Auditory registration without learning.
In 3 studies, the authors explore how repeated exposure to a spoken word affects memory for perceptual attributes associated with the word (such as a talker's voice or a word's plurality). Subjects heard a list of words; particular words were repeated differing numbers of times. At test, subjects estimated the frequency of each word, with instructions to give frequency judgments of "zero" to words with changed attributes. The experiments demonstrate that memory for perceptual attributes improves very little after the first few repetitions, although word memory continues to improve. The experiments extend the registration without learning effect (D. L. Hintzman, T. Curran, & B. Oppy, 1992) to auditory words, to complex attributes (voice), and to conditions of low and high stimulus variability (two or many voices).