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Shigenobu Kanba

Publications and source records attributed to Shigenobu Kanba.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Clinical efficacy of tandospirone augmentation in patients with major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the efficacy of augmentation of clomipramine (CMI) by tandospirone in 36 untreated outpatients with major depressive disorder. Twelve patients were treated with CMI and tandospirone (T group), 12 with CMI and diazepam (D group) and 12 with CMI alone (C group) for 6 weeks. No statistically significant differences in the percentage improvement of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (17 items; HDRS-17) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (14 items; HARS-14) scores were shown among the three treatment groups. However, at 2 weeks, the percentage improvement of HDRS-17 score in the T group tended to be higher than that in the D and C groups, although there was no statistically significant difference among the three treatment groups. No change in plasma prolactin level or adverse events was induced by the addition of tandospirone. These results suggest that 6 weeks of treatment with tandospirone or diazepam was not effective for augmentation of CMI in major depressive disorder patients. However, augmentation of antidepressants by tandospirone administration for a few weeks might induce early expression of antidepressive effects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Depressive episode].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Major Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed2002

Effects of prolactin-releasing peptide microinjection into the ventrolateral medulla on arterial pressure and sympathetic activity in rats.

Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), originally isolated from the hypothalamus, is highly localized in the cardiovascular regions of the medulla, and intracerebroventricular administration of PrRP causes a pressor response. In the present study we investigated the cardiovascular effects of PrRP applied to functionally different areas of the ventrolateral medulla (VLM), and to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and the area postrema (AP). In urethane-anesthetized rats, microinjection of PrRP into the pressor area of the most caudal VLM, recognized as the caudal pressor area in the rat, elicited dose-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and renal sympathetic nerve activity. In the same injection area, neither thyrotropin-releasing hormone, corticotropin-releasing hormone nor angiotensin II affected these baseline cardiovascular variables. On the other hand, microinjection of PrRP into more rostral parts of the VLM, i.e. the depressor area of the caudal VLM and the pressor area of the rostral VLM, as well as the NTS and the AP, had no effect on these cardiovascular variables. Immunohistochemical analysis in the medulla revealed that the cardiovascularly PrRP-responsive region contained PrRP-immunoreactive cell bodies and nerve fibers. These results suggest that the most caudal VLM is an action site of PrRP to induce a pressor response, which is mediated, at least partly, by the increase in sympathetic outflow.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2002

Antipsychotic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant drugs induce type II nitric oxide synthase mRNA in rat brain.

Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors have been regarded as potentially beneficial for psychiatric disorders such as depression and schizophrenia, though little is known about how nitric oxide synthases are affected by psychotropic drugs in the brain. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, we investigated the effects of short- and long-term oral treatments with several psychotropics on type II nitric oxide synthase gene expression in the rat brain. With maprotiline and fluvoxamine, enzyme mRNA levels were higher after a 28 day treatment than after 1 and 4 day treatments. Zonisamide, carbamazepine and diazepam also increased mRNA, though differences in levels between 1, 4 and 28 day treatments were not significant. These results suggest that psychotropics modulate the gene expression of type-II nitric oxide synthase in the brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The genetic structure of Cloninger's seven-factor model of temperament and character in a Japanese sample.

Theoretical assumptions regarding the genetic and environmental structure of personality proposed in Cloninger's seven-factor model of temperament and character were verified in a Japanese sample by using the twin method. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was administered to 296 twin pairs ranging in age from 14 to 28 years old. Among four temperament dimensions (novelty seeking [NS], harm avoidance [HA], reward dependence [RD], and persistence [PS]), HA and PS showed significant additive genetic contributions and no shared environmental effect, supporting the original theoretical assumption. NS and RD could be explained by either genetic or shared environmental factors with nonshared environment. All three character dimensions (cooperativeness [CO], self-directedness [SD], and self-transcendence [ST]) could be explained exclusively by additive contributions and no shared environmental effect. Multivariate genetic analysis indicated that there were no significant associations between NS, HA, and RD, as the theory predicts, and the genetic components of PS, SD, and CO were derived from those of the temperament dimensions. The fourth genetic component, which had a substantial load specifically on ST and overlapped with PS, was identified. Although most of the nonshared environmental effects were trait-specific, the phenotypic correlation between NS and HA could be explained by nonshared environmental overlap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The estrogen-occupied estrogen receptor functions as a negative regulator to inhibit cell proliferation induced by insulin/IGF-1: a cell context-specific antimitogenic action of estradiol on rat lactotrophs in culture.

Estrogens stimulate cell proliferation in typical estrogen-responsive tissues including the anterior pituitary gland. Here we report that 17-beta estradiol (E2) has estrogen receptor-mediated mitogenic and antimitogenic actions on rat lactotrophs in primary culture, depending on the cell context. E2 did not affect basal proliferation at 2 d after treatment, but it increased it at 4 d. Insulin markedly increased proliferative activity, which was inhibited by simultaneous treatment with E2, even after only 2 d of treatment. This antimitogenic action on insulin-induced proliferation was also observed with other estrogens but not with nonestrogenic steroids. Treatment with antiestrogens in combination with E2 antagonized both the mitogenic and antimitogenic actions of E2. Antiestrogen treatment alone inhibited basal proliferation, and it mimicked the inhibitory action of E2 on insulin-induced proliferation with less potency. In parallel with cell proliferation, an insulin-induced increase in the cell number of cyclin D1-immunoreactive lactotrophs was inhibited by E2 treatment. Although the antimitogenic action of E2 was seen with a wide range of doses of insulin or IGF-1, proliferation was stimulated rather than inhibited by E2 when cells were treated with serum or forskolin/isobutylmethylxanthine instead of insulin, indicating a mitogen-specific, but not proliferative activity-dependent, inhibition by E2. The results of estrogen-occupied estrogen receptors as negative regulators of proliferation suggest a novel interaction between estrogen and growth factors in the regulation of proliferation in estrogen-responsive cells.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality assessment based on the five-factor model of personality structure in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: Several characteristic personality types have been reported for glaucoma patients in previous studies. However, none of the previous studies used a common structural theory of personality. In this study, we conducted a multicenter cross-sectional case-control study using the recently established five-factor model of personality structure. METHODS: Personality was evaluated using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), which is a questionnaire specifically designed to test the five-factor model of personality: neuroticism (N), extraversion (E), openness (O), agreeableness (A), and conscientiousness (C). Eligible questionnaires were obtained from 196 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (99 men, 97 women) and 223 reference subjects with no ocular disease except cataract (87 men, 136 women). The mean score of each NEO-FFI factor for POAG patients was compared to the scores for the reference subjects. RESULTS: Compared with the reference subjects, the mean N score was significantly higher (P = 0.013), the mean scores for A and C were significantly lower (P = 0.007 and P = 0.001, respectively), and the mean E score tended to be lower (P = 0.055) in male POAG patients. The mean E score was significantly lower (P = 0.023) in female POAG patients. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristic personality traits were noted in POAG patients, and a more significant relationship was found between personality and glaucoma in men than in women.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of Gorei-san (TJ-17) for treatment of SSRI-induced nausea and dyspepsia: preliminary observations.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are apt to cause gastrointestinal adverse events such as nausea and dyspepsia. Gorei-san (TJ-17), which is composed of five herbs (Alismatis rhizoma, Atractylodis lanceae rhizoma, Polyporus, Hoelen, and Cinnamomi cortex), is a Japanese herbal medicine that has been used to treat nausea, dry mouth, edema, headache, and dizziness. The authors investigated the efficacy of TJ-17 for patients who experienced nausea or dyspepsia induced by SSRIs. Twenty outpatients who experienced nausea or dyspepsia induced by SSRIs were recruited for the study. Seventeen patients were female, three were male, and patient age ranged from 21 to 74 years (49.8 +/- 17.0 years). TJ-17 was added to the previous regimen. Nausea and dyspepsia disappeared completely in nine patients, decreased in four patients, decreased slightly in two patients, and did not change in five patients. No adverse events were associated with the addition of TJ-17 in any patient.

Adult↗