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Shin Fukudo

Publications and source records attributed to Shin Fukudo.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Alcohol consumption and mortality in Japan: the Miyagi Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: We examined the association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality in Japanese men and women. METHODS: From June through August 1990, a total of 39,076 subjects (20,660 men and 18,416 women) in 14 municipalities of Miyagi Prefecture in rural northern Japan (40-64 years of age) completed a self-administered questionnaire that included information about alcohol consumption and various health habits. During 11 years of follow-up, we identified 1,879 deaths (1,335 men and 544 women). We used Cox proportional-hazards regression to estimate relative risk (RR) of all-cause mortality according to categories of alcohol consumption and to adjust for age, education, marital status, past histories of chronic diseases, body mass index, smoking, walking and dietary variables. RESULTS: Among men, the risk for all-cause mortality was significantly higher in past drinkers than never-drinkers (multivariate RR, 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-2.29). There was a dose-response association between alcohol consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality among current drinking men: multivariate RRs in reference to never-drinkers (95% CI) were 1.10 (0.90-1.33), 1.17 (0.96-1.42), 1.16 (0.96-1.40), and 1.62 (1.32-1.99) in current drinkers who consumed less than 22.8 g, 22.8-45.5 g, 45.6-68.3 g, and 68.4 g or more alcohol per day, respectively (P for trend<0.001). Similar association was observed among women (P for trend=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that alcohol consumption tended to be associated with linear increase in risk of all-cause mortality among Japanese men and women, and the association was remarkable for younger men.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Laterality and imbalance of muscle stiffness relate to personality.

The authors' purpose in this study was to test the hypothesis that laterality and imbalance of muscle stiffness relate to personality. The authors selected 23 healthy volunteers and divided them into two groups based on the predominance of muscle stiffness on the left or right side. Imbalance of muscle stiffness was calculated as the absolute value of the difference of muscle stiffness between the right and left sides. The authors evaluated personality with the Japanese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Subjects with left predominant muscle stiffness of the rectal abdominis had significantly higher neuroticism score than those with right predominant muscle stiffness. Subjects with more imbalance of muscle stiffness in the latissimus dorsi and in the trapezius had significantly higher neuroticism and psychoticism scores than those with less imbalance. The findings suggest that laterality and imbalance of muscle stiffness relate to personality.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Personality and the risk of cancer.

BACKGROUND: The role of personality in the causation of cancer has been controversial. We examined this question in a large, prospective study. METHODS: From June through August 1990, 30 277 residents of Miyagi Prefecture in northern Japan completed a Japanese version of the short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and a questionnaire on various health habits. There were 671 prevalent cases of cancer at baseline, and 986 incident cases of cancer were identified during 7 years of follow-up, through December 1997. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the relative risk (RR) of incident cancer (total, stomach, colorectal, breast, and lung) according to four levels of each of four personality subscales (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie), with adjustment for sex, age, education, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, and family history of cancer. Statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Multivariable RRs of total cancer for individuals in the highest level of each personality subscale as compared with those in the lowest were 0.9 for extraversion (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.7 to 1.1; P(trend) =.32), 1.1 for psychoticism (95% CI = 0.9 to 1.3; P(trend) =.96), 0.9 for lie (95% CI = 0.7 to 1.0; P(trend) =.19), and 1.2 for neuroticism (95% CI = 1.0 to 1.4; P(trend) =.06). There were no associations between any personality subscale and risk of specific cancers. Neuroticism showed statistically significant positive, linear associations with prevalent cancer at baseline (P(trend)<.001) and with the 320 incident cancer cases diagnosed within the first 3 years of follow-up (P(trend) =.03); however, it showed no association with the 666 cases diagnosed during the fourth through the seventh years of follow-up (P(trend) =.43). CONCLUSION: Our data do not support the hypothesis that personality is a risk factor for cancer incidence. The association between neuroticism and prevalent cancer may be a consequence, rather than a cause, of cancer diagnosis or symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

High incidence of reflux esophagitis observed by routine endoscopic examination after gastric pull-up esophagectomy.

A gastric tube has been widely used for reconstruction of the esophagus after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. Reflux esophagitis after esophagectomy is frequently observed. Therefore we retrospectively investigated the risk factors for reflux esophagitis after gastric pull-up esophagectomy in 74 outpatients with thoracic esophageal cancer. Reflux esophagitis was diagnosed endoscopically. Esophagitis was classified according to the Los Angeles classification. Reflux symptoms, medications, and the surgical procedure were reviewed. The relation between reflux symptoms and reflux esophagitis and the influence of the anastomotic site were evaluated. Reflux esophagitis was observed in 53 patients. Severe esophagitis (grade C or D) was found in 75.6% of these patients. Although all patients with esophagitis took antacid agents, histamine receptor-2 blocker was effective in only 35% of them. The correlation between reflux symptoms and reflux esophagitis was not significant. Reflux esophagitis was present in 56.4% of patients with neck anastomosis and in 88.6% of patients with intrathoracic anastomosis ( p = 0.0039). We concluded that routine endoscopic examination is necessary after gastric pull-up esophagectomy because reflux esophagitis is not diagnosed based on reflux symptoms. When a gastric tube is used for reconstruction after esophagectomy, neck anastomosis is recommended to lower the risk of reflux esophagitis.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Can personality traits predict pathological responses to audiovisual stimulation?

The "Pockemon shock" is the most famous accident in the history of the broadcasting industry in Japan. Based on the experiences of this unfortunate accident from famous animation program "Pocket Monster", this study focused on the psychology and psychosomatics of the patients. A head-mounted display was used as the three-dimensional image presentation device and "Descent", a free software shooting game, was used as the software. Ten healthy adult male volunteers were used in this experiment after obtaining their informed consent. The oxygen metabolic change in the anterior lobe of the brain was measured by near infrared spectroscopy and recorded on an electrocardiogram. The mental scaling tendency of the object was analyzed using the type A behavior pattern and the hostility scaling. The Cook and Medley hostility (HO) scale from the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) was also used in this experiment. From this scaling methodology, the paranoid scale, cynicism scale, lie scale, social support quality and social support quantity were calculated. All measured time series data were kept in the normal range, and no fatal arrhythmia or epilepsy were observed during experiments. In some cases, the brain oxygen metabolism may completely differ for the objects of Type A and Type B behavior patterns. On the whole, correlation did not become significant in type A scaling and hostility scaling. In a comparison of the percent changes of the HF in HRV with lie scaling, significant negative correlation was observed. The social support quantity was calculated from Cook and Medley, and significant negative correlations were observed with percent changes of LF/HF in HRV. The lie scale and social support quantity are opposite scaling. The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system have an opposite function also. Therefore, our results showed an interesting phenomenon, when considering the relationship between the autonomic function and the pathophysiological reaction to the audiovisual stimulations. As for the photo sensitive epilepsy, it was reported to be only 5-10% for all patients. Therefore, 90% or more of the cause could not be determined in patients who started a morbid response. The results in this study suggest that the autonomic function was connected to the mental tendency of the objects. By examining such directivity, it is expected that subjects, which show morbid reaction to an audiovisual stimulation, can be screened beforehand.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2003

Specific brain processing of facial expressions in people with alexithymia: an H2 15O-PET study.

Alexithymia is a personal trait characterized by a reduced ability to identify and describe one's own feelings and is known to contribute to a variety of physical and behavioural disorders. To elucidate the pathogenesis of stress-related disorders and the normal functions of emotion, it is important to investigate the neurobiology of alexithymia. Although several neurological models of alexithymia have been proposed, there is very little direct evidence for the neural correlates of alexithymia. Using PET, we studied brain activity in subjects with alexithymia when viewing a range of emotional face expressions. Twelve alexithymic and 12 non-alexithymic volunteers (all right-handed males) were selected from 247 applicants on the basis of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with H(2)(15)O-PET while the subjects looked at angry, sad and happy faces with varying emotional intensity, as well as neutral faces. Brain response in the subjects with alexithymia significantly differed from that in the subjects without alexithymia. The alexithymics exhibited lower rCBF in the inferior and middle frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex and occipital cortex in the right hemisphere than the non-alexithymics. Additionally, the alexithymics showed higher rCBF in the superior frontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex and cerebellum in the left hemisphere when compared with the non-alexithymics. A covariance analysis revealed that rCBF in the inferior and superior frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex and parietal cortex in the right hemisphere correlated negatively with individual TAS-20 scores when viewing angry and sad facial expressions, and that no rCBF correlated positively with TAS-20 scores. Moreover, the anterior cingulate cortex and insula were less activated in the alexithymics' response to angry faces than their response to neutral faces. These results suggest that people with alexithymia process facial expressions differently from people without alexithymia, and that this difference may account for the disorder of affect regulation and consequent peculiar behaviour in people with alexithymia.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Colorectal distention induces hippocampal noradrenaline release in rats: an in vivo microdialysis study.

We tested our hypothesis that noradrenaline is released in the hippocampus by colorectal distention of rats, and that it induces pain-related behavior. Noradrenaline levels with colorectal distention were significantly higher than those with restraint stress and free moving. Abdominal contractions were induced only by colorectal distention. Our results suggest that noradrenaline levels increase in the hippocampus under colorectal distention and this may relate to behavioral changes.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2002

Exaggerated motility of the descending colon with repetitive distention of the sigmoid colon in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but it does not explain the entire symptomatology, i.e., altered bowel habit with abdominal pain relieved by defecation. We tested our hypothesis that an abnormal link between luminal stimulation and mural response may have some role in the pathophysiology of IBS. METHODS: Patients with IBS (n = 10, median 21 years old, 5 male patients, 5 female patients) and healthy control subjects (n = 10, median 21 years old, 5 men, 5 women) were studied. A manometric catheter with three transducers was inserted to the descending colon and a balloon was placed in the distal sigmoid colon. Another catheter with three transducers was inserted to the duodenum. After baseline for 30min, the sigmoid colon was stimulated by balloon distention for 30min followed by recovery for 30min. Balloon distention was repeated 100 times, and each stimulation consisted of a 5-s inflation and a 10-s deflation, with a volume of 50ml maximum. The sensory threshold of balloon inflation was then examined, and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was measured with radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Repetitive colonic distention induced a significant increase in motility indices (mmHg s/s%) of the descending colon in the IBS patients (from 118 +/- 25 to 333 +/- 108, P < 0.05) but not of those in controls (from 90 +/- 16 to 89 +/- 19). A significant group difference (P < 0.05), period effect (P < 0.02), and group x period interactions (P < 0.01) were detected with two-way ANOVA. Duodenal motility indices in controls were significantly reduced by colonic distention (from 169 +/- 25 to 104 +/- 14, P < 0.01), but those in the IBS patients were not (from 156 +/- 17 to 124 +/- 20). The sensory threshold of balloon inflation in the IBS patients (74 +/- 10ml) was significantly lower than that in controls (125 +/- 6ml, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in plasma ACTH levels between the IBS patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive distention of the distal sigmoid colon below the sensory threshold induced orad exaggerated motility of the colon in IBS patients. The distention inhibited motility of the small intestine in healthy subjects, but this inhibition was blunted in IBS patients. These results suggest that IBS patients may have not only visceral hypersensitivity, but also an abnormal intestinal reflex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Clinical significance of blood pressure response triggered by a doctor's visit in patients with essential hypertension.

The clinical significance of the pressor response triggered by blood pressure measurement, the so-called "white-coat effect," was studied in relation to left ventricular structure and function in patients with essential hypertension. We studied 75 consecutive, never-before treated patients with essential hypertension (54 +/- 2 (SE) years; 31 men). Beat-to-beat blood pressure (Finapres) was monitored at rest, during conventional blood pressure measurement by a doctor, and during a mental stress test. The left ventricular mass index and diastolic function (EIA ratio) were determined by echocardiography. The systolic blood pressure response triggered by the doctor's visit (deltaSBP) correlated positively with the left ventricular mass index (r= 0.326, p<0.03) and negatively with the EIA ratio (r=-0.325, p<0.02). A positive relationship between the deltaSBP and left ventricular mass index was observed in men (r=0.556, p<0.01) but not in women. The greater ASBP also was associated with lower EIA ratio in women (r=-0.434, p<0.02). The deltaSBP correlated with the mental stress-induced increase in systolic blood pressure in men (r=0.586, p<0.005) but not in women (r=0.148, n.s.). Blood pressures outside the clinic were higher in men than in women (p<0.05 for systolic and p<0.005 for diastolic) despite the similar level of clinic blood pressures between the sexes. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed that the deltaSBP was an independent predictor of the left ventricular mass index in men (beta=0.783, p=0.0009) and of the EIA ratio in women (beta=-0.003, p=0.05). These data suggest that the pressor response triggered by a doctor's visit has clinical significance in never-before treated hypertensive patients, possibly because it mirrors real-life stress reactivity in men.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Relationship of health status and social support to the life satisfaction of older adults.

We examined the relationship of health factors and social support to life satisfaction in older adults dwelling in a rural town. The gender difference in variables related to life satisfaction was also discussed in this study. One hundred and forty-two older adults (86 females and 56 males) who completed a self-administered questionnaire and participated in a health examination in 1998 or 1999 comprised the study participants. The t-test and chi-square test were used to assess the differences between the two genders. Correlation measure and multiple regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between life satisfaction and other health related or socially related factors for each gender. Significant gender differences were observed in living status and several health related factors. According to the results of the multiple regression analyses, life satisfaction was related to mental health and age in females, while it was related to mental health status and social support from others in males. Gender differences in the variables associated with life satisfaction were observed among the community-dwelling older adults. These data suggest the importance of mental health for older adults. When preparing health promotion strategies for older adults, results of gender differences as they related to social support and life satisfaction should be applied in practice.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality and mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke.

BACKGROUND: The role of personality in the causation of circulatory diseases has been controversial. METHODS: From June through August 1990, 41,442 residents of Miyagi Prefecture in northern Japan completed the Japanese version of the short-form Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised and another questionnaire on various health habits. During 11 years of follow-up until March 31, 2001, we identified 90 deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 131 deaths from stroke. We used Cox regression to estimate the relative risk of IHD and stroke according to the three levels of four personality subscales (extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism, and lie), with adjustment for sex, age, and other potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Multivariate relative risks of IHD for the highest verses the lowest level of personality subscales were 0.7 for extraversion, 1.1 for neuroticism, 1.3 for psychoticism, and 0.8 for lie. Multivariate relative risks of stroke for the highest verses the lowest level of personality subscales were 1.0 for extraversion, 0.9 for neuroticism, 1.2 for psychoticism, and 1.2 for lie. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study does not support the hypothesis that personality is a risk factor for mortality from IHD and stroke.

Female↗