Biomedical subjects

Solomon H Snyder

Publications and source records attributed to Solomon H Snyder.

75 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Forty years of neurotransmitters: a personal account.

All drugs in psychiatry act by influences on neurotransmitter systems. Hence, an appreciation of neurotransmitter disposition helps clarify our understanding of therapeutic actions as well as adverse effects of psychotropic drugs. Moreover, understanding the nuances of neurotransmitters facilitates efforts to develop novel agents. Currently available psychoactive drugs exert their effects through 3 or 4 of the longest-known neurotransmitters. Over the past few decades, up to 100 novel neurotransmitter candidates have been identified, each of them as interesting as traditional biogenic amines. It is likely that totally new classes of therapeutic agents will emerge based on these transmitter molecules.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Nitrosopeptide mapping: a novel methodology reveals s-nitrosylation of dexras1 on a single cysteine residue.

S-Nitrosylation of specific cysteine residues is a reversible signaling mechanism of nitric oxide (NO) generated by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes. In some proteins, evidence has accumulated that more than one cysteine can be S-nitrosylated; however, it is difficult to distinguish S-nitrosylation on separate cysteine residues. We report a novel simple, sensitive, and specific procedure for nitrosopeptide mapping. Dexras1 is a monomeric G protein whose guanine nucleotide exchange activity is augmented by NO; the identity and number of its S-nitrosylated cysteines is unknown. We describe the radiolabeling of S-nitrosylated cysteine residues in Dexras1. A nitrosopeptide map, generated by two-dimensional peptide chromatography, reveals that only a single cysteine is S-nitrosylated following NO exposure. Mutagenesis of Cys11 abolished the effect of NO donors on Dexras1, implicating this residue in the NO-mediated activation of Dexras1.

Cysteine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Schizophrenia: neural mechanisms for novel therapies.

Although valuable antischizophrenic drugs exist, they only partially ameliorate symptoms and elicit substantial side effects. Classic neuroleptic drugs act by blocking dopamine receptors. They can relieve some symptoms but not behavioral withdrawal features that are designated "negative" symptoms. Clozapine and related newer atypical neuroleptics may be more efficacious in relieving negative symptoms. Understandng their actions may facilitate new drug discovery. Agents influencing glutamate neurotransmission and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, especially the cotransmitter D-serine, are promising. Stimulation of the alpha7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor may also be efficacious. The search for genes linked to schizophrenia has revealed several leads that may permit development of novel therapeutic agents. Promising genes include disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1, dysbindin, and neuregulin.

Antipsychotic Agents↗