Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T A Bongso

Publications and source records attributed to T A Bongso.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Chromosomes of gaur cross domestic cattle hybrids.

The chromosomes of five gaur (Bos gaurus hubbacki) domestic cattle (B indicus cross B taurus) hybrids (three females, two males) were studied using the leucocyte culture method and centromeric (C) banding technique. All the hybrids had a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 58, made up of two submetacentric autosomes (different in size) and 54 acrocentric autosomes, most of which could be arranged in pairs in descending order of size. The sex (X) chromosomes in females were a pair of submetacentric chromosomes smaller than the submetacentric autosomes. The Y chromosome in males was a small submetacentric chromosome. The C banding patterns were useful in identifying the X and Y chromosomes and the inherited submetacentric autosomes from the gaur sire. Phenotypically, the hybrids resembled normal B indicus cross B taurus calves except for the presence of a distinct hump-like dorsal ridge containing the spinous processes of the third to 11th thoracic vertebrae, upright 'deer-like' ears and long lean legs. The potential of these hybrids as important genetic resources for meat production is stressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Relative importance of larval and adult Mecistocirrus digitatus in inducing resistance to a reinfection in calves.

Calves immunized with adult Mecistocirrus digitatus implanted directly into the abomasum did not develop a substantial degree of immunity to a subsequent large oral (challenge) dose of larvae, which developed to maturity. In contrast animals immunized by oral infection developed strong resistance. The calves implanted with adult worms appeared to show a greater degree of susceptibility to maturation of the challenge infection than controls which received a challenge of the same magnitude without any previous immunization. The implanted female adult worms established in the hosts and continued to produce more eggs for a longer time than those which developed to maturity from the oral immunizing infection with third-stage larvae. Passive haemagglutination studies revealed that the implanted adult worms stimulated little or no antibody response in the hosts. In the calves which did not show a response to the adult worm implant the subsequent challenge with an oral infective dose of third-stage larvae also failed to stimulate a response. Likewise the two calves from the group which showed a weak antibody response to the adult worm implant did not show an increased response when challenged. In contrast, calves immunized with an oral infection of third-stage larvae had an antibody response which showed a vigorous rise on challenge in four of the five calves. Thus a direct relationship between resistance to challenge infection and the antibody response determined by the passive haemagglutination and gel-diffusion tests was observed in the calves immunized orally.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1984

Relationship of scrotal circumference and testicular volume to age and body weight in the swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

Scrotal circumference (SC) and testicular volume (TV) were measured in 65 swamp buffalo bulls ranging in age from 7 to 60 months and weighing 130 kg to 560 kg. Ages and body weight (BW) were recorded for each male at the time of measurement to find out if they correlated with SC and TV. SC and TV increased linearly and correlated significantly with age and BW (SC vs age: r=0.74, p<0.01; SC vs BW: r=0.88, p<0.01; TV vs BW: r=0.82, p<0.01). SC measurements ranged from 15.1+/-1.1 cm to 24.0+/-0.4 cm for ages ranging from 10.0+/-0.6 to 48.5+/-6.3 months, revealing that testicular size in swamp buffaloes was very much smaller than domestic cattle. The SC norms distributed with age would be useful in the evaluation of swamp buffalo males for breeding soundness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1983

Comparative silver staining patterns of water buffalo, goat, and pig spermatozoa.

Spermatozoa from river and swamp water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), goat, and pig were stained using a silver nitrate procedure and examined under bright field optics. The silver nitrate differentiated many detailed morphologic features of the head, midpiece, and tail of spermatozoa between the species studied. Acrosomal integrity due to sperm injury or aging and various sperm abnormalities were also clearly identified by silver nitrate. Silver staining patterns revealed species-specific and strain-specific differences, particularly of the sperm head. The biochemical basis of silver staining has been attributed to the presence of sulphydryl and disulphide-rich proteins. The technique is relatively inexpensive, rapid, and repeatable and may be useful for biological research and evaluation of semen for artificial insemination.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Testicular cells in hybrid water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis).

Meiotic chromosome behaviour and testicular histology were studied in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) including two river (Murrah), two swamp and three F1 (Murrah cross swamp) hybrids aged between two and two and a half years, from testicular biopsies obtained by an open surgical method. Meiotic preparations revealed spermatogonial metaphases, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis, first and second meiotic metaphases and spermatozoa in all three types of buffalo. Chromosome sets ranging from 22 to 26 (most frequent, 24 and 25) with many cells carrying univalent, bivalent and multivalent configurations were observed in hybrids, whereas the meiotic cells in the Murrah and swamp showed chromosome sets exclusively of 25 and 24 (bivalents) respectively. Histological examination of the hybrid testis revealed a large proportion of degenerating spermatocytes and abnormal spermatids in the process of spermiogenesis suggesting that the various synaptic associations leading to unbalanced gametes may be responsible for the degenerating germ cells in the hybrids. The unbalanced meiotic products will probably lead to selection against such spermatozoa or early embryos after fertilisation. Due to a large percentage of germinal epithelial cells in F1 hybrids being wasted, the fertility of backcross and F2 generations will be subnormal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A laparoscopic technique for in vivo observation of ovaries in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

A technique was developed for observing the ovaries of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) restrained in a standing position using a laparoscope (10 mm diameter, 600 mm length) inserted in the right paralumbar fossa after sedation with xylazine and local infiltration anaesthesia. Insufflation of the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide was necessary to pass the laparoscope along the body wall to the pelvic inlet where both ovaries could be examined in detail with a manipulating probe inserted ipsilaterally. Twenty-one buffaloes were subjected to 50 laparoscopic examinations without infections or adverse reactions. Laparoscopy was a simple, reliable and rapid technique for repeated observation of the ovaries in the buffalo.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Relationship of scrotal circumference to age, body weight and onset of spermatogenesis in goats.

Scrotal circumference (SC) and body weight (BW) measurements were obtained from 122 crossbred (SaanenxLoca; JumnaparixLocal) bucks, ranging in age from 3 to 28 months. Spermatogenesis and semeniferous tubule diameters were studied from testicular biopsies in 24 bucks. The results showed that SC increased curvilinearly and was significantly correlated with age (P<0.05). Scrotal circumference correlated more significantly with BW (P<0.001). Spermatogenesis was completed at 6-7 months with a sudden increase in tubular diameter at the same time. Since SC is an indirect measurement of testicular size, a marked increase in testicular size indicated the onset of active spermatogenesis and, hence, the possibility of using bucks for breeding at an earlier age than normally recommended. Further, SC norms obtained in this study may become useful in the evaluation of bucks for breeding soundness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Intersexuality associated with XX/XY mosaicism in a horned goat.

Anatomical, histological, and cytogenetic studies were undertaken on a horned intersex goat kid and three of its normal litter mates. The intersex had male type horns, male beard, vestigial mammary glands, female external genitalia, and an enlarged peniform clitoris, exuded a pungent male odor, had a male bleat, and came into estrus every 20 days. At laparotomy and subsequent slaughter, an ovotestes was observed on the right side and a testis and epididymal remnants on the left side. Uterine horn segments, cervix, vagina, and enlarged clitoris (2 cm) were also present. Histologically, spermatogenesis was not observed in either testis, but active Leydig cells were present. The ovary contained mature follicles. Chromosome analysis revealed 60XX/60XY cell populations in blood, bone marrow, and skin. Lymphocytic metaphases from the male and female cosibs showed single populations of 60XY and 60XX, respectively. Mosaicism associated with the horned condition in the intersex goat was established.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Examination of Droughtmaster bulls for breeding soundness.

Forty Droughtmaster bulls were evaluated for breeding soundness, using the method of examination and criteria for classifying bulls of the Society for Theriogenelogy. Eighty three percent of the bulls were classified as satisfactory, 14 percent as questionable and 3 percent as unsatisfactory breeders. Scrotal circumference for 2 to 8-year-old bulls were smaller in questionable and unsatisfactory bulls, as compared to satisfactory bulls. For bulls rated as satisfactory breeders, the scrotal circumference of 37 to 43 cms was higher than for other beef breeds. Three related bulls (2 questionable, 1 satisfactory) carried sperm defects classified as 'knobbed' (38 +/- 3%), 'Dag' (40 +/- 4%) and 'pseudo-droplets' (41 +/- 5%), which may adversely affect fertility.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

Testicular hypoplasia in a bull with XX/XY chimerism.

A 4-year-old 1/2 Hereford X Bos indicus bull displayed XX/XY chimerism associated with arrested spermatogenesis. Phenotypic examination revealed underdeveloped dorsal neck muscles, a non-pendulous scrotum, testes firm in consistency and a scrotal circumference measurement of 27 cm. On rectal palpation, small seminal vesicles were present and only azoospermic seminal fluid was collected at 3 monthly electroejaculations. Chromosome analysis on 2 monthly batches of leukocyte cultures showed a mean chimeric ratio of 80% of XX:20% XY cells. Cells cultured from skin were all male. Histopathological examination of both testes revealed reduction in size and number of tubules, marked hypoplastic germinal epithelium showing only spermatogonia and a well defined interstitium with large quantities of collagen. The small size of the testes and histological changes were suggestive of a testicular hypoplasia.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Sedation of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) with xylazine.

Doses of 100 to 300 mg of a 10 per cent solution of xylazine satisfactorily sedated six elephants ranging from 150 to 255 cm shoulder height. At these dosages all animals were sedated in the standing position. The time taken to produce the initial signs of sedation ranged from 10 +/- 4 to 20 +/- 4 minutes and the effects lasted from 60 +/- 8 to 100 +/- 15 minutes. The time taken from injection to complete recovery ranged from 360 +/- 31 to 540 +/- 21 minutes. Recovery was uncomplicated. Repeated administration of as much as seven injections per animal at intervals of three to four days had no adverse effects. Disturbances during induction delayed the onset of action of the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Determination of fetal sex in cattle by cytologic examiantion of amniotic fluid.

Amniotic fluid smears (n = 134) of bovine fetuses (69 males, 65 females) at various stages of gestation were stained by the Papanicolaou method. Percentage counts of eosinophilic, orangeophilic, and cyanophilic cells were determined by examining 500 cells per sample. The cyanophilic cell count was significantly (P less than 0.001) higher for the females (37% +/- 3% to 47% +/- 3%) than for the males (19% +/- 2% to 32% +/- 3%). Significant differences, however, were not recorded with the eosinophilic and the orangeophilic cell counts. The percentage cyanophilic count could therefore be used as a method of prenatal sex determination.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1977

Cytology of bovine foetal fluids.

Cell contents of foetal fluids obtained separately from amniotic and allantoic cavities of live cows by transvaginal amniocentesis and by aspiration from pregnant uteri immediately after slaughter were studied using Papanicolaou's staining procedure. The samples obtained belonged to cows which were between ten to 24 weeks of gestation. Cell scrapings from foetal and membranous surfaces normally in contact with the foetal fluids were also stained simultaneously with foetal fluid smears by Papanicolaou's method to determine the probable origin of the cells detected in the amniotic and allantoic cavities. The cell types were classified according to morphology and tinctorial patterns and their origin was deduced on the basis of similarity to cell scrapings from the surface layers of foetus and foetal cavities. The evaluation of foetal fluid cells revealed that a majority of cells are of foetal origin and that the cytological features of these cells may be useful in assessing the condition of the foetus.

Allantois↗