Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to T Anderson.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Pharmacology of chlorozotocin Nsc-178248), a new nitrosourea antitumor agent.

Structure-activity studies of nitrosourea pharmacology have resulted in the synthesis of a new water-soluble agent,chlorozotocin, which has significant antitumor activity against the L1210 leukemia system and produces only a minor degree of inhibition of mouse and human bone marrow DNA synthesis compared to BCNU. It is important to emphasize that the bone marrow sparing feature of chlorozotocin is relative and that if the drug is administered at lethal dose levels in mice, myelosuppression is observed. The potential importance of these studies is the identification of a new and active nitrosourea antiumor agent with modified bone marrow toxicity. If aminoglucose modification of nitrosourea bone marrow toxicity can be confirmed in man without significant loss of antitumor activity, the use of such a compound could facilitate treatment of patients with neoplastic disease who have pre-existing abnormal bone marrow function. It would also allow the more effective use of a nitrosourea agent in combination with anticancer agents possessing more potent myelosuppressive properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

BCNU (NSC-409962) in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: its role in remission induction and maintenance.

BCNU is an effective antitumor agent in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Forty-seven percent of a group of patients with advanced disease, refractory to combination or sequential-agent chemotherapy, achieved an objective response to BCNU. Bone marrow toxicity was delayed in onset and was dose related. When incorporated into a maintenance program after remission induction with combination chemotherapy, BCNU appeared to delay, but not ultimately prevent, relapses during a 2-year followup period. Toxic effects associated with BCNU maintenance therapy in this clinical situation were significantly greater than toxic effects associated with no maintenance therapy.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1975

Peritoneoscopy: a valuable staging tool in ovarian carcinoma.

Peritoneoscopy was done within 1 month of exploratory laparotomy in 30 consecutive patients, with ovarian carcinoma as part of their pretreatment evaluation. Six of the 7 patients who were thought to have ovarian carcinoma localized to the pelvis (stages I and II) were found to have advanced disease (stage III) at peritoneoscopy and thus required a change in therapy. Metastatic diaphragmatic involvement in ovarian carcinoma is common and was found in 77 percent of all patients studied. The routine shielding if the liver area ordinarily used with total abdominal radiotherapy would select these patients for therapeutic failure. Peritoneoscopy supplied reevaluable finding in 2 of 7 patients having normal physical, roentgenologic, and laboratory examinations, as well as in 93 percent of all patients stuided. "Second look" peritoneoscopy precluded the need the laparotomy in 5 to 13 patients achieving as apparent clinical remission.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in Burkitt lymophoma. Complications of chemotherapy.

In two patients, metabolic complications, previously unreported to our knowledge, of severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in addition to hyperkalemia nad hyperuricemia were demonstrated after treatment with cyclophosphamide. In one patient, elevated blood and ascites lactate levels were measured. The levels decreased rapidly to normal following chemotherapy. The hyperphosphatemia and hyperkalemia may have been due to rapid tumor lysis and the hypocalcemia may have been caused by the hyperphosphatemia. The reduction in blood and aseties lactate levels may reflect the lysis of anaerobically metabolising tumor cells. Renal dialysis was required in the management of both cases. Because of the potential for cardiac arrythmias related to electrolyte imbalance, it is recommended that whenever possible reanl dialysis be available before treating cases of Burkitt lymphoma with large tumor burden.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1975

Chlorozotocin, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose, an antitumor agent with modified bone marrow toxicity.

Chlorozotocin, 2-(3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido)-D-glucopyranose, is a newly synthesized, water-soluble nitrosourea antitumor agent that is active against L1210 leukemia in mice. A 701% and a 401% increase in life-span were attained with a dose that was lethal to 10% of the animals (15 to 20 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice treated on Day 2 or Day 6 of L1210 tumor growth, respectivley. Sixity % of Day 2-treated mice and 30% of Day 6-treated mice survived for 90 days. At the maximally effective dose against L1210, chlorozotocin produced no significant depression in normal bone marrow DNA synthesis nor in peripheral neutrophil count, in contrast to a sustained greater than 90% inhibition in L1210 ascites cell DNA synthesis. If the antitumor activity and reduced bone marrow toxicity of chlorozotocin are confirmed in man the use of this compound would facilitate treatment of patients with neoplastic disease who have preexisting abnormal bone marrow function or would allow for the more effective use of a nitrosourea agent in combination with anticancer agents possessing more potent myelosuppressive properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Percutaneous liver biopsy, peritoneoscopy and laparotomy: an assessment of relative merits in the lymphomata.

The relative merits of percutaneous liver biopsy, peritoneoscopy directed liver biopsy and wedge liver biopsy during laparotomy were examined in a series of 100 consecutive untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sixteen of 77 patients had positive findings on percutaneous liver biopsy specimens, with the best yield in patients with nodular (21%) and diffuse (33%) poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Forty-nine of the 61 patients having negative percutaneous biopsies were subjected to peritoneoscopy and 9 additional positive biopsies were obtained. Thirty-two of the 40 patients having negative percutaneous and peritoneoscopy findings underwent laparotomy and wedge biopsy of the liver, and 8 specimens (25%) were positive for liver involvement; all but one of these were in patients with nodular or diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. This study indicates that over two-thirds of untreated patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma can be shown to have Stage IV disease without undergoing laparotomy, and that in the remaining patients, laparotomy proved of consistent value only in patients with poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1974

Streptozotocin diabetes. Correlation with extent of depression of pancreatic islet nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.

The diabetogenic activity of streptozotocin has been correlated with a reduction in pyridine nucleotide synthesis in the mouse pancreatic islet. To determine the specificity of this reduction for diabetogenicity, a comparative study of streptozotocin, its cytotoxic moiety, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and alloxan was performed. Streptozotocin administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) producd a dose-related reduction in islet NAD which was proportional to the degree of diabetogenicity. A diabetogenic dose, 200 mg/kg, attained a peak plasma N-nitroso intact streptozotocin concentration of 0.224 mumol/ml and reduced the mean islet NAD from a control of 0.78 to 0.15 pmol. At borderline, 150 mg/kg, and nondiabetogenic, 100 mg/kg, doses, plasma concentrations reached 0.161 and 0.136 mumol/ml, and NAD was 0.36 and 0.86 pmol/islet, respectively. 1-Methyl-1-nitrosourea, 100 mg/kg, attained a maximum N-nitroso intact 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea concentration of 0.162 mumol/ml and reduced the mean NAD to 0.58 pmol/islet, and was nondiabetogenic; 200 mg/kg attained a peak plasma concentration of 0.344 mumol/ml and depressed NAD to 0.38 pmol/islet, and was inconsistently diabetogenic. Islet NAD of 0.4 pmol/islet or greater is required for integrity of the beta cell. A diabetogenic dose of alloxan, 500 mg/kg, did not depress NAD, 0.85 pmol/islet, therefore confirming that its mechanism of diabetogenicity differs from that of streptozotocin. In vivo uptake of [methyl-(14)C]streptozotocin by islets was 3.8 times that of [methyl-(14)C]-1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, whereas uptake by the exocrine pancreas favored 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea over streptozotocin 2.4:1. The decreased islet uptake of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea correlates with the 3.5 times increased molar dosage required to produce islet NAD depression comparable to that of streptozotocin, 150 mg/kg. These studies indicate that the glucose carrier of streptozotocin facilitates uptake of its cytotoxic group, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, into islets.

Alloxan↗
PubMed1972

Making change work.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1971

Whose responsibility?

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Communicable Disease Control↗