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Biomedical subjects

T Akino

Publications and source records attributed to T Akino.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases.

We analyzed phospholipids of human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids from patients with interstitial lung diseases; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, and eosinophilic granuloma (EG) and compared them to those of normal subjects. The content of phospholipid/ml of BAL fluid was significantly decreased in IPF. There was a significant decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and an increase in phosphatidylinositol (PI) in IPF but not in sarcoidosis and EG. Thus, the PG to PI ratio was significantly decreased in IPF. The dipalmitoyl species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) was found to be significantly decreased in IPF and sarcoidosis by molecular species analysis using high performance liquid chromatography. In contrast, the unsaturated species were increased in these diseases. The decrease in dipalmitoyl PC appeared to be a common feature in interstitial lung diseases. The changes in phospholipids in BAL fluids, especially decreases in DPPC and PG to PI ratio in IPF, appear to indicate that damage of alveolar Type II cells and/or of metabolic disturbance in pulmonary surfactant occurs in IPF.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Surfactant proteins in the diagnosis of fetal lung maturity. I. Predictive accuracy of the 35 kD protein, the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, and phosphatidylglycerol.

The concentration of the major surfactant protein with a molecular weight of 35 kD was determined in 469 amniotic fluid specimens from 284 pregnancies by the two-site simultaneous immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies. The predictive accuracy of the 35 kD protein was compared with that of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio and phosphatidylglycerol (the lung profile). Immature levels of 35 kD protein (less than 0.6 micrograms/ml) predicted 59% of all cases of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) with an accuracy of 91%, and mature levels of 35 kD protein (greater than 3.0 micrograms/ml) predicted 68% of all infants who did not have RDS with an accuracy of 100%. The overall accuracy of the 35 kD protein in predicting the risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome was similar to that of the lung profile. In addition, testing with 35 kD protein improved the predictive value of an indeterminate lung profile (lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of 1:1.9 and no phosphatidylglycerol) from 52% to 74%. The present results show that the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, phosphatidylglycerol, and 35 kD apoprotein have additive effects in improving the accuracy of the diagnosis of lung maturity.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Two spectrophotometric assays for D-amino acid oxidase: for the study of distribution patterns.

1. Two simple, rapid and sensitive methods are described for measurement of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) activity using crude tissue extracts for the study of distribution patterns. 2. They detect products of oxidative deamination of D-amino acids catalyzed by DAO, i.e. alpha-keto acids and H2O2 by measuring light absorbances at 445 and 500 nm, respectively. 3. Reliability of the methods was confirmed by quantitative detection of DAO added to the tissue extract, based on standard curves, time courses and values of Km and Ki, obtained using D-Ala as substrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

D-amino acid oxidase in mouse liver--II.

1. Activity of D-amino acid oxidase was detected in tissue extract of mouse liver by two sensitive spectrophotometric methods. 2. The activity was also detectable in extracts of the heart, but not of lung.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

D-amino acid oxidase in mouse liver.

1. An appreciable amount of D-amino acid oxidase was found in the extract of mouse liver by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 2. The content of the enzyme in the kidney and heart extracts was also measured by the assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Characteristics of heat-stable extracellular hemolysin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Heat-stable hemolysin produced by the cellophane-agar plate method consisted of two major acidic glycolipids. One was composed of 2 mol of rhamnose and 2 mol of beta-hydroxydecanoic acid, and the other was composed of 1 mol of rhamnose and 2 mol of beta-hydroxydecanoic acid. The hemolysis-producing moiety of the hemolysin was shown to be the dimer of beta-hydroxydecanoic acid contained in the glycolipid molecule.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1987

Free D-amino acids in human plasma in relation to senescence and renal diseases.

Minute but appreciable amounts of D-amino acids were detected in normal human plasma. The content was significantly higher in an elderly population (age 76 +/- 6 years, mean +/- SD, n = 41) than in a younger group (age 42 +/- 4 years, n = 26), i.e. 6.9 +/- 4.8 nmol/ml (mean +/- SD, range 0-18.8 nmol/ml) and 2.5 +/- 1.8 nmol/ml (range 0-6.3 nmol/ml) for the elderly and the younger groups, respectively. Elevation of plasma D-amino acid level was observed in a group of patients with renal disease (3.6-52.6 nmol/ml), in proportion to the serum level of creatinine (n = 50, r = 0.726, P less than 0.001), beta 2-microglobulin (n = 34, r = 0.551, P less than 0.005), and to glomerular filtration rate (n = 39, r = 0.556, P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immunohistochemical studies on the expression of pulmonary surfactant apoproteins in human lung carcinomas using monoclonal antibodies.

To reevaluate the expression of pulmonary surfactant apoproteins in lung carcinomas, cancerous tissues from 47 cases were immunohistochemically examined by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method using monoclonal antibodies. These antibodies recognized apoproteins in type II pneumocytes in normal and in hyperplastic alveoli and nonciliated columnal cells (Clara cells) in terminal bronchioles of noncancerous tissues. Cancer cells positive for surfactant apoproteins were observed in 11 out of 33 adenocarcinomas, including 1 case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Interestingly, two cases of adenocarcinomas with ultrastructural features of Clara cells, which had metastatic lesions, were positively stained both in the primary and the metastatic sites. Two out of 4 adenosquamous carcinomas showed positive reaction, which was exclusively localized in the cells with papillary structure. The present study indicates that the expression of surfactant apoproteins in cancer cells occurs ubiquitously in adenocarcinomas, which are considered to be derived from the terminal air way.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Differentiation of primary or metastatic lung carcinoma by phospholipid analysis. A new approach for lung carcinoma differentiation.

Phospholipid analyses were performed on lung adenocarcinoma tissues from three patients who had undergone thoracotomy with a previous malignancy of the rectum or colon. The carcinomas were histologically difficult to differentiate as being primary or metastatic. The phospholipid profiles of the lung carcinomas in these cases were significantly different from those of primary lung adenocarcinoma, but were very similar to those of primary adenocarcinomas of the rectum or colon, suggesting that these carcinomas are metastatic. Therefore, the findings support the idea that phospholipid analysis of a tumor occurring in the lung could be very useful for differentiating whether such a tumor is primary or metastatic. The value of phospholipid analysis in assessing such tumors is emphasized as a new approach for differentiating lung carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Effects of isoproterenol pretreatment on phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat parotid gland.

The effects of isoproterenol pretreatment on phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat parotid slices were studied to elucidate the relationship between beta- and alpha 1-adrenoceptors. 32P-Labeling of phosphatidylinositol in parotid slices was increased by an alpha 1- and alpha 2-agonist (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and alpha 1-agonists (methoxamine and phenylephrine), but not by an alpha 2-agonist (clonidine) and a beta-agonist (isoproterenol). Prazosin inhibited the increase in phosphatidylinositol turnover elicited by epinephrine, but propranolol did not. These results indicate that the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover elicited by adrenergic agonists is mediated by activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in the parotid glands. Isoproterenol pretreatment of the parotid slices caused a significant increase in 32P-labeling of phosphatidylinositol and a decrease in that of phosphatidic acid. The epinephrine- or phenylephrine-induced increase in 32P-labeling of phosphatidylinositol were further enhanced by the isoproterenol pretreatment of the slices. In the isoproterenol-treated membranes of the parotid glands, [3H]prazosin binding to alpha 1-receptors increased, but [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding to beta-receptors did not. These findings indicate that the acceleration of phosphatidylinositol turnover induced by the isoproterenol pretreatment may be associated with an increase in alpha 1-adrenoceptor binding sites which might have appeared as a result of the isoproterenol pretreatment of the parotid slices.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical study of human pulmonary surfactant apoproteins with monoclonal antibodies. Pathologic application for hyaline membrane disease.

Three monoclonal antibodies, PC6, PE10, and PE12, were used for immunohistochemical studies of human lungs by immunoperoxidase staining. Monoclonal antibodies PC6 and PE10 against pulmonary surfactant apoproteins stained faint granules in the cytoplasm of some alveolar wall cells in adult lung. These stained cells appeared to be alveolar Type II cells. A fetal lung of 20 weeks' gestation had no any positive staining. However, a few scattered positive cells were observed in a newborn lung of 31 weeks' gestation, and the stained cells increased progressively with increasing gestational age. The positively stained cells were very few in the lungs of newborns who died of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), but the lungs of newborns who died of other causes after recovery from RDS showed many positively stained cells. These results suggest that the immunohistochemical demonstration of the monoclonal antibodies PC6 and PE10 could be a good pathodiagnostic indicator reflecting the localization and development of pulmonary surfactant by alveolar Type II cells. On the other hand, monoclonal antibody PE12 was found to recognize the antigen that occurs on the surfaces of the alveoli of fetal, newborn, and adult lungs as one component of the alveolar lining layer, different from pulmonary surfactant.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Monoclonal antibodies against human pulmonary surfactant apoproteins: specificity and application in immunoassay.

Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against pulmonary surfactant apoproteins which were isolated from lung lavages of patients with alveolar proteinosis with the following steps: solubilization of the surface-active fraction by Triton X-100, delipidation with butanol-ethanol extraction followed by column chromatographies on Blue-Sepharose and DEAE-Toyopearl in the presence of dithiothreitol. The fraction including 62 and 36 kDa proteins, i.e., pulmonary surfactant apoproteins, was used for the immunization. Monoclonal antibodies against the pulmonary surfactant apoproteins were prepared using hybridoma technology. The monoclonal antibodies prepared, PC6 and PE10, recognized the same proteins, i.e., 62 and 36 kDa proteins, in the patients' lavages. They also recognized 37 and 34 kDa proteins in human lung lavage and amniotic fluid. Quantitation of the apoproteins by enzyme-immunoassay using the monoclonal antibodies has been developed. A combination of PC6 and PE10 was found to be useful for a two-site sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), where it gave a good dose response and was capable of measuring 10-1280 ng of the apoprotein/ml. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies in animal species was tested by this sandwich ELISA. The results indicated that the monoclonal antibodies obtained in this study are specific for the human lung.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1985

Sugar components of glycoprotein fractions in middle ear effusions.

We analyzed the sugar components of the glycoprotein fractions in human middle ear fluid samples by using gas chromatography. All ear effusions included serous, seromucinous and mucoid samples, and contained appreciable amounts of fucose, mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine and sialic acid. Total sugar content to protein was significantly higher in mucoid effusions than in serous effusions. Among the sugar components, the contents of sialic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose were much higher in the mucoid effusions. The data show new evidence that some glycoproteins having high proportions of sialic acid, N-acetyl glucosamine, fucose and galactose appear in the middle ear fluid of the glue ear.

Amino Sugars↗
PubMed1985

High performance liquid chromatographic separation of diacylglycerol acetates to quantitate disaturated species of lung phosphatidylcholine.

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation of diacylglycerol acetates to quantitate disaturated species of lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied. The diacylglycerol acetates were applied on a reversed phase column, eluted by an isocratic solvent, acetonitrile/isopropanol/water (35:15:1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and detected by differential refractometry (RI). This isocratic HPLC method was useful to separate disaturated species from the others of lung PC. The quantitative analysis of the molecular species separated by HPLC was studied by RI detection. Chromatograms obtained by RI detection and radioactivity determination of diacylglycerol [3H]acetates prepared by [3H]acetic anhydride were almost identical. The RI detector responded in the same degree for different authentic standards of diacylglycerol acetates. The detection limit with RI detection was about 30 nmoles. Molecular species of PCs from human lung and carcinoma tissues were analyzed by this HPLC method. The contents of disaturated species were very similar to those reported previously. These results indicate that RI detection is very useful in the nmole range for the quantitative analysis among the molecular species containing disaturated species.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Microdetermination of serum D-amino acids.

A method for the quantitative determination of serum D-amino acids in the range 0.5-20 nmol is described. In the method alpha-keto acids, derived from D-amino acids by D-amino acid oxidase, are measured as hydrazones. The method is unresponsive to the presence of a large excess of L-amino acids. It allows a fast assay in a small amount of specimen (0.1 ml), with good reproducibility and accuracy.

Alanine↗
PubMed1985

Two-site "simultaneous" immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies for the determination of surfactant apoproteins in human amniotic fluid.

Monoclonal antibodies against human surfactant apoproteins were prepared, which recognized 37, 34, and 62 kilodalton proteins in human lung lavage fluid and amniotic fluid. Two-site "simultaneous" immunoassay for the surfactant apoproteins was developed using the monoclonal antibodies. The assay was capable of measuring 10-640 ng of the apoproteins per ml of human amniotic fluid. The immunoassay was used to quantitate the apoproteins in 59 amniotic fluid samples from 23 to 41 wk gestation. The concentration of the surfactant apoproteins at less than 30 wk gestation was very low (mean 0.84 micrograms/ml). It then increased 6.5-fold from 34 to 36 wk gestation and 15.5-fold at more than 37 wk gestation. The simultaneous immunoassay with the monoclonal antibodies presented herein seems to be ideal for clinical use because of its high specificity, sensitivity, rapidity, simplicity, and a continuous unlimited supply of the antibodies. The results in this study show that the clinical use of the two-site simultaneous immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies to pulmonary surfactant apoproteins can predict fetal lung maturity more precisely.

Amniotic Fluid↗