IX International Congress on Reproductive Immunology, 11-15 October 2004, Hakone, Japan.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
Shigeru Saito
Publications and source records attributed to Shigeru Saito.
Risk factors for cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVES: The mechanisms of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes after coronary artery bypass grafting are not fully understood. We sought to determine which type 2 diabetes-related factors contributed to postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 7 days and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: One hundred eighty patients with type 2 diabetes who were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. As a control group, 100 patients without diabetes mellitus matched for age, sex, and educational level were examined. Hemodynamic parameters (arterial and jugular venous blood gas values) were measured during cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients underwent a battery of neurologic and neuropsychologic tests the day before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Age (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-1.8, P = .03), presence of hypertension (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.0, P = .01), jugular venous oxygen saturation less than 50% time (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.0, P = .045), presence of ascending aorta atherosclerosis (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6, P = .01), diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.0, P = .01), and insulin therapy (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.0, P = .05), were associated with cognitive impairment at 7 days. Insulin therapy (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.8, P = .01), diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.9, P < .01), and hemoglobin A 1c (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.1, P = .047) were associated with cognitive impairment at 6 postoperative months. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin therapy, diabetic retinopathy, and hemoglobin A 1c were factors in cognitive impairment at 7 days and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Aged↗
Cannabinoid antagonist AM 281 reduces mortality rate and neurologic dysfunction after cecal ligation and puncture in rats.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, is involved in the pathogenesis of septic encephalopathy. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SUBJECTS: Male Wistar rats (7 wks old) were randomly divided into four groups as follows: group 1, control (0.5 mL of saline injected subcutaneously); group 2, sham (surgical abdominal incision and suturing were performed, but ligation and puncture of the cecum were omitted); group 3, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); group 4, CLP + AM 281 ([N-morpholin-4-yl]-5-[2,4-yl]-5-[2,4-dichlorophenyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide) as the cannabinoid receptor antagonist (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally). INTERVENTIONS: Sepsis was induced by CLP under pentobarbital anesthesia (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) with 1% isoflurane. A 2-Fr high-fidelity micromanometer catheter was inserted into the left ventricle via the right carotid artery to assess hemodynamics. Each of the rats was neurologically assessed at 30 mins and 12, 24, and 48 hrs after the treatment. The cytoplasmic levels of caspase-3 in the hippocampi were assayed before surgery and at 30 mins and 24 and 48 hrs after surgery using Western blotting techniques. To examine the effects of AM 281 on neurologic function and mortality rate, we set another control group treated solely with AM 281. Selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (4 mg/kg), was injected intraperitoneally immediately after CLP to produce the CLP + L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine group to exclude the influence of depressed hemodynamics on neurologic impairment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: It was found that administration of AM 281 could prevent the hemodynamic changes induced by sepsis. Reflex responses, including the pinna, corneal, paw or tail flexion, and righting reflexes, and the escape response significantly decreased in the CLP and CLP + L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine groups at 48 hrs after the surgery. In contrast, no changes in these reflex responses were found between the CLP + AM 281 and control and sham groups. In addition, no effects of the administration of AM 281 on neurologic function and mortality rate in the control group were found. Tissue caspase-3 levels were elevated at 48 hrs after CLP in the CLP alone group (means +/- sd: control, 3.9 +/- 0.4; sham, 4.2 +/- 0.4; CLP, 7.1 +/- 1.0 [p < .01]; CLP + AM 281, 4.0 +/- 0.5 densitometric units). In addition, administration of AM 281 also decreased the mortality rate (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of AM 281 prevented the hemodynamic changes and development of neurologic dysfunction occurring in association with septic shock, and could decrease the mortality rate in experimentally induced septic shock in rats. Although further studies are necessary to determine whether endogenous cannabinoids cause septic encephalopathy in rats directly or via their effects on systemic hemodynamics, the beneficial effects of AM 281 on these rats might have significant therapeutic implications in cases of septic encephalopathy.
Animals↗
Low adjusted serum ionized calcium concentration shortly after birth predicts poor outcome in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.
AIM: Hypoxic-ischemic reperfusion injury causes either necrosis or apoptosis, and the influx of ionized calcium into cells is the major cause of both types of cell death. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not the serum ionized calcium concentration in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) could be used to predict their outcome. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained shortly after birth from 20 HIE neonates who had not urinated or received treatment with calcium. Serum ionized calcium concentrations were adjusted for pH using a correction formula. Twelve neonates without any disease were selected as a control. The results were compared between nine HIE neonates who made a full recovery, 11 who died or had neurologic deficits, and 12 normal neonates. RESULTS: Considered together, the two HIE groups had lower serum ionized calcium concentrations (1.05 +/- 0.10 mmol/L) than the control group (1.22 +/- 0.07 mmol/L; P < 0.0001). Moreover, serum ionized calcium concentrations in the group with the poor outcome (0.99 +/- 0.07 mmol/L) were lower than those in the group that made a full recovery (1.13 +/- 0.06 mmol/L; P=0.0016). CONCLUSIONS: The serum ionized calcium concentrations shortly after birth were significantly lower in neonates with HIE who had a poor outcome. Low concentrations may reflect multiple organ damage, particularly involving the brain.
Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
Influence of landiolol on the dose requirement of propofol for induction of anesthesia.
It was reported that the pharmacokinetics of propofol was influenced by cardiac output (CO). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of landiolol (short-acting beta-1-adrenergic blocker) on the dose requirement of propofol for induction of anesthesia. Forty patients were randomly allocated to the control and landiolol group. Induction of anesthesia commenced 10 min after the infusion of 0.9% saline or landiolol, using a Diprifusor set to achieve propofol plasma concentration of 6.0 microg/mL. Induction of anesthesia was defined as the first lack of response to command. Propofol dose was 2.22+/- 0.21 mg/kg for the control group and 1.79+/- 0.28 mg/kg for the landiolol group (P<0.0001). The quantity of propofol required for the induction of anesthesia was reduced by the administration of landiolol.
Adult↗
Cytokine profile of natural killer cells in early human pregnancy.
PROBLEM: To examine whether the NK1/NK2/NK3/NKr1 paradigm can be adapted in natural killer (NK) cells. METHOD OF STUDY: Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood and/or decidua in healthy non-pregnant women (n = 17), early pregnant women (6-12 weeks of gestation, n = 17) and miscarriage cases (6-11 weeks of gestation, n = 10). We investigated the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from peripheral blood- and decidual-CD56bright NK cells and -CD56dim NK cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS: In the peripheral blood of the non-pregnant subjects, the main populations of CD56bright NK cells and CD56dim NK cells were IFN-gamma-producing NK1 type cells. Populations of IL-10-producing NKr1 type cells in peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells and CD56dim NK cells in early pregnant women were significantly greater compared with those in non-pregnant women, and these cells population decreased in miscarriage cases. In the early pregnancy decidua, the main populations of CD56bright NK cells and CD56dim NK cells were TGF-beta-producing NK3 type cells, and NK1 type cells were rare. NK3 type cells in decidua were significantly decreased in miscarriage cases compared with those in normal pregnant subjects. IL-4-, IL-5- or IL-13-producing NK2 type cells were rare in peripheral blood and decidua. CONCLUSION: These data support the NK1/NK2/NK3/NKr1 hypothesis. NKr1 type cells in peripheral blood and NK3 type cells in decidua might play some important roles in the maintenance of pregnancy by regulation of maternal immune function.
CD56 Antigen↗
The monoamine-mediated antiallodynic effects of intrathecally administered milnacipran, a serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, in a rat model of neuropathic pain.
Antidepressants are often used to treat neuropathic pain. In the present study, we determined the antiallodynic effects of selective monoamine reuptake inhibitors in the spinal cord in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was produced by tight ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves and determined by applying von Frey filaments to the left hindpaw. A serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, milnacipran, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, paroxetine, or a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, maprotiline, was administered intrathecally via a chronically implanted catheter. Milnacipran produced dose-dependent antiallodynic effects at doses between 3 microg and 100 microg. The effect lasted for 7 h after injection of 100 microg (P < 0.05). The antiallodynic effect of 30 microg of milnacipran was attenuated by intrathecal coadministration of 30 microg of yohimbine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 microg of methysergide, a serotonin receptor antagonist, or 30 microg of atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, respectively). Intraperitoneal administration of milnacipran had no antiallodynic effects at doses of 3 to 30 mg/kg. Antiallodynic effects were not produced by intrathecal administration of paroxetine (10 to 100 microg) or maprotiline (10 to 100 microg). These findings suggest that simultaneous inhibition of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake in the spinal cord is essential to mediate antiallodynic effects. Milnacipran might be effective for suppression of neuropathic pain.
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors↗
Human Parvovirus B19 nonstructural protein transactivates the p21/WAF1 through Sp1.
The expression of human Parvovirus B19 nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) induces cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase and is accompanied by increased expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21/WAF1. Here, we provide direct evidence that NS1 mediates the transactivation of p21/WAF1. Up-regulation of p21/WAF1 by wild-type NS1 but not an NS1 mutant deleted of its NTP binding motif was observed. We also demonstrated that the wild-type NS1 is unable to induce G1 arrest in p21-deficient cells. Using reporter plasmids containing various mutants of the p21/WAF1 promoter, luciferase assay further revealed that the binding sites of the promoter to the transcription factor Sp1 are critical for NS1-mediated transactivation. Indeed Sp1 interacts only with the wild-type NS1 but not the NS1 mutant. These results indicate a cooperative contribution of NS1 and Sp1 to the transactivation of p21/WAF1, which leads to G1 arrest.
Base Sequence↗
Volatile anesthetics inhibit calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor-mediated responses in pithed rats and human neuroblastoma cells.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has a potent vasodilatory effect that is mediated by specific receptors predominantly coupled to the activation of adenylate cyclase. The effects of volatile anesthetics on CGRP-induced vasodilation are unclear. We studied the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on CGRP-induced vasodilation in pithed rats and CGRP receptor-mediated responses in SK-N-MC cells, which are used as a model system to study the CGRP receptor and its downstream pathways. Male Wistar rats were pithed by inserting a stainless steel rod into the spinal cord. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac output were maintained at approximately 100 mmHg and 50 ml.min(-1), respectively, with continuous infusion of noradrenaline. After 30 min of inhalation of anesthetics, CGRP (0.1, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 microg/kg) was administered intravenously. In SK-N-MC cells, CGRP-, forskolin-, or cholera toxin-induced cAMP production was measured with or without anesthetics using radioimmunoassays. CGRP receptor binding density and affinity for the agonist were determined with (2-[125I]iodohystidyl10) CGRP with or without the anesthetics. Sevoflurane (4%) and isoflurane (2%) significantly inhibited the decrease in MAP and systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, both anesthetics significantly inhibited CGRP- but not forskolin-induced cAMP production. Sevoflurane (4%) and isoflurane (4%) significantly inhibited cholera toxin-induced cAMP production. Both anesthetics did not affect ligand binding. These data suggest that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit CGRP-induced vasodilation at the site between the CGRP receptor and adenylate cyclase activation. The inhibitory site of volatile anesthetics on the CGRP receptor-mediated response involves Gs protein.
Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
ASIAN: a website for network inference.
UNLABELLED: We constructed a website for inferring a network by applying the graphical Gaussian model, from a large amount of data, including redundant information. The available tools on the website are based on a system, named ASIAN (Automatic System for Inferring A Network), in combination with the two methods in our previous papers, which were designed to analyze gene expression profiles on a genomic scale. One of the remarkable features of the website is its ability to infer a network, concomitant with hierarchical clustering and the following estimation of cluster boundaries. AVAILABILITY: http://eureka.ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp/asian
Computer Simulation↗
Cadmium and nutritional intake in pregnant Japanese women.
A study to clarify the food composition and nutritional factors that contribute to the levels of blood and urinary cadmium (Cd) was conducted on 50 pregnant Japanese women with mean age of 29 years. The mean iron (Fe) intake of subjects was 9.2 mg, which is much lower than the recommended level of 20 mg for pregnant women. Cd in urine samples collected at 30-32 weeks of gestation were correlated (r = 0.354), but urinary Cd was related to age more than blood Cd. Urinary Cd and blood Cd levels were inversely related to total energy (rpartial = -0.325, and -0.334, respectively) and fat intake (rpartial = -0.419, and -0.379, respectively), even after adjustment for age. Blood Cd was also correlated to protein and iron intake (rpartial = -0.299, and -0.353, respectively). These results indicate that Cd exposure levels of pregnant women with low energy intake, especially less fat intake, were higher than those of women with more energy and fat intake. In particular, blood Cd may be affected by protein and iron intake in pregnant women with increased these nutrients demand.
Adult↗
Penetrating might be easier than retrieving.
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Atherectomy, Coronary↗
The simplest, the most difficult.
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Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗
New method to increase a backup support of a 6 French guiding coronary catheter.
A 6 Fr guiding catheter is commonly used in the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, one of the limitations of the 6 Fr guiding catheter is its weak backup support compared to a 7 or an 8 Fr guiding catheter. In this article, we present a new system for PCI called the five-in-six system. Between March 2003 and September 2003, this system was tried on eight chronic total occlusion cases. The advantage of the five-in-six system is that it increases backup support of a 6 Fr guiding catheter.
Adolescent↗
The discovery of pyridalyl: a novel insecticidal agent for controlling lepidopterous pests.
Synthesis of analogues of two compounds with known insecticidal activity, both of which contain a 3,3-dichloro-2-propenyloxy group, produced 2-(trifluoromethyl)-4-phenoxyphenyl 3,3-dichloro-2-propenyl ether, which had weak activity against lepidopterous larvae. Structural modifications around this lead compound led to the development of pyridalyl [Pleo, S-1812; 2,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenyl 3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridyloxy]propyl ether], which belongs to a new class of insecticides. Pyridalyl gives very good control of various lepidopterous and thysanopterous pests on cotton and vegetables, without phytotoxicity. It controls populations of Heliothis virescens F and Plutella xylostella (L) which are resistant to various currently used insecticides. It also produces unique insecticidal symptoms, so it may have a different mode of action from other existing insecticides. Pyridalyl is also less harmful than existing insecticides to various beneficial arthropods, so it should provide an important tool in IPM and insecticidal management programmes for the control of lepidopterous and thysanopterous pests. The first market introduction is expected in Japan and some Asian countries in the years between 2004 and 2005.
Animals↗
Oral etodolac, a COX-2 inhibitor, reduces postoperative pain immediately after fast-track cardiac surgery.
PURPOSE: The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, etodolac, on postoperative pain after fast-track cardiac surgery, and to examine the changes in plasma etodolac concentration after oral administration. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were randomly assigned preoperatively in a double-blind fashion to receive either vehicle ( n = 15) or etodolac 400 mg ( n = 15) via a gastric tube at the end of the surgery. Standardized fast-track cardiac anesthesia was used. In both groups, postoperative pain was treated with buprenorphine suppository. Visual analogue pain scores (VASs) were recorded immediately after extubation and at 24 h after surgery. Plasma etodolac concentration was measured at 1, 2, and 6 h after administration ( n = 8). RESULTS: No difference was detected in time to extubation between the etodolac group (209 +/- 85 min, mean +/- SD) and the vehicle group (207 +/- 98 min). VASs were significantly lower in the etodolac (2.3 +/- 2.1) vs the vehicle group (5.8 +/- 2.0) immediately after extubation ( P = 0.009), but no difference was detected in pain scores at 24 h after surgery, or in the amount of buprenorphine administered in the intensive care unit (ICU), or in the incidence of side effects. Plasma etodolac concentration was within the pharmaceutically recommended range at 1 h, 2 h, and 6 h after administration. CONCLUSION: The oral use of etodolac with rectal buprenorphine reduces pain scores immediately after cardiac surgery without an increase in side effects.
Administration, Oral↗
Successful management of a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with marked elevation of serum creatine kinase.
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Creatine Kinase↗
Acute thrombus formation in the left atrium after the termination of warfarin.
We report a case of acute thrombosis formation in the left atrium 3 days after the discontinuation of warfarin therapy prior to mitral valve replacement in a patient with mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. A 58-year-old Asian female patient was scheduled for mitral valve replacement for mitral stenosis. She had received warfarin therapy every day for 2 years. Warfarin therapy was discontinued 3 days before surgery. Using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), we confirmed that there was no thromboembolism at the left atrium 10 days before surgery. No replacement anticoagulant therapy, such as heparin, was given after the discontinuation of warfarin. After the induction of anesthesia, a TEE probe was inserted through the esophagus to monitor left ventricular function. We found two thrombi (35 mm and 40 mm in diameter) in the left atrium. This case shows that discontinuation of warfarin therapy within a few days before operation carries a risk of thromboembolism formation.
Acute Disease↗