Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Aikawa.
A case of osteoma of the external auditory canal in a 19-year-old male patient was reported. The differentiation between osteoma and exostosis was discussed clinically, histopathologically and scanning electron microscopically.
The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of the protective effect of fosfomycin (FOM) against inner ear damage induced by an aminoglycoside dibekacin (DKB), when administered concurrently DKB and FOM. Rats were treated with 50 mg/kg of DKB with or without 500 mg/kg of FOM for short-term administration. No significant difference was seen in the serum peak level and in the area under the curve between the group receiving DKB alone and the combined administration group of DKB and FOM. On the other hand, the DKB level in the kidney was significantly lower in the combined administration group than in the group receiving DKB alone. The mechanism of protective effect of FOM against DKB-induced ototoxicity may be considered as follows: FOM inhibits the accumulation of DKB in the kidney and reduces its concentration in the kidney and serum. Consequently, the transferability of DKB into the inner ear is decreased, and finally inner ear damage is reduced.
Sera from 70 patients with bladder cancer, 26 patients with kidney cancer, and 20 patients with prostate cancer were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) utilizing the human red blood cell (HRBC) radioimmunoassay. Elevated CIC levels were found in 32% of patients with bladder cancer, 30% of patients with kidney cancer, and 20% of patients with prostate cancer. For comparison, CIC was also measured in 37 sera from patients with bladder cancer by the polyethylene glycol precipitation complement consumption (PEG-CC) test. 13 of them (35%) had elevated CIC levels. The correlation between the results of the two tests was significant. There were significant correlations between CIC levels and the extent of tumor invasion and the degree of malignancy in patients with bladder cancer. The elevation of CIC level was also significantly associated with poor prognosis of these bladder cancer patients. It is proposed that measurement of CIC in patients with bladder cancer by the HRBC radioimmunoassay may be useful to evaluate their stage, degree of malignancy, and prognosis.
It is known that the serum level of glycylproline aminopeptidase (Gly-Pro-AP) is decreased in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, the serum levels of various hydrolytic enzymes were tested in such patients. In comparison to the controls, many enzymes, including Ala-AP, Ser-AP, Phe-AP, Gly-Pro-AP, Gly-Pro-Leu-AP, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (angiotensin converting enzyme), and esterase, showed significantly decreased activities in the patients' sera. Only the activity of Trp-AP was significantly increased. Of these enzymatic activities in serum, several ones including those of Gly-Pro-AP, Ala-AP, Phe-AP, trypsin-like enzyme, and esterase, were significantly correlated with the severity of the disease. Although a part of these findings are compatible with previous observations, they suggest rather more extensive disorders of peptide metabolism in this immunological disease.
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The protective effect of fosfomycin against cisplatin-induced toxicities was studied in rats. A total of 64 Fischer rats were injected intravenously with daily doses of 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg of cisplatin with or without 300 mg/kg of fosfomycin for a period varying from 1 to 10 days. The same total dose of 10 mg/kg of cisplatin was given to all animals. Cisplatin-induced toxic side-effects of body weight loss, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were significantly reduced functionally or histopathologically by the combined administration of cisplatin and fosfomycin. A comparison of different dosage schedules with a total dose of 10 mg/kg of cisplatin showed that a higher daily dose for a shorter time period produced more marked toxicities.
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A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in May 1977, suffering from oscillation, body tremulousness and astasia-abasia. Two months prior to admission she had caught a common cold and felt paresthesia on the right arm. Three days before admission, she had photophobia, tremulousness of the trunk and head, and astasia-abasia. A neurological examination revealed difficulty in standing, and jerky movement of the body and right arm, her limbs were well coordinated. An ocular examination resulted in normal findings except for intermittent oscillation of the eyeballs. As the pupils and fundi were normal, so were the routine laboratory tests. The cerebrospinal fluid was clear and colorless under normal pressure, and showed no more than 6 mononuclear cells in any of the three examinations. CSF protein was registered 20 mg/dl, glucose 75 mg/dl, and no virus titers were elevated. Electroencephalogram was slightly abnormal due to a slowing of the Alpha wave in the background activity. Both computerized tomography and vertebral-angiography were normal. A slow and steady abatement of all symptoms started while she was taking steroid treatment in hospital. Electrooculogram showed irregular disconjugation of the eyes rotating or moving in horizontal and vertical direction. There movements conjugated or disconjugated in both eyes with 5-7 Hz of frequency and 10-20 degrees of amplitude. They decreased when the eyelids were closed or staying in a dark room. These ocular movements were regarded as opsoclonus. Then opsoclonus changed to flutter-like oscillation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The cytotoxic activities of individual lupus sera were demonstrated against T gamma cells, T gamma (-) cells and B cells. Immunoglobulin classes were also determined in these antilymphocyte antibodies (ALA) in SLE. T gamma-specific ALA and B-cell-specific ALA were almost equally distributed as regards IgG-dominant type, mixed IgG and IgM type and IgM dominant type, while IgM dominant type was predominant in T gamma (-)-specific ALA. Only the IgG type of T gamma-specific ALA among these ALA was significantly associated with clinical parameters, including hypocomplementemia, elevated immune complex levels and high anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA titres. Serial studies on ALA in a typical case of SLE were performed. Active clinical signs were associated with elevated cytotoxicities of IgG type of T gamma-specific ALA and with relatively low cytotoxicities of the IgM type, whereas after massive corticosteroid therapy, these signs disappeared in tact with the reduction in cytotoxic activities of IgG type of the ALA and the relative rise in cytotoxicities of IgM type of the ALA. These results suggested that IgG class of T gamma-specific ALA seemed to play a major role among several types of ALA in SLE.
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A 77-year-old, nonalcoholic man was admitted to the Omiya Red Cross Hospital with the complaint of fever and delirium state of two days' duration. Two months prior to admission he had had cough and sputum. Chest X-ray revealed honey comb lungs. Cultures of sputum revealed mycobacterium tuberculosis after eight weeks incubation. He had no liver disease in his past history. The patient appeared cachetic. His vital signs were as follows; temperature 38 degrees C, blood pressure 132/68 mmHg, with a pulse rate of 84/min. He was delirium and excited. Findings of the cranial, motor and sensory nerve examination were normal. Initial laboratory studies showed a serum sodium value of 133 mEq/l, potassium 4.5 mEq/l, chloride 98 mEq/l; a serum GOT value of 51 units, GPT 36 units; a total protein content of 7.8 g/dl and ESR rate of 87 mm/hr. Six days after admission, the patients' consciousness level began to stupor and nuchal rigidity was appeared. Spinal fluid examination revealed opening pressure 270 mm H2O, cell counts 720 (N 712, L 8)/cumm, sugar 57 mg/dl and protein 170 mg/dl. Spinal fluid cultures were positive in mycobacterium tuberculosis after eight weeks incubation. Laboratory studies showed a serum sodium value of 114 mEq/l, potassium 4.4 mEq/l, chloride 86 mEq/l, a serum osmorality (SeOs) 225 mOsm/l and urine osmorality (UOs) 958 mOsm/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Cefroxadine (CXD), an orally active cephalosporin antibiotic, has a broad spectrum and a bactericidal action. The efficacy of CXD in the surgical field was investigated and the following results were obtained. CXD was administered to 31 cases in all; 13 cases with mastitis, 9 with wound infection, 4 with infected atheroma, 3 with periproctal abscess and 2 with phlegmon, respectively. The daily dose was ranged from 750 mg to 1,500 mg. Clinical effects were good in 27 cases and fair in 4 cases, and the effective rate was 87.1%. As to side effects, a slight diarrhea was observed in 1 case, but the symptom was disappeared after 2 days without a special treatment.
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This study was made to investigate the mechanisms of the changes in serum potassium during a period of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The following experiments were performed: I) A relationship was observed between the amount of insulin dosage and the levels of serum potassium, blood sugar, and plasma cyclic AMP or plasma cyclic GMP in normal controls and rats. In humans, regular insulin (0.025 approximately 0.15 U/kg) was injected intravenously, and blood samples drawn at intervals were used for estimation. Regular insulin (0.1 approximately 1.0 U/kg) was injected into Wistar strain male rats and blood was drawn at intervals. II) A relationship was observed between those items mentioned above in patients with thyroid diseases or diabetes mellitus. They were injected with regular insulin (0.1 U/kg). III) An effect of spironolactone was observed on the levels of the above mentioned items. Regular insulin (0.075 U/kg) was injected into normal controls after the ingestion of spironolactone. IV) An effect of non-selective beta-blocker was observed on the levels of the above mentioned items. Regular insulin (0.1 U/kg) was injected into normal controls and patients with hyperthyroidism after the ingestion of 20 mg of propranolol. The results obtained were as follows: 1) There was a significant logarithmic dose-response relationship between insulin dose and maximum per cent decrease in serum potassium, and maximum per cent increase in plasma cyclic AMP. (p less than 0.02 approximately 0.01) 2) A significant positive correlation was observed between the maximum per cent decrease in serum potassium and the maximum per cent increase in plasma cyclic AMP during the period of insulin-induced hypoglycemia. (p less than 0.001) 3) The changes in serum potassium and plasma cyclic AMP were significantly greater in patients with hyperthyroidism who were possibly in a hyperdynamic beta-adrenergic circulatory state, and these changes were smaller in patients with hypothyroidism than in the normal controls. When their thyroid functions were normalized by the treatment, the changes in serum potassium and plasma cyclic AMP behaved in the same manner as those in the normal controls. 4) Spironolactone had no effect on any change observed in this study. 5) Neither per cent decrease of serum potassium nor per cent increase of cyclic AMP were influenced by propranolol at 15 minutes, but they decreased 30 minutes after the insulin injection. These results may indicate that a decrease of serum potassium levels during the period of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in both the early and late phases is caused by different mechanisms. The change in serum potassium was accompanied by an increase of plasma cyclic AMP, and furthermore this change was inhibited by beta-blocker. It was suggested that beta-adrenoreceptor play a role in a decrease of serum potassium, especially 30 minutes after a injection of insulin.