnaire in the recurrence-free group (n = 787), the day when recurrence of calculi was diagnosed in the recurrence group (n = 415) and the day of the last visit to the outpatient clinic in the miscellaneous group (n = 1,133). The cumulative recurrence rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier equation. The resultant data were analyzed for statistically significant differences by the log rank test and the generalized Wilcoxon test. Ap value of < or = 0.05 was considered to indicate significance. The recurrence rate was examined for differences in relation to the following risk factors: the patients' age and sex, the stone location, size and number, the presence or absence of past history of lithiasis, the composition of the stone (s), and the presence or absence of urinary tract complications. The cumulative recurrence rates for the total cases were 2.0% at one year, 13.1% at 3 years, 23.9% at 5 years, 30.7% at 7 years and 40.7% at 10 years. Significantly higher recurrence rates were found for patients under 60 years of age, those with multiple stones and those with a past history of disease.

Female↗