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Biomedical subjects

T Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to T Adachi.

At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Intragranular colocalization of immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin and oxytocin within the nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary.

To determine differential tissue antigens in the same section immunocytochemically using the electron microscope, the neurohypophysis was examined following the application of a freeze-drying tissue preparation and staining with the protein A-colloidal gold-antibody complex method (Hisano S, Adachi T, Daikoku S: J Histochem Cytochem 32:705, 1984). At the light microscopic level, colocalized immunostaining for methionine-enkephalin (ENK) and oxytocin (OXT) was found in the rat neurohypophysis under different physiological states. Small pieces of the neurohypophysial tissue were frozen and dried. The dried tissue was fixed with paraformaldehyde vapor and embedded. The ultrathin sections were stained with the antibody for ENK coupled with protein A-small colloidal gold, and antibody for OXT or vasopressin (VP) conjugated with protein A-large colloidal gold. The ultrastructures of the nerve terminals were well preserved and showed many membrane-limited secretory granules. It was possible to identify both OXT- and VP-containing nerve terminals as their secretory granules were differentially labeled with protein A-colloidal gold anti-OXT or anti-VP complex, respectively. The secretory granules, which were labeled with large gold particles for OXT, also carry small gold particles. It is evident that ENK coexists with OXT in the same granules.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Echographic findings and histological feature of the thyroid: a reverse relationship between the level of echo-amplitude and lymphocytic infiltration.

In 43 patients with Graves' disease, 5 patients with painless thyroiditis and 30 patients with Hashimoto-thyroiditis ultrasonographical observations and histological examinations by needle biopsy of the thyroid were carried out simultaneously. In all cases the level of echo-amplitude was well correlated with the rate of lymphocytic infiltrations and fibrosis. In cases which exhibited marked lymphocytic infiltrations in the thyroidal biopsy specimen, no apparent echoes or very low amplitude echoes were observed in the whole thyroid and in cases in which replacement with lymphocytic infiltration was observed in almost a half part of the thyroid, several sonolucent regions were observed in the thyroid and in cases in which lymphocytic infiltration or fibrosis was observed sporadically, low-amplitude and uniform echoes were observed in the whole or several regions of the thyroid. In cases with no lymphocytic infiltration in the histological specimen, diffuse high-amplitude and uniform echoes were observed throughout the whole lobe of the thyroid. In patients with painless thyroiditis, the amplitude of echo was low when the level of lymphocytic infiltration was high and the echo-amplitude showed a tendency to increase along with the decrease in the rate of lymphocytic infiltration. From these observations it is concluded that echo-amplitude is well correlated with lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis in patients with Hashimoto-thyroiditis, Hashitoxicosis and painless thyroiditis.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed1984

Enzyme immunoassay of human cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase.

A sensitive and specific sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for human cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (c-AST) has been developed. Serum was incubated with anti-c-AST antibody-coated polystyrene beads, and further incubated with anti-c-AST antibody-peroxidase conjugate. The peroxidase activity bound to the polystyrene bead was proportional to the amount of c-AST. The method allows measurement of serum c-AST ranging from 50-2,000 micrograms/l. No cross-reactivity with m-AST or other serum components was observed. Recovery, within-day precision, and day-to-day precision were good. The levels of c-AST obtained by the proposed EIA were compared with those based on enzyme activity. The results suggest that there is a considerable excess of immunologically active but catalytically inactive c-AST in normal and patient's sera, and that variable specific activities of c-AST are may be found in sera from different individuals.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1984

DNA sequence and transcription of the region upstream of the E. coli gyrB gene.

We have determined the sequence of a 1498 base-pair region in E. coli that extends from within dnaN through recF and into the gyrB gene. An open reading frame of 1071 base pairs has been identified with the recF structural gene. By S1 mapping, we have located a transcription start point 31 base pairs upstream of gyrB. The amount of this transcript is much greater in cells that have been treated with novobiocin, a treatment which is known to induce greater synthesis of DNA gyrase.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Ontogenetic appearance of somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the median eminence of rats.

The development of immunoreactive (ir) somatostatin-containing nerve terminals in the rat median eminence (ME) has been examined electron-microscopically. Nerve fibers containing ir particles scattered throughout the axoplasm are first seen in the external layer of the ME on day 18.5 of gestation, and, on day 21.5 appear to terminate on the basement membrane of the perivascular space of the portal vessels. After birth, the fiber terminals contain several membrane-limited granules, which are labeled with ir PAP particles. Ultrathin, Epon-embedded sections of ME, treated by the protein A gold-labeling method for somatostatin, demonstrate positively labeled granules in the nerve fibers in the postnatal ME, but in the prenatal tissue, no specific gold-labeling is found. These findings show that, in the external layer of the ME, somatostatin storing occurs in the granules in the axonal terminals after birth.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Immunolabeling of adenohypophysial cells with protein A-colloidal gold--antibody complex for electron microscopy: use of the freeze-substitution technique in tissue preparation.

The value of the freeze-substitution (FS) method for preparing tissues for electron microscopic immunohistochemistry was studied by comparing anterior pituitary cells prepared by this method and by a conventional method. Ultrathin sections of tissues embedded in Epon were subjected to immunostaining. The antigens adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and prolactin (PRL) in a single ultrathin section were demonstrated by a simple double-labeling technique using a protein A-colloidal gold-antibody (pAG-Ab) complex. The preservation of cellular ultrastructure was superior in preparations obtained by FS. Gold-labeling was seen over secretory granules, and in ACTH cells also over the cytoplasmic matrix. The labeling was more intense in preparations obtained by FS, judging from the numbers of gold particles. In the double-labeling procedure, in which the pA-small colloidal gold-anti-PRL complex and pA-large colloidal gold-anti-ACTH complex were applied sequentially to sections, no cross-labeling with small and large gold particles was observed. It is concluded that if the antisera are sufficiently specific, the use of FS and the pAG-Ab complex is very effective in peptide immunohistochemistry. However, in the double-labeling procedure it is essential that the Fc-binding sites of pAG are saturated by the use of excess amounts of antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Differential determination of cationic and anionic glutathione S-transferases by enzyme immunoassay.

Specific enzyme immunoassays for cationic and anionic glutathione S-transferases were established using the specific antibodies which were purified by antigen-bound adsorbent column chromatography. The enzyme immunoassay for cationic glutathione S-transferase had high specificity to cationic enzyme, but showed no cross reactivity with anionic one, and vice versa. The recovery of cationic glutathione S-transferase by the enzyme immunoassay was 94.7%, and coefficient of variation for within day and day-to-day precision were 7.8-10.4% and 8.5-12.5%, respectively. The enzyme immunoassay for anionic glutathione S-transferase also had a good recovery and precision. Using these enzyme immunoassays for glutathione S-transferases, sera of various patients were analyzed. Serum cationic glutathione S-transferase was increased in patients with hepatitis and hepatoma, and anionic glutathione S-transferase in serum was increased in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of human tissue kallikrein by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor.

Tissue kallikreins, human urinary and pancreatic kallikrein, were inhibited by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, but the other inhibitors in plasma could not inhibit kallikrein activity towards a synthetic substrate. The kallikrein-inhibitor complex was identified by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The inhibition rate of urinary kallikrein by alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was smaller than that of pancreatic kallikrein, and a less acidic subform of kallikrein was inhibited more rapidly than the more acidic one. Moreover, asialo-kallikrein was inhibited more rapidly than native kallikrein.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1984

Aclarubicin in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Fourteen patients with multiple myeloma received aclarubicin (ACR) intravenous drip infusion at a dose of 15-25 mg/m2/day for 7 days every 3 weeks. Nine of the patients achieved more than a 25% reduction in M-protein. In two of the nine the reduction was more than 50% and the duration of their responses was 2.0 and 2.8 months, respectively. In the nine cases of previous combination chemotherapy-resistant multiple myeloma, five showed more than a 25% reduction and one of them showed more than a 50% reduction in M-protein. One of the two patients with tumors achieved a marked regression of the tumor mass and two of the 14 patients showed marked improvement in subjective symptoms. Hematological toxicity, anorexia, nausea and vomiting occurred frequently. However, no cardiac toxicity obviously attributable to ACR was detected, and alopecia was generally mild. Thus, the above results indicate that ACR may be useful in combination chemotherapy for multiple myeloma because of its effectiveness and relatively low dose-limiting factors.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMed1983

Ontogenesis of hypothalamic immunoreactive ACTH cells in vivo and in vitro: role of Rathke's pouch.

The ontogenesis of immunoreactive (ir) ACTH cells and ir alpha-MSH cells in rat hypothalamus was studied in vivo and in vitro. Ir ACTH cells first appeared in the neuroepithelial cell layer lining the floor of the third ventricle on Day 13.5 of gestation, whereas ir alpha-MSH first appeared in the cytoplasm of several ir ACTH cells in the basal part of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus on Day 19.5. When the medial-basal hypothalamus of 12.5-day embryos was cultured alone, a few ir ACTH cells were found after culture for 10 days, but not 3 days, and no ir alpha-MSH cells were observed in the cultures. When the hypothalamus was cultured with Rathke's pouch (intact or without the intermediate lobe anlage), ir ACTH cells appeared within 3 days. In these cultures on Days 6 and 10, long beaded fibers were seen projecting from cells in the neuronal tissue, and some cells showed immunolabeling for alpha-MSH. When the hypothalamus was cocultured with oral epithelium instead of Rathke's pouch, the appearance of neuronal ir ACTH cells was like that in cultures of hypothalamus alone. These in vitro findings suggest that stimulus from the anterior lobe anlage of the pituitary is necessary for normal development of ir ACTH/alpha-MSH cells in the hypothalamus.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Physiological activity of warburganal and its reactivity with sulfhydryl groups.

Warburganal, a unique dialdehyde sesquiterpene isolated from East African Warburgia plants, showed a strong antifungal activity. However, this growth inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was reversed with L-cysteine. In addition, warburganal inhibited the alcoholic fermentation of S. cerevisiae while L-cysteine reversed this inhibition. When alcohol dehydrogenase, a sulfhydryl enzyme, was incubated with warburganal, the enzyme activity decreased with time. The decrease was more rapid at alkaline pH. L-Cysteine prevented this enzyme inhibition by warburganal but could not restore the enzyme activity lost already due to warburganal. Warburganal lost its characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum in the presence of L-cysteine. The change in absorbance was favored at alkaline pH, indicating Michael reaction type addition of L-cysteine to warburganal. Based on these observations, a variety of physiological activities due to warburganal appear to result from its irreversible reactivity with sulfhydryl groups.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1983

Variations in 5'-nucleotidase activity in established mesenchymal cell lines from syngeneic A/J mice.

5'-Nucleotidase activity was analyzed in four different mesenchymal cell lines (F, m, e and SP) established from syngeneic A/J mice. The 5'-nucleotidase activity of fibroblasts was lower in transformed cells (F and m) than in nontransformed cells (e). An increase in cell contact during confluence or during high cell density increased 5'-nucleotidase activity, and a decrease in cell contact caused a decrease in 5'-nucleotidase activity in both fibroblastic (F, m and e) and reticulum (SP) cell lines. These results are evidence that 5'-nucleotidase activity in mesenchymal cells is influenced by intercellular contact as well as transformation.

5'-Nucleotidase↗