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Biomedical subjects

T Abe

Publications and source records attributed to T Abe.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Muscle enlargement in sumo wrestlers includes increased muscle fascicle length.

Skeletal muscle architecture was measured in 28 college sumo wrestlers (Sumo) and 30 control subjects. Pennation angle (PAN) and muscle thickness (MTH) of the triceps long head (TL), vastus lateralis (VL) and gastrocnemius medialis (MG) and lateralis (LG) muscles were measured by B-mode ultrasonography, and fascicle length (FAL) was estimated. Sumo wrestlers had a significantly greater percentage body fat [mean (SD) 33.9 (9.4)%], fat mass [41.7 (18.5) kg], and fat-free mass [76.8 (7.5) kg] than the controls [15.6 (2.5)%, 9.3 (2.4) kg, and 49.9 (6.2) kg, respectively]. MTH was between 18 and 35% greater in sumo wrestlers than in controls. The sumo wrestlers had a significantly greater PAN in the TL, MG and LG muscles than did the controls, but not in the VL. There were significant correlations between PAN and MTH for the sumo wrestlers (r values from 0.33 to 0.57), suggesting that PAN is a function of the relative state of muscle enlargement. FAL was greater (P < 0.01) in the Sumo group for TL (7.26 cm vs 6.13 cm), VL (10.01 cm vs 6.97 cm) and MG (6.41 cm vs 5.53 cm) than in the controls, but not for LG (7.61 cm vs 7.04 cm). Relative FAL correlated significantly with MTH for these muscles in the Sumo group [r values from 0.45 (P < 0.05) to 0.71 (P < 0.01)]. There appear to be architectural differences in the muscle fascicles between sumo wrestlers and controls, with sumo wrestlers having longer fascicles. A greater FAL appears to limit the degree of change in PAN associated with the extreme muscle enlargement seen in sumo wrestlers. This architectural alteration may ultimately improve the expression of the force/cross-sectional area relationship with extreme muscle enlargement.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

Time course for strength and muscle thickness changes following upper and lower body resistance training in men and women.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of skeletal muscle adaptations resulting from high-intensity, upper and lower body dynamic resistance training (WT). A group of 17 men and 20 women were recruited for WT, and 6 men and 7 women served as a control group. The WT group performed six dynamic resistance exercises to fatigue using 8-12 repetition maximum (RM). The subjects trained 3 days a week for 12 weeks. One-RM knee extension (KE) and chest press (CP) exercises were measured at baseline and at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 for the WT group. Muscle thickness (MTH) was measured by ultrasound at eight anatomical sites. One-RM CP and KE strength had increased significantly at week 4 for the female WT group. For the men in the WT group, 1 RM had increased significantly at week 2 for KE and at week 6 for CP. The mean relative increases in KE and CP strength were 19% and 19% for the men and 19% and 27% for the women, respectively, after 12 weeks of WT. Resistance training elicited a significant increase in MTH of the chest and triceps muscles at week 6 in both sexes. There were non-significant trends for increases in quadriceps MTH for the WT groups. The relative increases in upper and lower body MTH were 12%-21% and 7%-9% in the men and 10%-31% and 7%-8% in the women respectively, after 12 weeks of WT. These results would suggest that increases in MTH in the upper body are greater and occur earlier compared to the lower extremity, during the first 12 weeks of a total body WT programme. The time-course and proportions of the increase in strength and MTH were similar for both the men and the women.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

New approaches for successful islet transplantation.

The long-term control of glucose metabolism is expected to be achieved with insulin-secreting pancreatic islets transplanted as the whole pancreas or isolated islet tissue. The current clinical outcomes of such procedures are unsatisfactory compared with that of whole organ transplantation or experimental islet transplantation, although the safety of the transplantation procedure itself is assured. In this review, we first describe the immunological characteristics of purified islets in an attempt to explain the differences between the results for human and experimental islet transplantation. We then introduce new approaches currently undertaken in our laboratory that could, we hope, make islet transplantation more successful.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed2000

Hepatocellular carcinoma complicated by hemothorax.

Although hemoperitoneum is a well-known cause of death induced by rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). hemothorax caused by rupture of HCC has not been adequately described. We report here a 64-year-old woman who died of bleeding from pleural wall metastasis of HCC. She presented with liver failure and sudden-onset hypotension, and on the same day, she died of hypovolemic shock associated with liver failure. Autopsy revealed HCC metastatic to the lungs and right pleura and 21 of bloody pleural effusion in the right side. The cut surface of the metastatic nodule in the right pleura was filled with coagulated blood and necrotic tissue. We concluded that the pleural metastasis had ruptured and caused the right hemothorax. We discuss reported cases of HCC complicated by hemothorax.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2000

Anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies in a patient with type B insulin resistance and fasting hypoglycemia.

We studied a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and type B insulin resistance who showed almost complete normalization of postprandial plasma glucose in 3 months and a transient occurrence of fasting hypoglycemia from day 35 (i.e. the 35th day of hospitalization) to day 77. To determine the clinical relevance of the biological ability of anti-insulin receptor antibodies (anti-IRAb), we made multiple preparations of the patient's dialyzed serum and IgG. Dialyzed serum prepared on day 1 showed 95% inhibition of insulin binding. The binding inhibition was, however, decreased parallel to the normalization of insulin sensitivity. For 2DG uptake, 6.2 microM IgG purified on 3 different days (days 7, 35 and 78, designated IgG-NOV, -JAN, and -FEB, respectively) stimulated 2DG uptake into CHO-hIR at 3.4-, 3.1-, and 1.5-fold, respectively. Phosphotyrosine immunoblotting revealed that apparent insulin receptor autophosphorylation was visible only with IgG-NOV, not with the IgG-JAN or -FEB. Mutation of tyrosine-960 or lysine-1018 of the insulin receptor failed to transduce the IgG's stimulatory effect. IgG-NOV was not able to stimulate the autophosphorylation of the human IGF-I receptor. In the present study, the insulin binding inhibitory activities of the dialyzed sera prepared at different time points were shown to be altered parallel to insulin sensitivity in vivo. Stimulatory activities of the patient's IgG were, however, discordant for the occurrence of fasting hypoglycemia observed in vivo. Other pathogenic factors or mechanisms in addition to the insulin-like action of the anti-IRAb may be also required to fully understand the development of fasting hypoglycemia in type B insulin resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Total arch replacement with an aortic arch aneurysm due to chronic interstitial pneumonia: report of a case.

The case of a 66-year-old man who had rheumatoid arthritis, chronic interstitial pneumonia (IP) with honeycomb lung, and an aortic arch aneurysm is described. He complained of left chest pain in April 1998 and chest computed tomography revealed an enlargement of a thoracic aneurysm whose maximum diameter reached 7 cm. He was urgently transferred to our institution to undergo immediate surgery for an impending rupture of the aneurysm. His PaO2 with 80 Torr with oxygen therapy. The operation included a median sternotomy, extracorporeal circulation with selective cerebral perfusion, the use of cold blood cardioplegic solution, and open distal anastomosis. Although an acute exacerbation of IP occurred 2 months after the surgery, he successfully received intensive care including high-dose steroid therapy and artificial ventilation. He was successfully weaned from the ventilator and is now being followed up with medical treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Transsphenoidal cephaloceles in adults. A report of two cases and review of the literature.

Transsphenoidal cephalocele rarely occurs in adults. We describe two adult cases with transsphenoidal cephaloceles. The first case was a 53-year-old female who presented with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a transsphenoidal meningocele. Surgical repair was attempted via the transsphenoidal route. Rhinorrhea recurred at one month and also two years later. Transsphenoidal surgical repairs were repeated. There has been no evidence of CSF leakage in the four years of follow-up after the last surgery. Transsphenoidal repair seems to be the most suitable approach in this case. The second case was a 26-year-old female with secondary amenorrhea, diabetes insipidus, bitemporal hemianopsia, and see-saw nystagmus. MR imaging demonstrated a transsphenoidal encephalocele with the optic chiasma and infundibular recesses descending into the meningocele and an agenesis of the corpus callosum. The first operation was performed via the transnasal route and the second by sublabial transmaxillary transsphenoidal approach six months later. Postoperative MR imaging revealed reduction of the encephalocele. There was neither worsening nor noticeable improvement in the neurological or endocrinological function. However, in this type, complete repair is often impossible, and non-radical surgery such as transsphenoidal repair may be indicated as most suitable. They should be selected with careful assessment referring to MR findings and clinical symptoms and signs.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Intraventricular malignant triton tumour.

The authors present the clinical and pathological features of a malignant triton tumour (MTT) in the lateral ventricle with neurofibromatosis type 1. A 57 year-old man presented with disorientation and memory disturbance. A Computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed an enhancing lesion in the left lateral ventricle. A parieto-occipital transcallosal approach was taken and resection of the lesion was performed. The operative findings suggested that the tumour arose from the perivascular nerves. The final pathological diagnosis was a MTT. This is the first case of an intraventricular MTT. Aggressive treatment including radical surgery combined with radiochemotherapy is recommended for a MTT of the central nervous system.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Usefulness of gallium-67 scintigraphy in neurohypophyseal germinoma.

The application of gallium-67 (67Ga) citrate has not been reported for the detection of an intracranial germinoma. The purpose of this report is to further evaluate the effectiveness of 67Ga scintigraphy in neurohypophyseal germinomas. 67Ga studies in five male patients with histologically verified intracranial pure germinomas were evaluated. Two germinomas were located in the neurohypophysis, two in the pineal region, and one in both the neurohypophysis and pineal region. The control group included 36 patients with histologically verified pituitary macro-adenomas. 67Ga study at the time of original diagnosis showed an abnormal accumulation in two neurohypophyseal germinomas, and negative accumulation in the other germinomas. In the two patients with neurohypophyseal germinomas, 67Ga study showed an abnormal accumulation in the intracranial tumour region in accordance with magnetic resonance (MR) findings. After postoperative irradiation or chemoradiotherapy, MR imaging and 67Ga studies revealed the complete disappearance of this tumour and no metastatic spread. In one of these two patients, a whole-body 67Ga study demonstrated multiple bone metastases one year later, and the reduction of these metastatic regions after chemotherapy. 67Ga study disclosed negative accumulation in all 36 pituitary macroadenomas. Although 67Ga uptake by neurohypophyseal germinomas may not be specific for this condition, this approach may provide some clues for diagnosing patients with neurohypophyseal germinomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Extensive lymphopenia due to apoptosis of uninfected lymphocytes in acute measles patients.

Infection with measles virus induces a transient immunosuppression, which occasionally results in fatal opportunistic infections. To obtain fundamental information about the mechanism, we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from acute measles patients aged from infants to 35 years old, obtained at various times from incubation periods to 103 days after onset of rash, for the number of lymphocyte subsets by flowcytometry. The data were analyzed for relationships between aging of the patients and the severity of immunosuppression. In classical measles cases, infected lymphocytes detected as a minor population during the incubation period disappeared soon after onset of rash, whereas in the cases of serious illness, the infected cells persisted longer after the rash. At the onset of rash, remarkable lymphopenia had already occurred in all measles cases with reduction in cell numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, neutrophils, and monocytes. In contrast, natural killer (NK) cells were increased in number and activated, which might be a response compensatory for the lymphopenia. Apoptosis-associated molecules such as CD95(Fas) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-receptor (TRAIL-R) were highly expressed on the cell surface of most surviving non-infected lymphocytes, and DNA fragmentation was also observed upon incubation in vitro. These results suggested that the profound lymphopenia was primarily due to extended death of non-infected blood cells caused by apoptosis. The severity and duration of the lumphopenia were age-dependent; less severe in young children whereas much severer in infants under one year of age as well as adolescents and adults. From these results, it was suggested that remarkable lymphopenia due to apoptosis of uninfected cells is one of the principal causes for immunosuppression induced by measles virus infection, and is correlated with the age-dependent severity of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

Molecular analysis of Wilson disease in Taiwan: identification of one novel mutation and evidence of haplotype-mutation association.

Wilson disease (WND) is caused by a deficiency of the copper-transporting enzyme, P-type ATPase (ATP7B). Twelve different mutations have previously been identified in Taiwan Chinese with Wilson disease. We, herein, report another 4 missense mutations, 1 of which is novel. We did haplotype analysis of Taiwanese WND chromosomes, using three well characterized short tandem repeat markers (haplotype was assigned in the order of D13S314-D13S301-D13S316). Association correlation was found between the mutations and their respective haplotypes. Haplotype-deduced pedigree analysis was shown to be helpful in the mutation analysis of WND chromosomes and in the molecular assessment of both pre-symptomatic WND patients and carriers. Given the complexity and heterogeneity of the mutation spectrum of ATP7B, we suggest that haplotype analysis should be performed before full-scale mutation analysis.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2000

Increased expression of adrenomedullin mRNA in the tissues of intraocular and orbital tumors.

PURPOSE: To explore the possible involvement of adrenomedullin in the pathophysiology of intraocular and orbital tumors. METHODS: Competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine adrenomedullin mRNA levels in the tissues from 40 consecutive patients (40 eyes) undergoing vitrectomy, orbital tissue biopsy, or enucleation for various ocular diseases, including intraocular (n = 4) and orbital (n = 3) tumors, proliferative vitreoretinopathy (n = 8), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 8), age-related macular degeneration (n = 4), preretinal macular fibrosis (n = 9), and acute retinal necrosis (n = 4). RESULTS: Adrenomedullin mRNA levels in the tissues obtained from patients with intraocular or orbital tumors were significantly higher than those of patients with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (P <.05), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (P <.05), preretinal macular fibrosis (P <.005), and acute retinal necrosis (P <.01). CONCLUSION: Adrenomedullin may play a role in the pathophysiology of intraocular and orbital tumors.

Adrenomedullin↗
PubMed2000

Graft replacement for huge aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery.

We present 2 cases of huge aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery without significant pulmonary artery hypertension or intracardiac shunt. Both patients underwent surgery where resection of the aneurysm and graft replacement, using Hemashield prosthesis (Meadox Medicals, Oakland, NJ), was performed. They are now leading normal lives without any symptoms.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Successful surgical treatment of giant coronary artery aneurysm with fistula.

Giant coronary artery aneurysm with fistula formation is a rare entity. We report a giant coronary artery aneurysm with a maximum diameter of 70 mm with fistula, in which a favorable course was obtained after surgical treatment. We also review the literature on giant coronary artery aneurysms exceeding 50 mm in maximum diameter.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation↗
PubMed2000

Giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) venomous phospholipases. The purification, characterization and inhibitory properties by biscoclaurine alkaloids.

Two species of giant hornet phospholipase B (PLB), alpha and beta, were purified from the venom of Vespa mandarinia. The purification procedure was simplified by two steps of column chromatographies, Sephadex G-100 and SP-Sepharose. The molecular sizes of PLB alpha and beta were 29.5 and 26.0 kDa, respectively. The isoelectric point of alpha and beta enzymes were pH 10.6 and 10.7, respectively. The temperature optimum for egg yolk lecithin was a broad peak at 40-60 degrees C for both enzymes. Amino acid compositions of both enzymes were high contents of aspartic acid, glycine, leucine, lysine and other aliphatic amino acids. Cystine was similar amounts to other species of phospholipases (PLs). The K(m) values of alpha and beta enzymes were 8.29 and 7.53 mg/ml for egg yolk lecithin, respectively. In the catalytic specificity for L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine-beta-oleoil-gamma-palmitoil, the K(m) values of alpha enzyme for gamma-palmitoil and beta-oleoil residues were 0.528 and 1.392 mM, respectively. While the K(m) values of beta enzyme for gamma-palmitoil and beta-oleoil residues were 7.91 and 2. 68 mM, respectively. Both alpha and beta enzymes were inhibited strongly by cepharanthine. The lecithin hydrolysis of alpha enzyme was competitively inhibited, but beta enzyme was uncompetitive. Cepharanthine also inhibited noncompetitively PLA(2)s of bovine pancreas, bee venom and Naja mossambica mossambica.

Alkaloids↗