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Biomedical subjects

Stephen Porter

Publications and source records attributed to Stephen Porter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

"I'm sorry I did it... but he started it": a comparison of the official and self-reported homicide descriptions of psychopaths and non-psychopaths.

This study concurrently examined the characteristics of violent actions (homicides) and the manner in which the violent acts are described by the perpetrators. N=50 offenders incarcerated for homicide were classified as psychopathic or non-psychopathic, according to the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (Hare, 1991, 2003). The instrumentality/reactivity and major details of their violence were coded from the official files. Further, the offenders' own accounts were coded on the same variables by independent raters. Results indicated that whereas psychopaths were far more likely than their counterparts to have perpetrated primarily instrumental homicides, this difference disappeared when examining the self-report descriptions. Overall, although psychopaths and non-psychopaths both tended to exaggerate the reactivity of their homicides, psychopaths did so to a greater degree. Psychopaths also were more likely to omit major details of their offenses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL), previously known as lethal midline granuloma is a distinct clinico-pathological entity associated with Epstein-Barr virus that typically causes destruction of the midface, palatal and orbital walls. In addition, ENKTCL can involve the skin, soft tissue, testes, gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract. ENKTCL neoplastic cells express some T-cell associated antigens, most commonly CD2 and cytoplasmic CD3epsilon and, in favour of an NK-cell origin, CD56. Early stage disease may respond to radiotherapy alone, however late stage disease does not respond well to any available therapies. Overall, patients with ENKTCL have a cumulative probability of survival at 5 years ranging from 37.9% to 45.3%.

Granuloma, Lethal Midline↗
PubMed2006

Early detection of oral cancer - Is dielectrophoresis the answer?

The early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma by non-invasive methods has the potential to hasten diagnosis and thus lessen the morbidity associated with tumour therapy. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) can non-invasively determine electrophysiological parameters such as conductivity and permittivity of cellular cytoplasm and membrane. The present study demonstrates that DEP can be utilised to characterise H357 and UP cells and reveals that there are significant differences in these parameters between malignant and more normal epithelial cell lines. The present results suggest that DEP has potential for the early detection of cancerous from non-cancerous cells in a clinical setting.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2006

Darier disease affecting the gingival and oral mucosal surfaces.

Darier disease is an uncommon genodermatosis reflecting defective desmosomal structure and function. The present report details the oral features of a patient with well-characterized Darier disease and reviews current knowledge of the genetic basis of this genodermatosis that can often affect the craniofacial tissues.

Calcium-Transporting ATPases↗
PubMed2006

Use of inferior epigastric artery embolization to arrest bleeding at operative laparoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an innovative approach of embolization of the inferior epigastric artery after vascular trauma due to lateral trocar insertion at operative laparoscopy. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Operating theater and interventional radiology suite of a university hospital. PATIENT(S): A 26-year-old woman with polycystic ovaries refractory to clomiphene citrate undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling. INTERVENTION(S): Percutaneous selective left external iliac and left inferior epigastric angiography followed by embolization with platinum microcoils and polyvinyl alcohol. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Satisfactory hemostasis following traumatic injury to the inferior epigastric artery. RESULT(S): Hemostasis was achieved using a novel interventive radiologic approach of embolization of the inferior epigastric artery after conventional surgical techniques had failed. CONCLUSION(S): Arterial embolization is a novel additional measure in the armamentarium of the laparoscopic surgeon faced with intractable bleeding from the inferior epigastric vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Aspects of HIV disease relevant to dentistry in the 21st century.

UNLABELLED: HIV disease remains a significant health concern in Europe and the rest of the world. The present article details the epidemiological shifts, changes in therapy and oral manifestations of HIV disease of relevance to all oral healthcare professionals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge regarding the oral and dental aspects of HIV infection remain of importance to all dental healthcare professionals.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

Oxpentifylline is not effective for symptomatic oral lichen planus.

BACKGROUND: There are no reliably effective therapies for oral lichen planus (OLP). The aim of the present work was to determine the potential efficacy of oxpentifylline in the management of OLP. METHODS: Fifteen patients (six males, median age for the group 52 years, ranging from 33 to 72) with clinically and histopathologically confirmed OLP were treated with oxpentifylline at a dose of 400 mg three times daily. RESULTS: Only 10 patients completed an 8 week course, the other five having to stop therapy because of adverse effects. Only three patients had any relief of their signs and symptoms of OLP. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that oxpentifylline is unlikely to be of benefit for the treatment of OLP.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Current trends of HIV disease of the mouth.

HIV infection affects residents of all countries of the world, but the greater majority of affected individuals reside in the developing world. In the past decade there have been substantial changes in the management of HIV disease, particularly the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Such agents have reduced significantly the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV disease, however, they are not available for most HIV-infected individuals in the developing world. There is now considerable understanding of the molecular epidemiology, transmission and therapy of the common opportunistic oral infections of HIV disease, and as a consequence of improved anti-HIV strategies, the frequency and severity of oral disease associated with HIV infection have reduced considerably, although HAART may predispose to human papilloma virus infection of the mouth and potentially increase the risk of later oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite advances in clinical care the majority of individuals with HIV disease worldwide will continue to develop oral disease, as they are resident in the developing world and do not have ready access to even simple therapies.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2004

Psychopathic traits in adolescent offenders: an evaluation of criminal history, clinical, and psychosocial correlates.

Although a large body of research has established the relevance of psychopathy to adult offenders, its relevance to adolescent offenders is far less clear. The current study evaluated the clinical, psychosocial and criminal correlates of psychopathic traits in a sample of 226 male and female incarcerated adolescent offenders. According to an 18-item version of the Psychopathy Checklist-Youth Version (PCL-YV; Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003), only 9.4% exhibited a high level of psychopathic traits (PCL-YV>/=25). Consistent with past research, higher PCL-YV scores were positively associated with self-reported delinquency and aggressive behavior and were unrelated to emotional difficulties. Although higher PCL-YV scores were associated with the experience of physical abuse, the only psychosocial factor to predict PCL-YV scores was a history of non-parental living arrangements (e.g. foster care). In terms of criminality, a violent/versatile criminal history was positively associated with psychopathic traits. However, PCL-YV scores were unrelated to participants' official criminal records for total, non-violent, violent, and technical violation convictions. In conclusion, the data partially support the construct validity of psychopathy with adolescent offenders, but some inconsistencies with prior adult and adolescent psychopathy research were evident. These issues are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Characteristics of sexual homicides committed by psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders.

In this study, the relationship between psychopathy and the prepetration of sexual homicide was investigated. The official file descriptions of sexual homicides committed by 18 psychopathic and 20 nonpsychopathic Canadian offenders were coded (by coders unaware of Psychopathy Checklist--Revised [PCL--R] scores) for characteristics of the victim, victim/perpetrator relationship, and evidence of gratuitous and sadistic violent behavior. Results indicated that most (84.7%) of the sexual murderers scored in the moderate to high range on the PCL--R. The majority of victims (66.67%) were female strangers, with no apparent influence of psychopathy on victim choice. Homicides committed by psychopathic offenders (using a PCL--R cut-off of 30) contained a significantly higher level of both gratuitous and sadistic violence than nonpsychopathic offenders. Most (82.4%) of the psychopaths exhibited some degree of sadistic behavior in their homicides compared to 52.6% of the nonpsychopaths. Implications for homicide investigations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Thalidomide for the treatment of recalcitrant oral Crohn's disease and orofacial granulomatosis.

It has been suggested that thalidomide may be effective in the management of Crohn's disease, including the associated oral lesions. We detail the clinical response to low-dose thalidomide of 5 patients with clinical features of orofacial granulomatosis or oral Crohn's disease recalcitrant to recognized immunosuppressant therapy. All patients had clinical resolution of their symptoms and signs. Transient somnolence was the only reported adverse effect. Remission was maintained by extending the period between thalidomide doses. Thalidomide should be considered an effective therapy for the short-term treatment of severe orofacial granulomatosis in appropriately counseled patients.

Adolescent↗