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Biomedical subjects

T A Williams

Publications and source records attributed to T A Williams.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Characterization of neuronal and endothelial forms of angiotensin converting enzyme in pig brain.

The molecular forms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) in preparations of pig brain cortical microvessels and striatal synaptosomal membranes have been identified by immunoelectrophoretic blot analysis. The cortical microvessels contained only the endothelial form of the enzyme, Mr 180,000, which comigrated with pig kidney ACE on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast, the synaptosomal membranes contained only a smaller form of ACE, Mr 170,000, which represents the neuronal form of the enzyme. No significant differences in inhibitor sensitivity or substrate specificity were detected between the two forms of ACE. In particular, neurokinin A was resistant to hydrolysis by either microvessel or synaptosomal membrane ACE, and the pattern of hydrolysis of substance P by the two preparations was identical.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prevalence by Self-report questionnaire and recognition by nonpsychiatric physicians.

Previous studies of medical outpatients have documented a high prevalence of depression that is often unrecognized by primary physicians. However, the subjective methodologies of most of these studies limit their quantitative and comparative usefulness. By contrast, in the present study, 526 medical outpatients completed a self-report questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Questionnaire results were calibrated by psychiatric interviews of a subsample of 41 patients. The prevalence of depression was 12.2% when at least mild depression was used as a criterion; the rate for moderate depression was 5.5%, and the rate for severe, probably "psychotic," depression was 0.6%. A review of medical charts showed that primary physicians failed to diagnose about 50% of both depressed and otherwise impaired patients. The BDI was shown to be a sensitive screening test; its use is advocated to improve recognition of depression by primary physicians.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The reliability of diagnoses by technician computer, and algorithm.

Described a computer-assisted system for intake assessment. Previous evaluation studies are reviewed. Two experiments (N = 30; N = 35) are reported that compared the reliability of a diagnostic procedure that involves technicians, a structured interview schedule, and a computerized diagnostic program with diagnoses made by clinicians. Results show that the computer-assisted technician approach is as reliable as the conventional method.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1980

The Siemens-Elema Servo Ventilator 900 B for the management of newborn infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome: a 22-month trial.

The Siemens-Elema Servo Ventilator 900 B is an electronically-controlled, volume-limited ventilator. To adapt this ventilator for use in newborns with respiratory failure, minute volume control, PEEP valves, air-oxygen blenders, and respiratory tubing circuits were modified. During a 22-month period, 161 newborn infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were managed with this ventilator. The overall survival rate was 66%; the incidence of barotrauma was 20%; the survival rate was 53%. Of the infants studied, 12% developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and 79% of these survived. Of the 19% of patients with a symptomatic intraventricular hemorrhage, 6% survived. The experience of the authors with this ventilator modified to manage newborn infants with severe RDS has been extremely encouraging. Furthermore, this ventilator is versatile because it can be readily recalibrated for use in older patients and can be easily adapted for patients requiring surgery. This ventilator has the extremely important advantage of being a volume ventilator which can effectively provide positive pressure ventilatory support to patients of all age and weight groups.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

An exploratory study of the interaction between personality and psychopathology.

Presented an exploratory study that focused on the relationship between personality and psychopathology. A sample of 389 male veterans was evaluation and diagnostically categorized into four mental illness categories and one nonmental illness group. Each S was tested with the MMPI and the Differential Personality Questionnaire. Several analyses were performed to test two of Zubin's (1967) hypotheses about possible interactions between personality and psychopathology. Results are seen as suggestive that personality is neither independent nor interactive with psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A radioimmunoassay for danazol (17alpha-pregna-2,4-dien-20-yno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol).

A method is described for the radioimmunoassay of circulating levels of the pituitary inhibiting agent, danazol. An antigen for danazol was prepared by reacting a 17-carboxy-methyloxime derivative of danazol with bovine serum albumin. By immunizing rabbits with this antigen, antiserum was generated which shows excellent specificity for danazol relative to its known metabolites as well as to many natural steroids. A radioimmunoassay was developed, without using separation or extraction techniques, involving competition for the antiserum between danazol in plasma and 14C-danazol. This assay has been successfully used to measure danazol in a series of normal human subjects receiving the drug at either 100 or 200 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks. A significant relationship was seen between dosage of danazol and plasma concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

An external criterion study of the MMPI validity indices.

Two hundred and twenty-eight veterans who requested either inpatient or outpatient treatment at a VA Hospital were administered an MMPI and a structured mental status examination (the CAPPS) to determine whether MMPI validity indicators would be useful in the prediction of dissimulation during a structured interview. Statistically significant relationships were found between both F and F-K and ratings of "fake bad" interview behavior. However, the authors point out that the rather small correlations discovered are of little practical utility in the prediction of dissimulation during structured interviews, especially when consideration is given to the amount of time and effort expended to administer and score the MMPI.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Recognition in episodic long-term memory in schizophrenia.

Recognition memory is one of the few areas of cognition in schizophrenia in which deficit has not been found. Such a finding has important theoretical implications for the understanding of schizophrenia. However, past studies in this area have been experimentally deficient. This paper presents a study of recognition in long-term episodic memory in schizophrenia in which previous findings of no deficit were replicated. The nature of the cognitive deficit in schizophrenia is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A validational study of the WIST as a group-administered instrument for assessment of schizophrenic thinking.

The objective assessment of thought disorder in schizophrenia is problemmatic in clinical psychology. Recently an individually administered instrument (WIST) was introduced as a brief, objective, and quantitative measure of schizophrenic thought processes. Possible shortcomings of the WIST are noted; experimental findings that concern extension to group testing conditions, convergent validity with another self-report measure of schizophrenia, and discriminant validity from intellectual level are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A retest of MMPI prediction of admission to a psychiatric hospital.

In a previous study, Jones, Kahn, and Langsley (1965) investigated the hypothesis that the MMPI would prove clinically useful in the prediction of admission to a psychiatric hospital. They found that the MMPI had negligible predictive validity for such an application. However, several methodological flaws left the conclusion of that study in doubt. This paper retested the hypothesis that the MMPI can be predictive of the admission decision when a sophisticated multivariate classification technique and adequate sample size are used. Given our results, the hypothesis again must be rejected. Possible problems associated with testing an hypothesis such as this are discussed.

Adult↗