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Biomedical subjects

T A Yemen

Publications and source records attributed to T A Yemen.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Immediate 8% sevoflurane induction in children: a comparison with incremental sevoflurane and incremental halothane.

We compared the efficacy and tolerance of pediatric inductions with immediate 8% sevoflurane in 70% nitrous oxide with either incremental sevoflurane or incremental halothane in 70% nitrous oxide. Forty-six unpremedicated children had anesthesia induced by immediate 8% sevoflurane (high sevoflurane [HS]; circuit primed with 70% N2O and 8% sevoflurane before application of the face mask), gradual sevoflurane (GS; primed with 70% N2O with increments of sevoflurane), and gradual halothane (HAL; 70% N2O with incremental halothane). Blind video recordings were made, and each child's distress was rated prior to mask application, during mask application, and every 10 s thereafter using a behavioral rating scale. There were no complications. Of those subjects not quiet and cooperative throughout, times to complete quiet were significantly different (P = 0.001): HS 19.8 +/- 8 s (range 9-34); GS 52 +/- 17 s (range 8-73); HAL 43 +/- 22 s (range 13-73). Times to eye closure were also significantly different (P < 0.001): HS 37 +/- 10 s (range 15-56); GS 70 +/- 18 s (range 35-114); HAL 81 +/- 34 s (range 55-140). Distress scale scores showed more rapid decrement with HS than with GS or HAL. We conclude that 1) immediate 8% sevoflurane/N2O results in a significantly faster induction than GS or HAL;2) in children, HS in N2O will not result in a single-breath induction under the conditions of this study; 3) in this small group, HS was extremely well tolerated in ASA class I and II patients.

Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit↗
PubMed1996

Airway management in neuroanaesthesia.

PURPOSE: Airway management in neurosurgical patients presents unique challenges to the anaesthetist. This review will consider specific approaches to numerous problems in airway management related to logistical, physiological and anatomical concerns. The goal is to provide a clinically oriented and practical discussion regarding issues of airway management in neurosurgical patients. SOURCE: The recent literature has been reviewed regarding airway management options and related perioperative complications in the neurosurgical population. This is interlaced with approaches to many of the problems and their solutions based on experience gained in a very busy university neurosurgical practice over the past decade. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Specific pathophysiological alterations in the neurosurgical patient influence the technique chosen for securing an airway. These relate to the presence of increased intracranial pressure, intracranial aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. Other important disorders influencing airway management include severe coronary artery disease, acromegaly and congenital airway difficulties. Stereotactic neurosurgery and conscious sedation for various neurosurgical procedures also provide unique challenges. There are other considerations unique to the neurosurgical patient such as intra-and postoperative airway obstruction and the timing of postoperative extubation. CONCLUSION: The demands for airway management in neuroanaesthesia require expertise in the various modes of securing the airway while considering the patient's physiological requirements as well as the unique surgical demands.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1994

Drug errors.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Canada↗
PubMed1994

Pediatric airway in health and disease.

The most common cause of pediatric anesthetic morbidity is the failure to adequately oxygenate. Problems with pediatric airways are the major cause of this inability to provide adequate oxygenation. Problems with pediatric airways and the diseases that affect them require not only knowledge about their pathophysiology but also considerable hands-on experience and respect for the complications that subsequently occur. It is hoped that by sharing knowledge and experiences, pediatricians can improve the care all of us strive to give our young patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Noninvasive monitoring in the pediatric patient.

Substantial technological improvements have been made in the field of noninvasive monitoring. Additionally, our understanding of what these monitors will and will not do has changed the practice of pediatric anesthesia. In the 1990s it has become apparent that many cardiorespiratory parameters can be easily and safely monitored noninvasively. It is also apparent that no single monitor is capable of providing all the information necessary to provide safe anesthetic care. Those of us who provide anesthesia for children on a regular basis have come to appreciate these monitors not as an annoyance required for medicolegal protection but as tools that help improve the quality and safety of the anesthesia care our children receive. Use of these monitors represents the leading edge of an effort to reduce anesthesia morbidity and mortality to zero.

Auscultation↗