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Biomedical subjects

T Ando

Publications and source records attributed to T Ando.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Distribution of cellular carbohydrate moieties in human dysontogenetic brain tumors, especially in craniopharyngioma and epidermoid/dermoid.

Cellular carbohydrate moieties of 65 human dysonotogenetic brain tumors (craniopharyngioma, epidermoid/dermoid, Rathke cleft cyst, germinoma and non-germinomatous germ-cell tumors) and 60 common brain tumors (glioma, meningioma, neurinoma and pituitary adenoma) were investigated histochemically using sections from Ulex europaeus (UEA-1), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), peanut (PNA) and soybean (SBA), and with anti-blood group A and LewisY (LeyY) antibodies. In craniopharyngiomas and epidermoid/dermoids, it was found that PNA and SBA binding sites existed in suprabasal cells of the epithelium, and that antigen of either blood group A or H (demonstrable by UEA-1) existed in more differentiated epithelial cells compared to the results reported in normal human skin epidermis. Rathke cleft cysts were stained with PNA or SBA, and two out of three Rathke cleft cysts also expressed either H or A antigen. In addition, DBA binding sites, as well as LeY antigen, were frequently seen in craniopharyngiomas and Rathke cleft cysts, but they were entirely absent in the epithelium of epidermoid/dermoid. On the other hand, PNA and SBA reactivities was also found in common brain tumors, while blood group A, H and LeY antigens and DBA reactivity were almost absent in these tumors. These findings demonstrate that carbohydrate moieties such as those of blood group antigens reported to be found in human skin epidermis exist in a similar form in craniopharyngioma, epidermoid/dermoid and the Rathke cleft cyst. The identification of blood group A, H and LeY antigens and DBA reactivity in brain tumors seems to be considerably limited and specific.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

Dolichos biflorus agglutinin binding to intracranial germ-cell tumors: detection of embryonal components in germinomas.

Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) binding was examined in 32 cases of intracranial human germ-cell tumors. In embryonal carcinomas, intense DBA binding sites were found on the free surface and cytoplasm of embryonal cells. In teratomas, glandular structures often had positive DBA binding sites. Yolk sac carcinomas and choriocarcinomas showed negative DBA affinity. Of 19 cases of germinomas, 10 showed no DBA-positive cells, while sporadically and/or collectively distributed-DBA positive cells were found in the other 9 cases. Common brain tumors such as gliomas, neurinomas and meningiomas were negative for DBA staining. Considering the cellular carbohydrate structure, these findings suggest that DBA-positive cells in germinoma might be evidence of differentiation into embryonal or some somatic components. In addition, because of the absence of DBA binding sites in the common brain tumors, the identification of such binding sites in brain tumors might act as a marker for embryonal or somatic components, especially among germ-cell tumors.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Ocular convergence-related neuronal responses in the lateral suprasylvian area of alert cats.

Neuronal spike discharges were recorded from the lateral suprasylvian (LS) area while ocular convergence was elicited in five alert cats. Ocular convergence was elicited by presenting a visual target moving in depth. Cats were rewarded for convergence eye movement. In 9 out of 426 cells sampled in the caudal postero-medial LS area, the number of spikes was positively correlated with the peak eye velocities during ocular convergence. Significant correlation was found mostly within 400 ms preceding the moment at which the maximum velocity of ocular convergence was obtained. The result favors the hypothesis that the LS area plays an important role in the integrative control of ocular convergence.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changes in superoxide dismutase activity in the gastric mucosa of peptic ulcer patients.

A highly sensitive chemiluminescence method for determining superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in human gastric mucosa obtained by endoscopic biopsy is described. As the chemiluminescence probe, we used Cypridina luciferin analogue (CLA), a very sensitive and specific probe to detect superoxide generated from hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. SOD activity in the gastric mucosa was assayed by the inhibition of CLA-dependent chemiluminescence in highly diluted tissue homogenates. SOD activity was distributed throughout the gastric mucosa. The marginal mucosa of peptic ulcers showed significantly lower SOD activity when the ulcer was in the active stage, and during the healing stage showed high activity when compared to the endoscopically normal adjacent mucosa of the same patients. The preliminary data suggest that enzymatic SOD in the gastric mucosa may play an important role in the pathogenic and healing processes of human peptic ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses in Tokyo].

Of 34 non-bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks which occurred at day-care centers, kindergartens, elementary and secondary schools in Tokyo during the period from February 1985 to June 1991, 28 outbreaks from which small round structured viruses (SRSV) were detected in the patients' stool specimens by electron microscopy were subjected to an epidemiological investigation. The outbreaks tended to occur frequently in the cold season; twenty-two (79%) of these outbreaks from November through April. Though detailed epidemiological informations was not obtained from all outbreaks, the common source of infection were presumed to be present in many of the outbreaks, judged from the incidence as to time course of patients. Food doubted to be incriminated as transmission vehicles in these outbreaks was served at schools, kindergartens, and lodgings. In some outbreaks, SRSV was detected from stool specimens of food handlers, or they were seroconverted to SRSV, suggesting that food was incriminated as a transmission vehicle. The symptoms of patients differ slightly from age to age: in the age range of 0 to 6 years, vomiting 90%, fever 41% and diarrhea 32%; in the 6 to 12 year-olds, nausea 61%, vomiting 48%, abdominal pain 65%, diarrhea 20% and fever 29%; and in the 12 to 15 year-olds, nausea 69%, vomiting 42%, abdominal pain 60%, diarrhea 30% and fever 34%. The lower the age of patient vomiting was more frequently observed. In these lower age groups, the frequency of nausea and vomiting tended to exceed that of diarrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for urolithiasis on concentrations of creatine kinase isozymes in patient serum and urine.

To determine whether extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urolithiasis causes renal injury, we immunoassayed creatine kinase isozymes (CK-B and CK-M) in serum and urine from patients with renal stone (n = 21) and ureteral stone (n = 18) before and after (0, 2, and 24 h) ESWL. CK-B is generally present in renal tissue at relatively high concentrations, whereas CK-M is found at low concentrations. CK-B and CK-M levels were enhanced both in the serum and urine samples after ESWL in both groups of patients but CK-B levels return to almost normal very rapidly. Because CK-M, which is mainly localized in muscle tissue, also increased in both groups, the increased CK-B in serum after ESWL might be derived not only from kidney but also from muscle tissues which also contain a significant level of CK-B. These results suggest that significant tissue injury, including kidney and muscles, might be caused by ESWL treatment for urolithiasis but there is no long-term renal adverse effect, and that creatine kinase isozymes in serum and urine might be useful markers of tissue injury by such treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inhibitory effects of hyaluronan on [14C]arachidonic acid release from labeled human synovial fibroblasts.

The effects of hyaluronan (HA) on the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids induced by bradykinin in synovial fibroblasts of osteoarthritic patients were examined. HA inhibited [14C]AA release from prelabeled synovial cells stimulated with and without bradykinin 1 hr after incubation with HA and thereafter. The inhibitory effects of HA on [14C]AA release were dependent on the concentration and molecular weight of HA. However, inhibition of [14C]AA release by HA was not merely due to the viscosity of HA. The [14C]AA release induced by calcium-ionophore A23187 was also inhibited by HA with a high molecular weight. In addition, HA did not affect [14C]AA uptake by the cells. Our results suggest that HA with a high molecular weight elicits anti-inflammatory effects, at least in part, by inhibiting AA release in inflamed joints.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1992

[Mercury in the environs of Kagoshima Bay].

Mercury contents of samples of sea water and fish from Kagoshima Bay, sediments in rivers, and the surface soil from the area surrounding a waste incinerator in the city of Kagoshima were measured to search for the source of mercury in Kagoshima Bay. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mercury contents of sea water samples at 26 stations in Kagoshima Bay ranged from 6.3 to 19.7 ng/l. When the 26 stations were classified into four areas, the entrance, the middle and the interior of the Bay, and the water around the Sakurajima area, mercury contents of the samples from the last area were significantly higher than either at the entrance or in the interior of the Bay. 2) Mercury contents in the cardinal fish, Apogon notatus, were significantly higher than those in either the dragonet, Callionymus lunatus, or the sillaginoid, Sillago japonica. Mercury contents of fish from the Ushine coast station, the innermost part of the Bay, were significantly higher than those from the other collecting stations. Moreover, significantly interactions between the species of fish and the sampling stations were detected, and mercury contents of cardinal fish from Ushine coast station were 6.7-fold higher than those from the sampling station at the mouth of the Shinkawa river. 3) River sediments obtained 1 km from the mouth of each river contained from 4 to 96 micrograms/kg of mercury. Mercury contents of the river sediments from the Wada river were higher than those from the other rivers examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Specific measurement of a major mite allergen, Der f II, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system using monoclonal anti-Der f II antibodies.

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay system using a monoclonal antibody, 15E11, specific for a major allergen Der f II in house dust mite, was developed. This system detected only Der f II in the presence of Der p II and other allergens. The Der f II contents in several house dust samples significantly correlated with the numbers of the mites in the same house dust samples (n = 14, r = 0.88, p < 0.001). These data showed that this system was useful for specific measurement of Der f II in house dusts.

Allergens↗
PubMed1992

Spontaneous lesions in cynomolgus monkeys used in toxicity studies.

Spontaneous lesions in wild-caught, laboratory-maintained cynomolgus monkeys used in drug-toxicity studies were examined histopathologically in an effort to better distinguish toxic changes from spontaneous lesions and assess the toxicity of drugs more exactly. In the liver and kidney, where toxic changes are observed frequently, many spontaneous lesions were observed. Infiltration of mononuclear cells, vacuolization of the hepatocytes, dilatation of the renal tubules, and vacuolization of the renal epithelia were observed at a relatively high frequency. It is considered important to examine these changes carefully, because they closely resemble the changes recognized as toxic. Deposition of brownish pigment was observed in various organs such as the liver, kidney, spleen, intestinal tract, lung and brain, however the type of pigment differed among the organs, and histochemical examination revealed anthracosis or accumulation of hemosiderin, or melanin. Since the monkeys were caught in the wild, many parasitic lesions were observed especially in the large intestine and liver. Helminthous worms were frequently observed in the granulomas in the large intestine, however, no parasites were observed in the granulomas in the liver. Such lesions in the liver may be misinterpreted as toxic changes, when only scars or inflammatory lesions are observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Appropriate conditions for the plaque forming cell (PFC) assay in rats and effects of cyclophosphamide on PFC response.

The appropriate conditions for the plaque forming cell (PFC) assay using rat splenocytes were determined and effects of cyclophosphamide on PFC response were investigated using these conditions. The number of PFCs produced by immunization with a suspension of sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) was higher with i.v. injection than with i.p. injection. Subcutaneous injection of the suspension did not produce PFCs. The highest PFC response was observed when the number of PFCs was determined 4 days after i.v. immunization with 0.5 ml of a 1% SRBC suspension. Cyclophosphamide (3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently decreased PFC response under the above-mentioned optimal conditions, and decreased PFC responses were noted even at the very low dose of 3 mg/kg: a dose at which a decrease in the number of PFCs has not been reported in studies using mice. From these results, the appropriate conditions for the PFC assay in rats are considered to be i.v. immunization with 0.5 ml of a 1% SRBC suspension and determination of the number of PFCs 4 days after immunization. Furthermore, it is considered that the PFC assay using rats might be more sensitive to immunosuppressive agents than that using mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Lectin cytochemistry combined with silver colloid staining of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in human gliomas.

Investigation of lectin cytochemical staining of inflammatory cells in human gliomas showed that Allomyrina dichotoma (Allo-A) cytochemistry can reliably distinguish inflammatory from neoplastic cells. Allo-A cytochemistry combined with silver colloid staining of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) was performed in human gliomas. Inflammatory cells possessed usually one but sometimes two Ag-NORs and macrophages often possessed several Ag-NORs. The mean Ag-NOR number per nucleus of inflammatory cells ranged from 1.81 to 2.34, and that of neoplastic cells ranged from 2.57 to 3.53 and from 2.84 to 4.46 in low- and high-grade gliomas, respectively. The mean Ag-NOR number per nucleus of inflammatory cells was significantly smaller than that of neoplastic cells (p less than 0.001). Combined Allo-A cytochemical and silver colloid Ag-NOR staining can provide a reliable Ag-NOR number in human gliomas by distinguishing inflammatory cells.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

The association of serum hepatitis C virus RNA with serum aminotransferase activities.

Serum samples from 71 patients with hepatitis C virus infection at various stages were studied to determine the clinical significance of the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by the polymerase chain reaction. There was a significant correlation of serum HCV RNA with elevation of the serum aminotransferase levels. These data suggest that the detection of HCV RNA in the serum might be useful for evaluation of the extent of ongoing liver damage.

Base Sequence↗