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Biomedical subjects

Steven Nissen

Publications and source records attributed to Steven Nissen.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Atherosclerotic plaque imaging: contemporary role in preventive cardiology.

Coronary artery disease imaging has traditionally been based on luminal angiography, but it has become evident that this tool, although extremely useful in diagnosing obstructive disease, is insufficient to define the presence and extent of atherosclerotic disease in the vessel wall. Progression of coronary artery disease was also initially evaluated using quantitative coronary angiography, and evidence soon accumulated that minor regression or nonprogression of luminal disease was associated with a favorable cardiovascular outcome. In recent years, however, several other techniques have been developed to image atherosclerosis and are emerging as useful tools in preventive cardiovascular medicine. These techniques provide new methods to assess the burden of atherosclerosis, gauge the risk of cardiovascular events, and offer a means to test the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, noninvasive coronary angiography can be performed with some of the new imaging modalities, potentially reducing the number of unnecessary invasive tests. This review focuses on techniques such as cardiac computed tomography, carotid artery intima-media thickness, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and intravascular ultrasonography as emerging tools in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Atherosclerosis↗
PubMed2005

Tracking atherosclerosis regression: a clinical tool in preventive cardiology.

Progression of coronary artery disease was initially evaluated using quantitative coronary angiography with ensuing evidence indicating a strong relationship to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Since then, several other atherosclerosis imaging techniques have emerged as new tools in cardiovascular medicine to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive therapies through serial monitoring of changes in atherosclerosis burden. Conducting large randomized trials to test new approaches for the medical management of atherosclerosis, with the goal of showing a reduction in event rates, may often be impractical in an era of cost containment and reduced societal resources. Recent evidence has unfolded that investigates alternative ways of assessing therapeutic results such as the attainment of surrogate goals with substantial outcome relevance. Atherosclerosis imaging modalities such as coronary computed tomography, carotid ultrasound, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, and intravascular ultrasound each possess specific imaging abilities and inter-test characteristics that enable their serial use as intermediate endpoints in clinical trials and, increasingly, in individual patient management. The current review focuses on the application of these modalities as emerging tools in cardiovascular prevention.

Coronary Artery Disease↗
PubMed2004

Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine supplementation on strength, functionality, body composition, and protein metabolism in elderly women.

OBJECTIVE: With advancing age, there is a gradual loss of muscle mass, strength, and functionality. The current studies were conducted to determine whether a mixture of specific nutrients, arginine and lysine, which support protein synthesis, and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), which can slow protein breakdown, could blunt the gradual loss of muscle that occurs in the elderly, thus improving strength and functionality. METHODS: In double-blind studies conducted at two separate sites, women (mean 76.7 y) were randomized to a placebo group (n = 23) or an experimental treatment group (2 g beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, 5 g arginine, and 1.5 g lysine daily; n = 27). RESULTS: After 12 wk, there was a 17% improvement in the "get-up-and-go" functionality test in the experimental group (-2.3 +/- 0.5 s) but no change in the placebo group (0.0 +/- 0.5 s; P = 0.002). The improvement in functionality also was reflected by increased limb circumference, leg strength, and handgrip strength (all P < 0.05) and positive trends in fat-free mass (P = 0.08). Whole-body protein synthesis, estimated with the (15)N-glycine tracer technique over a 24-h free-living period, increased approximately 20% in the experimental treatment group as opposed to the placebo group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These studies indicated that daily supplementation of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, arginine, and lysine for 12 wk positively alters measurements of functionality, strength, fat-free mass, and protein synthesis, suggesting that the strategy of targeted nutrition has the ability to affect muscle health in elderly women.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Candesartan.

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Advisory Committees↗
PubMed2002

Omapatrilat.

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Advisory Committees↗