Protection against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by exogenous L-arginine.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Aihara
Publications and source records attributed to T Aihara.
[Detection of breast cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes by amplification of keratin 19 mRNA with reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction].
Keratin 19 mRNA reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (K 19 RT-PCR) was compared with histological examination in the detection of breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes. Sixty-three axillary lymph nodes, which were obtained from 23 breast cancer patients, were bisected. One half was studied by conventional histological analysis of hematoxylin and eosin sections. Total RNA was extracted from the other half and subjected to K 19 RT-PCR. In all the ten lymph nodes, which were histologically metastasis-positive, K 19 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Of the 53 histologically negative lymph nodes, five (9%) lymph nodes were found to express K 19 mRNA, indicating the presence of micrometastases which could be detected by RT-PCR but not by a histological examination. These results demonstrate the usefulness of K 19 RT-PCR in the detection of breast cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes.
Axilla↗
[The importance of serum lipid level for restenosis following initial successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina].
Serum lipids were investigated as a risk factor for restenosis following initial percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for unstable angina (Braunwald III-B2). Follow-up angiography was used to classify 41 patients who received successful emergency PTCA into two groups: 21 patients with and 20 without restenosis. The clinical factors (age, sex), lesion characteristics and extent of coronary narrowing before and after PTCA were similar in the two groups. In the group without restenosis, the serum cholesterol level was significantly reduced from 225 +/- 48 (before PTCA) to 188 +/- 34 mg/dl (at the follow-up PTCA; p < 0.01), but in the group with restenosis serum cholesterol level showed no difference between before PTCA (211 +/- 42) and at the follow-up (201 +/- 32 mg/dl). The levels of triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were not significantly different between before PTCA and at the follow-up in both groups. The restenosis rate in patients with serum cholesterol level reduced by 30 mg/dl or more at the follow-up after PTCA was significantly lower (three of 15 patients, 20%) compared with the restenosis rate in patients with serum cholesterol level lowered by less than 30 mg/dl (18 of 26 patients, 69%; p < 0.01). Moreover, the restenosis rate in patients with serum cholesterol level below 180 mg/dl at the follow-up angiography was significantly lower (six of 19 patients, 32%) compared with patients with serum cholesterol levels above 180 mg/dl (15 of 22 patients, 68%; p < 0.05). A high level of serum cholesterol may be a predictor of restenosis following PTCA in patients with unstable angina.
Angina, Unstable↗
[Pathological evaluation of superselective one-shot intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy for head and neck tumors].
Since 1992, we have treated 43 patients with head and neck tumors by superselective intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (SIIC) via femoral artery. In 8 patients among then, operation was performed thereafter with/without radiation therapy (RT). CDDP and/or CBDCA were utilized as the chemotherapeutic modality. Only SIIC or RT showed Grade (Gr.) 0-2b pathological effects on Oboshi-Shimosato classification scheme, while a combination of SIIC and RT exhibited Gr. 2b-4 pathological effects. We conclude that a combination of SIIC and RT was most effective and had induced degeneration or necrotic changes in the tumor tissue.
Adult↗
Progression of fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumor demonstrated by clonal analysis.
BACKGROUND: The histogeneses of fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor of the breast appear to be closely related, but it is still unclear whether fibroadenoma can progress directly to phyllodes tumor. METHODS: This issue was studied by conducting clonal analysis of fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumors that were obtained sequentially from the same patient. One patient developed local recurrence of phyllodes tumor twice, and the other two patients each developed a phyllodes tumor after excision of a primary fibroadenoma. The method for clonal analysis was based on trinucleotide repeat polymorphism of the X chromosome-linked androgen receptor (AR) gene and on random inactivation of the gene by methylation. RESULTS: Clonal analysis revealed that all the three primary fibroadenomas were monoclonal and all four recurrent phyllodes tumors were also monoclonal in origin. In addition, the same allele of the AR gene was inactivated in fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor(s) in each patient. The probability that phyllodes tumors of different origin happen to inactivate the same allele of the AR gene as fibroadenomas in every case is quite low. Rather, it is more reasonable to assume that the phyllodes tumor has the same origin as fibroadenoma. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified monoclonal fibroadenomas that can progress to phyllodes tumors.
Adult↗
De novo apparently balanced reciprocal translocation between 5q11.2 and 17q23 associated with Klippel-Feil anomaly and type A1 brachydactyly.
We report on a girl with Klippel-Feil anomaly, type A1 brachydactyly, and minor facial anomalies. She has an apparently balanced de novo reciprocal translocation between 5q11.2 and 17q23. The possible significance of this chromosomal abnormality is discussed.
Cervical Vertebrae↗
Clonal analysis of benign and malignant human breast tumors by means of polymerase chain reaction.
Clonal analysis was conduced on a variety of benign and malignant human breast tumors using the method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the X 120 chromosome-linked phosphoglycerokinase gene and on random inactivation of the gene by methylation. Breast carcinoma was shown to be monoclonal in origin, consistent with a somatic mutational theory. Precancerous lesions such as atypical ductal hyperplasia and multiple intraductal papilloma were also found to be monoclonal, indicating that certain genetic changes had been accumulated in these lesions. Solitary intraductal papilloma was found to be monoclonal. Since this tumor is composed of two types of cells, luminal epithelial cells and myoepithelial cells, it was suggested that the origin of solitary intraductal papilloma is a precursor cell which is capable of differentiating into both luminal and myoepithelial cells. The fact that fibroadenoma is polyclonal indicates that this tumor is not neoplasia but hyperplasia of a lobule. Epithelial component of phyllodes tumor was found to be polyclonal but stromal component was found to be monoclonal. Thus, phyllodes tumor is considered to be a neoplasm of stromal cells but not of epithelial cells.
Base Sequence↗
Demonstration of polyclonal origin of giant fibroadenoma of the breast.
We have shown that fibroadenoma of the breast is polyclonal and that phyllodes tumour is monoclonal in origin. It is not known whether a giant fibroadenoma which is histologically identical to the more usual type of fibroadenoma but grows to be a huge mass, like a phyllodes tumour, is polyclonal or monoclona. Clonal analysis was conducted on the DNA samples extracted from the paraffin sections of a giant fibroadenoma resected from a 21-year-old woman. The method used was based on trinucleotide repeat polymorphism of the X-chromosome-linked androgen receptor gene and on random inactivation of the gene by methylation. Clonal analysis showed that the giant fibroadenoma and the adjacent normal breast tissue are polyclonal in origin. Although the term giant fibroadenoma has often been used interchangeably with the term benign phyllodes tumour, because of their similarity in clinical appearance, our present results demonstrate that a giant fibroadenoma is a polyclonal fibroadenoma that has attained an immense size and is different from the monoclonal phyllodes tumour.
Adult↗
A new approach for performing a one-stage operation through the mediastinum to resect bilateral lung metastases: report of a case.
We describe herein a new operative technique for reaching the opposite lung from the thoracotomy site through the mediastinum. This procedure was successfully performed on a 76-year-old woman with bilateral lung metastases whose case is presented. After resection of the right lower lobe which contained two metastases, the anterior mediastinum was opened, and contralateral metastasis located in the lingular segment was resected using a neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. A chest drainage tube was inserted through the mediastinal window. This transmediastinal approach seems to be a feasible technique for preserving the respiratory function of the chest wall in patients with imbalanced bilateral metastases.
Aged↗
Association of idiopathic hypopituitarism and syringomyelia.
The magnetic resonance in an 8-year-old boy with hypopituitarism and cervical syringomyelia are presented. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain clearly demonstrated syringomyelia in the cervical spinal cord and transection of the pituitary stalk, findings identical to those reported in the literature. Both disorders have been seen in association with a difficult labor, so we suggest that this is not a chance finding.
Child↗
MR imaging of a subglottic hemangioma.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Contrast Media↗
[Remission and relapse of acute eosinophilic pneumonia].
A 46-year-old man presented with progressive dyspnea of acute onset, nonproductive coughing, and a high fever. He had been in his usual good health until symptoms began on the previous day. The chest roentgenogram revealed Kerley A and B lines, perivascular cuffing, hilar haze, and bilateral pleural effusins. Body temperature was 37 degrees C and PaO2 was 42 Torr. All clinical and radiographic signs improved. On the 12th hospital day, dyspnea and diffuse infiltration shadows on the chest roentgenogram suddenly occurred again. Acute eosinophilic pneumonia was strongly suspected because of increasing peripheral eosinophilia, and from the results of histologic examination of a specimen obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy. Without steroid treatment, the patient's condition gradually improved. Most cases of eosinophilic pneumonia have been diagnosed as pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia (PIE). However, this patient did not have PIE syndrome, but instead was given a diagnosis of acute eosinophilic pneumonia, which was first described in 1990. This case may help establish criteria for the diagnosis and steroid treatment of acute eosinophilic pneumonia.
Acute Disease↗
[Initial and short-term results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients over 70 years old: recent improvements in effectiveness].
Elderly patients have a higher incidence of procedure-related complications and recurrent angina after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). However, early success rates seem to have improved. To determine whether outcome of PTCA in the elderly has changed recently, we compared initial results and short-term outcome in patients over 70 years old in two groups; 64 patients with 70 PTCA lesions who underwent first elective PTCA in 1982-1989 (early group) and 140 patients with 153 PTCA lesions in 1990-1993 (late group). The mean age of the late group was significantly older than that of the early group (74 +/- 3 vs 73 +/- 2 years, p < 0.01). The two groups had similar clinical characteristics including sex, prior myocardial infarction and multivessel disease. The overall success rate of PTCA was significantly higher in the late group than in the early group (92.8% vs 82.8%, p < 0.05). The rate of abrupt closure was similar in the two groups (2.9% vs 2.6%). Major complications (procedural myocardial infarction, emergency bypass surgery, hospital death) occurred in 4.7% of the early group and in 3.6% of the late group. Angiographic restenosis occurred in 41.5% of the early group and in 33.6% of the late group. Cardiac events (cardiac death and/or myocardial infarction) occurred in 6.6% of the early group and in 1.5% of the late group (p = 0.06). The initial success rate of PTCA has improved in the elderly as well as younger patients (< 70; 92.8% vs 91.6%). We conclude that PTCA can be performed with high initial success and satisfactory short-term outcome in patients over 70 years old.
Aged↗
[Efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of other coronary arteries in patients with chronic total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery].
The acute and long-term outcomes of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the right coronary artery (RCA) or left circumflex branch (LCS) in patients with chronic occlusion of the left anterior descending branch (LAD) (group A) were compared with those of sex and age matched patients undergoing PTCA of the RCA or LCX with a normal LAD (group B). Before the procedure, group A had more frequent prior myocardial infarction (96% vs 33%, p < 0.001), and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (49 +/- 14% vs 71 +/- 13%, p < 0.001). The acute results were similar in the two groups with respect to primary success (group A 90%, group B 91%) and major complications (group A 6%, group B 2%). At 3 months, the rate of restenosis was 33% in group A and 27% in group B. In group A, LVEF increased significantly in patients without restenosis (53 +/- 11% vs 62 +/- 11%, p < 0.01). At long-term follow-up, group A had higher rates of persistent angina but there was no difference in outcome between the two groups. In patients with chronic total occlusion of LAD, PTCA for RCA or LCX can be performed with a low complication rate and provides a significant improvement in LVEF at 3 months in the absence of restenosis. However, at short-term follow-up, these patients have a greater incidence of persistent angina.
Adult↗
[Making a backlight display panel using a personal computer and a laser imager: a less expensive and less time-consuming method].
To make a backlight display panel for a scientific exhibit, we used a commercially available laser imager. The MR image was directly transferred from the MR apparatus to a personal computer, and other image information was transferred through an image scanner or digital camera. Text for the presentation was made on the commercially available presentation software Persuasion. It took approximately 10 minutes to print out all the panels needed for one exhibit, and cost only 3,600 Yen (600 Yen a film).
Audiovisual Aids↗
Radiological changes of frontometaphyseal dysplasia in the neonate.
The radiological manifestation of frontometaphyseal dysplasia has been well elucidated in later childhood and adulthood, but it has not been thoroughly clarified in the neonate. Here we report the radiological features of a neonate with frontometaphyseal dysplasia. Most features, including twisted ribs, increased interpediculate distances of the lumbar spine, flared ilia, mildly flared and bowed long bones, and arachnodactyly with undermodeled short tubular bones, were reminiscent of those found in older children and adults. A previously undescribed abnormality was advanced ossification of the femoral and tibial epiphyses.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
The detection of breast carcinoma micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.
BACKGROUND: The development of a sensitive method for the detection of breast carcinoma micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes is reported. METHODS: The method was based on amplification of MUC1 mRNA, which encodes a core protein of polymorphic epithelial mucin, by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA, which was extracted from a breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7), primary breast carcinomas, and axillary lymph nodes, was subjected to analysis of MUC1 mRNA expression by the RT-PCR method. RESULTS: MUC1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR in MCF-7 cells and in all 15 primary breast carcinomas but not in control lymph nodes taken from patients with benign diseases. A serial dilution study revealed that MUC1 RT-PCR was a very sensitive method, detecting one MCF-7 cell per 1,000,000 lymph node cells. The detection sensitivity of MUC1 RT-PCR method was compared with that of immunohistochemical staining of an epithelial marker (polymorphic epithelial mucin). Fifty axillary lymph nodes were obtained from 15 patients with primary breast carcinomas, and metastasis in each lymph node was investigated by both methods. The immunohistochemical method demonstrated metastasis in nine lymph nodes, and MUC1 mRNA was detected in all of them. Of the 41 lymph nodes that were diagnosed to be devoid of metastasis by immunohistochemistry, MUC1 mRNA was expressed by 6 but not by the other 35, indicating the presence of micrometastases in these 6 lymph nodes that could be detected only by the MUC1 RT-PCR method. CONCLUSIONS: The MUC1 RT-PCR method is more sensitive than immunohistochemistry for the detection of micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes. This new method would be of practical value in selecting the patients at high risk for relapse from those who are histologically lymph node negative.
Axilla↗
Discrimination between multicentric and multifocal carcinomas of the breast through clonal analysis.
BACKGROUND: An unanswered, important question concerning multiple breast carcinomas is whether they arise independently in the breast (multicentric) or are metastatic deposits from a single, primary carcinoma (multifocal). This issue was studied by clonal analysis of each focus of multiple breast carcinomas. METHODS: First, the clonality of 30 breast carcinomas was analyzed by the method based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of the X-chromosome-linked phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) gene and on random inactivation of the gene. Second, the clonality of each focus of three multiple breast carcinomas was analyzed by the same method. RESULTS: Clonal analysis of the 30 breast carcinomas revealed that every carcinoma was monoclonal in origin, and one of two alleles of the PGK gene was inactivated at random in these carcinomas. Three patients with multiple breast carcinomas had three, three, and four histologically separate foci of carcinoma in the breast, respectively. Clonal analysis showed that each focus was monoclonal in origin and, in addition, the same allele of the PGK gene was inactivated consistently at each focus in every patient. CONCLUSIONS: The thesis that multiple carcinoma foci arise independently is unlikely to be true, because the probability that every independent focus happens to inactivate the same allele of PGK gene in every patient is very low. It seems more likely that a single primary carcinoma spreads throughout the breast to culminate in multiple secondary carcinoma foci. Therefore, it is concluded that multiple breast carcinomas are multifocal and not multicentric in origin.
Breast Neoplasms↗