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Biomedical subjects

T Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to T Anderson.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Bradycardia, altered thermographic patterns, and dysphonia associated with cervical laxity in an Ankole-Watusi bull.

A native African bull was examined for ataxia of 10 days' duration. Clinical signs included bradycardia, ataxia, hypermetria, and dysphonia. Cerebrospinal creatine kinase activity was high. Thermographic evidence of bilateral accessory nerve dysfunction was observed. This finding was supported by electromyographic studies. Survey and positive contrast radiographs were nondiagnostic. Clinical signs exacerbated after radiographic examination. Treatment included dexamethasone and flunixin meglumine administered IV.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of continuous infusion low-dose 5-azacytidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes.

The treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is both difficult and controversial. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of low-dose 5-azacytidine in the treatment of this disorder. Fifteen patients with MDS were entered on study to be treated with 5-azacytidine by continuous intravenous infusion for 14 days. Doses of the drug ranged from 10 mg/m2/day to 35 mg/m2/day, with most patients receiving 16.5 mg/m2/day. In two patients, the drug was stopped early in the course of treatment because of thrombocytopenia. Thirteen patients completed therapy according to protocol. Three of 13 patients demonstrated a partial response to therapy. Of these three patients, one had an increase in platelet and absolute neutrophil counts, while the other two no longer required support with red cell transfusions. The drug was well tolerated and significant myelosuppression did not occur in most patients. Low-dose 5-azacytidine appears to have activity in the treatment of primary MDS and future studies should consider evaluation of this drug in combination with hematopoietic growth factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Twice-daily tapering dexamethasone treatment during cranial radiation for newly diagnosed brain metastases.

Twenty evaluable patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases underwent treatment with a novel dose/schedule of dexamethasone aimed at reducing steroid toxicity during palliative radiation therapy. All patients received twice daily dexamethasone starting at 8 mg bid for four days then 4 mg bid for four days then 2 mg bid until the last day of radiation therapy. The radiation prescriptions were not standardized varying from 2000 cGy/5 fractions to 5800 cGy/29 fractions. Fourteen patients received dexamethasone for a minimum of 24 hours before their first radiation treatment and 7 (50%) experienced improvement in neurologic symptoms/signs prior to starting radiation treatments. Fourteen patients completed the planned course of radiation and dexamethasone. Only 1 patient needed to restart dexamethasone within 30 days of finishing radiation because of steroid reversible neurologic deficits. Steroid toxicity was mild including hyperglycemia (1), candida esophagitis (1), steroid pseudorheumatism (2), peripheral edema (1) and steroid withdrawal syndrome (1). Only two toxic events were recorded in patients receiving steroids less than 21 days. Twice daily dexamethasone appears to provide good clinical results with minimal morbidity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Continuous systemic 5-fluorouracil infusion in refractory prostatic cancer.

Twenty patients with metastatic prostatic cancer were treated on an ambulatory basis with continuous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infusion 250-300 mg/M2 per day through a chronic indwelling central venous catheter. All patients had symptomatic, progressive disease despite previous standard therapies. Partial remission was seen in 2 of 20 patients (10%), stable disease in 9 of 20 (45%), and progressive disease in 9 of 20 (45%); mean duration of benefit in responding and stable disease patients was six months. Improvement in pain and ECOG performance status were seen in most of the patients in the responding and stable disease categories. Forty percent of the patients experienced no significant drug toxicity; treatment interruption was necessary for stomatitis in 6 patients (30%), hand/foot syndrome in 3 patients (15%), and diarrhea in 1 patient (5%). No significant myelosuppression or other significant organ toxicities were encountered. Continuous systemic venous infusion of 5-FU may provide significant palliative effect for some patients with symptomatic, refractory carcinoma of the prostate.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1991

Robust electromagnetic probe for the monitoring of lithotriptor output.

The ability to measure the powers and pressures generated by extracorporeal lithotriptors is important for both patient safety and treatment planning. Regular measurements of output have been impossible in the past because there have been no instruments available that could withstand prolonged or repeated exposure to lithotriptor fields. The literature contains reports of various devices that have been used to make measurements of lithotriptor output, and these are briefly described here. The authors report the use of a new electromagnetic probe as a robust monitoring device. It has been tested by comparison with a PVdF coplanar membrane hydrophone, by comparison with the results of disintegrating a series of synthetic stones and by impact measurements. The electromagnetic probe has also been used to monitor the output of a piezoelectric extracorporeal lithotriptor over a 12-month period. Fluctuations in pulse energy of up to 350% were observed.

Electromagnetic Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion and alpha interferon in advanced cancers: a report of initial treatment results.

Twenty-four patients with advanced metastatic cancer were treated with continuous intravenous 5-fluorouracil infusion 200-300 mg/m2/day and alpha interferon 3 million units subcutaneously 3 times per week. The average duration of treatment was 87 days (range 22-204 days). 5-fluorouracil could be infused 66% of the planned time on treatment, and patients received an average of 60% of the planned interferon injections. Objective tumor responses were seen in 6 of 17 previously untreated patients (35%). Twenty-two of the 24 patients (92%) experienced toxicity (greater than or equal to ECOG grade II) that required treatment interruption and subsequent dose reduction predominantly for the following reasons: mucositis (67%), hand-foot syndrome (21%), and leukopenia (25%). The incidence of treatment limiting toxicity is higher than previously observed with 5-fluorouracil infusion alone. This suggests true augmentation of 5-fluorouracil effect by interferon. 5-Fluorouracil infusion and alpha interferon is a potentially useful combination that needs further evaluation in future phase II and phase III trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for relapsed and refractory lymphoma using genotypically HLA-identical and alternative donors.

Twenty-two patients, ages 16.6 to 43.9 years (median age, 30 years), with relapsed or refractory lymphoma were treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation after high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation (TBI). Seven patients had Hodgkin's disease, four had low-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), seven had intermediate-grade NHL, and four had high-grade NHL. Of the 22 patients, 17 received T-cell (CD-3)-depleted marrow after intensive pretransplant chemoradiotherapy, and five received T-cell-replete grafts after chemotherapy-based preparative regimens. Five patients were transplanted from donors other than genotypically HLA-identical siblings: four from partially HLA-matched relatives, and one from a phenotypically HLA-identical unrelated donor. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was less than or equal to grade II in all patients, and chronic GVHD was limited or absent in all but one patient. Of the 21 assessable patients, 17 (80.9%) achieved complete remissions. Death due to transplant-associated complications occurred in five patients, and five patients have relapsed. Thirteen patients are alive, and 12 are continuously relapse-free at a median follow-up of longer than 28 months (range, greater than 10 to greater than 58 months) from transplant. The cumulative probability of treatment failure from relapse or progression of lymphoma was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 12% to 51%), while the actuarial lymphoma-free (ie, event-free) survival plateau is 54.6% (95% CI, 34% to 76%). For young patients with advanced malignant lymphoma, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation appears superior to salvage chemotherapy for achievement of long-term, lymphoma-free survival and may be preferable to autologous bone marrow transplantation for selected patients.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1991

A medieval example of meningiomatous hyperostosis.

An archaeologically retrieved skeleton, a female aged 35-50 years, from medieval Rochester, displays osseous changes which are considered to be diagnostic of meningiomatous hyperostosis. The dry bone findings are supported by X-ray and CT scan evidence. A search of the palaeopathological literature reveals only seven other convincing examples.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relationships between the proton nuclear magnetic resonance properties of plasma lipoproteins and cancer.

We conducted a comprehensive investigation of the origin of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshape variability of plasma lipids among healthy individuals and those with cancer. The methyl and methylene resonances of lipid in human plasma, whose linewidths have been reported to correlate with the presence of malignancy, are composed of the overlapping resonances of "mobile" protons from the major lipoproteins (very-low-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins). We tested two hypotheses for the origin of the narrower plasma linewidths observed for cancer patients: (a) malignancy-associated differences in the spectral properties (chemical shift, lineshape) of one or more of the lipoproteins, and (b) differences in the fraction of lipoprotein lipid giving rise to detectable NMR signal. Analysis of the concentrations of lipoprotein lipid and of 500 MHz NMR spectra of the lipoprotein constituents in greater than 100 plasma samples failed to provide support for either hypothesis. Although linewidths were found to be significantly narrower for the cancer group, the difference is entirely attributable to differences in the concentrations of the lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cochlear microcirculation in young and old gerbils.

Human postmortem studies as well as epidemiologic investigations have implicated the peripheral vascular system as one of the etiologic factors of presbycusis. This study uses the surface dissection microsphere method for regional cochlear blood flow analysis and morphometric techniques for quantifying capillary density in the stria vascularis. In this study 11 old and 10 young gerbils were used. Our results indicate that blood flow in the cochlea was decreased in the old gerbils. This decrease was most obvious in the lateral portion (stria vascularis). The decrease of blood flow in older animals was clearly not related to loss of strial capillaries with aging. The decreased flow to the lateral portion must arise from either decreased perfusion pressure or from increased vascular resistance. This decreased blood flow in the aged animals supports a vascular theory of presbycusis.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

Anti-idiotypic antisera raised against monoclonal antibody specific for a p24 gag region epitope detects a common interspecies idiotype associated with anti-HIV responses.

One potential strategy for the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is immune network manipulation using anti-idiotypic antibodies: this study was undertaken to demonstrate experimentally the potential of such an approach which, in a more highly evolved form, could be used for the treatment of the acquired immune deficiency virus (AIDS) and related disorders. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were generated in rabbits against a murine monoclonal antibody identifying an epitope on the p24 gag core protein of HIV. After extensive absorption on affinity columns to remove isotype- and allotype-specific antibodies, the purified anti-idiotypic antibody preparation was shown to have specific complementarity with the immunizing mouse monoclonal antibody. This anti-idiotypic antibody was also shown to recognize a common idiotype associated with HIV-specific antibodies from both humans and chimpanzees infected with the AIDS virus. In addition a group of rats immunized with the anti-Id responded with significant antibody titers to recombinant derived p24 gag. These data indicate that at least a subpopulation of these polyclonal anti-Id antibodies structurally mimics an HIV gag region epitope and suggest that immunoregulation by anti-idiotypic antibodies may have therapeutic utility for the AIDS epidemic.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

5-Fluorouracil infusion and low-dose weekly cisplatin: an analysis of increased toxicity.

It has been suggested that the addition of weekly low-dose cisplatin (DDP) may potentiate the efficacy of continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) without adding significant toxicity. To investigate the extent of added toxicity, an analysis of toxicity was completed in 18 patients with advanced cancers treated with continuous ambulatory 5-FU infusion 300 mg/m2/day and weekly low-dose cisplatin (DDP) 20 mg/m2. Ten of the 18 patients (56%) developed multiple (four or more) toxicities during treatment. In addition, toxicity categorized as severe occurred in 10 patients (56%). Seventeen of the 18 patients (94%) required treatment interruption or dose attenuation due to toxicity and most patients experienced a decline in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status due to treatment-related toxicity. Compared with historical toxicity patterns when 5-FU infusion is administered alone, the addition of DDP has resulted in significant increases in nausea and vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, stomatitis, and myelosuppression. The addition of low-dose weekly DDP adds significant toxicity and morbidity to the continuous 5-FU infusion regimen.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Angiosarcoma of the forearm definitively treated by hyperfractionated irradiation.

A case report of an angiosarcoma treated definitively with hyperfractionated irradiation is presented. Radial and ulnar aspects of the proximal forearm, wrist, and digits were diffusely involved on angiography. Hyperfractionated irradiation totaling 7,440 cGy was delivered to the entire circumference of the hand, forearm, and distal 5 cm of the arm; a confluent dry erythema without moist desquamation was observed at completion of therapy. No significant local or systemic toxicity was noted with the administration of an Adriamycin-containing adjuvant chemotherapy regimen following irradiation. Local regional control at 2 years is documented both clinically and by angiographic examination and the patient otherwise is free of disease. Function remains excellent with no lymphedema or joint fibrosis observed and grip strength of treated and untreated hands is comparable at 35 pounds. For patients refusing amputation or who are otherwise inoperable, hyperfractionated irradiation provides a therapeutic option.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Massive bleeding in a Zenker's diverticulum.

Massive bleeding from a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum is a rarely reported condition, with only two reported cases in the literature. This report describes a patient who had massive bleeding due to ulceration in the base of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, presumed to have been caused by chronic aspirin ingestion. The diagnosis was made on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, and surgical treatment (cricopharyngeal myotomy and diverticulectomy) was curative.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Phosphorylated tyrosine in the flagellum filament protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Purified flagella from two strains of 32P-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa were shown to be phosphorylated. This was confirmed by autoradiography of flagellin protein in polyacrylamide gels. Thin-layer electrophoresis and autoradiography of flagellin partial hydrolysates indicated that phosphotyrosine was the major phosphorylated amino acid. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of phosphotyrosine in flagellum filament protein. Preliminary data indicated that less than one tyrosine per subunit was phosphorylated. No evidence was found for phosphorylation of serine or threonine. A function related to tyrosine phosphorylation has not been determined.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1990

Phase I study of repeated cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin administered without bone marrow transplantation.

Forty-two patients with advanced malignancy judged unlikely to respond to standard treatment received high-dose combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin in a phase I trial. Twenty-two of these patients who had at least a partial response (PR) to the first cycle of therapy received a second cycle, and eight patients received three or more cycles of therapy. Bone marrow replacement was not used. The maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) were cyclophosphamide 2.5 g/m2 on days 1 and 2; etoposide 500 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3; and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3. Hematologic toxicity was not dose-limiting by study design. Recovery to an absolute granulocyte count above 100/microL occurred at a median of 9 days from onset (range, 3 to 23 days) at the MTD. Recovery was delayed after the third cycle. Only one patient on his third cycle failed to recover peripheral blood counts and died of sepsis an day 43. Hematologic toxicity was not dose-dependent. Nonhematologic toxicities included emesis, fatigue, alopecia, diarrhea, and anorexia and were generally well tolerated. The dose-limiting toxicities were fatal pulmonary or cardiac toxicities in five of nine patients treated at the highest dose level. Patients likely to do well can be selected by tumor type, response to prior therapy, and performance status. Nine of 36 assessable patients had a complete response (CR) and 13 a PR for a response rate of 61%. Five patients (12%) remain alive and free of disease at 15 to 32 months. Repeated cycles of dose-intensive combination therapy can produce long-term disease-free remissions in patients with refractory tumor types. The toxicity of the regimen is acceptable if patients are carefully selected.

Adolescent↗