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Biomedical subjects

Satoshi Kato

Publications and source records attributed to Satoshi Kato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Posterior capsule opacification after combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy.

PURPOSE: To compare the degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after combined cataract surgery and vitrectomy and after cataract surgery alone in age-matched control patients and in patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). SETTING: Sugita Eye Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. METHOD: In a prospective study, patients were divided into 2 groups: those having cataract surgery alone (cataract group) and those having combined cataract and vitrectomy surgery (combined group). The 2 groups were further divided into patients without DM (non-DM subgroup) and patients with DM (DM subgroup). The PCO rates were determined 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery using the POCO system. RESULTS: In the cataract group, the non-DM subgroup and the DM subgroup each comprised 42 eyes of 42 patients. In the combined group, the non-DM subgroup comprised 26 eyes of 26 patients and the DM subgroup, 23 eyes of 23 patients. In the cataract group, the PCO rate in the DM subgroup was significantly higher than in the non-DM subgroup at every postoperative examination (P<.05). In the non-DM subgroup, the PCO rate was significantly higher at every postoperative examination in patients having combined surgery than in patients having cataract surgery alone (P<.05). In the combined group, the PCO rate did not differ significantly between the non-DM subgroup and the DM subgroup. CONCLUSION: Even patients without DM must be carefully monitored for PCO development after combined surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Development and progression of retinopathy after inpatient management of diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To examine factors that affect the development of retinopathy after short-term inpatient management of diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 143 patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted for inpatient management of diabetes, and did not have retinopathy of the right eye at admission, and had an HbA1c level of > or =8.0%. We studied the characteristics of patients who developed retinopathy within one year after discharge. RESULTS: Between the admission date and one year after discharge, twenty-six patients developed retinopathy and the retinopathy subsequently regressed in 5 patients. The 26 patients who developed retinopathy had a significantly longer duration of diabetes (p<0.005), had a higher fasting blood glucose level at admission (p=0.06), and received insulin therapy during the admission at a higher rate (p=0.06) than the 117 patients without retinopathy. The magnitude of the reduction in HbA1c level at 3 months after discharge was smaller in the 13 patients who developed retinopathy within 3 months after discharge than in the 130 patients who did not. Among the 26 patients who developed retinopathy, the HbA1c level at one year after discharge of the 5 patients whose retinopathy regressed was lower than that of the 21 patients whose retinopathy did not regress (p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: A long duration of diabetes, high fasting blood glucose level at admission, and treatment with insulin were associated with the development of retinopathy. Patients with these characteristics should undergo frequent fundus examinations after correction of hyperglycemia. The retinopathy was likely to improve if patients maintained strict glycemic control after discharge.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effects of temporal and spatial heterogeneities created by consumer-driven nutrient recycling on algal diversity.

A spatially explicit plant-herbivore model composed of planktonic herbivores, algal preys and nutrients was constructed to examine the effects of consumer-driven nutrient recycling (CNR) on the algal species richness with and without spatial structure. The model assumed that either of two essential nutrients (N and P) limited growth of algal populations and that consumer individuals moved randomly in the lattice and grazed all the algal species with the same efficiency. The results showed that when there was no CNR, the number of persistent algal species was affected by neither supply rates of external nutrients nor spatial structure and was consistently low. When consumers recycled nutrients according to their stoichiometry, the algal species richness changed with supply rates of external nutrients depending on spatial structure: the algal species richness decreased with increasing nutrient loadings when there were no spatial structure because CNR increased the probability of stochastic extinction of algal species by amplifying the oscillation of algae-consumer dynamics. However, when spatial structures were created by the migration of consumers, CNR increased the algal species richness in a range of nutrient loadings because spatial variation of grazing pressure functioned to stabilize the algal-consumer dynamics. The present study suggests that through grazing and nutrient recycling, consumer individuals can create ephemeral heterogeneity in growth environments for algal species and that this ephemerality is one of the keys to understanding algal species in nature.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Galanin-like peptide stimulates food intake via activation of neuropeptide Y neurons in the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus of the rat.

Galanin-like peptide (GALP), a 29-amino-acid neuropeptide, is located in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), binds to galanin receptor subtype 2, and induces food intake upon intracerebroventricular (icv) injection in rats. However, neural mechanisms underlying its orexigenic action remain unclear. We aimed to identify the nuclei and neuron species that mediate the food intake in response to icv GALP injection. Intracerebroventricular injection of GALP, as powerfully as that of neuropeptide Y (NYP), increased food intake for the initial 2 h. GALP injected focally into the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), but not the ARC, lateral hypothalamus, or paraventricular nucleus (PVN), stimulated food intake for 2 h after injection. In contrast, galanin injected into the DMN had no effect. DMN-lesion rats that received icv GALP injection showed attenuated feeding compared with control rats. Intracerebroventricular GALP injection increased c-Fos expression in NPY-containing neurons in the DMN, but not the ARC. GALP increased the cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in NPY-immunoreactive neurons isolated from the DMN, but not the ARC. Furthermore, both anti-NPY IgG and NPY antagonists, when preinjected, counteracted the feeding induced by GALP injection. These data show that icv GALP injection induces a potent short-term stimulation of food intake mainly via activation of NPY-containing neurons in the DMN.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Analysis of delusional statements from 15 Japanese cases of 'Folie à Deux'.

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have reported folie à deux (FAD) cases, there has not yet been a study systematically examining patients' delusional statements. In the present study, we analyzed the changes in patients' delusional statements across the clinical course from the perspective of discourse analysis. SAMPLING AND METHODS: First, we presented a case of FAD in a married Japanese couple. Second, we examined 14 other cases of FAD from Japanese literature and analyzed changes in subjective pronoun (SP) use in each patient's delusional statements. RESULTS: Observed delusions of FAD were classified into the following two categories, based on the SP: (1) We-type: 'We are persecuted', and (2) Non We-type: mostly 'I am persecuted'. Interestingly, We-type was generally observed in paranoid schizophrenia, paranoid disorder, and shared psychotic disorder. In contrast, Non We-type was predominantly observed in nonparanoid schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: The present classification might reflect two different mechanisms of delusional association in FAD. Possible mechanisms of delusional transmission in schizophrenia were discussed. The present study has a clear limitation in the small number of cases from only Japanese literature. Furthermore, the relatively high occurrence of FAD between married couples in the Japanese literature may have introduced some bias into the present results. Further studies on FAD are needed, however, the present method of examining the SP seems to be useful in order to investigate the psychological mechanism of delusion formation between plural subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effect of perioperative glycemic control in progression of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of perioperative glycemic control to progression of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. METHODS: Postoperative progression of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy were compared in 87 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent monocular phacoemulsification cataract surgery performed by a single surgeon. Twenty-seven patients had had poor glycemic control preoperatively and underwent rapid preoperative glycemic correction; 30 patients had poor control preoperatively that was not corrected postoperatively; and 30 patients had good preoperative glycemic control. The grade of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in the operated-on eye and the fellow eye was assessed preoperatively and for 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the progression rate of diabetic retinopathy among the 3 groups (P = .27). However, the progression rate of diabetic maculopathy was significantly higher in the group that underwent rapid control than in the other 2 groups (P = .02). Patients with moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy preoperatively in the rapid control group had significantly higher progression rates of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy (P = .002 and .008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid preoperative glycemic control should be avoided in patients with moderate to severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy because it may increase the risk of postoperative progression of retinopathy and maculopathy.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2006

Posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus.

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the degree of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. SETTING: Sugita Eye Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 42 consecutive diabetes mellitus patients (DM group) and 42 eyes of 42 non-DM patients (control group) scheduled to have cataract surgery were enrolled. The PCO value was determined using the posterior capsule opacification (POCO) system 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Posterior capsule opacification values 3 months after surgery did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P>.05). At 6 and 12 months, the PCO values of the DM group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = .002 and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients had significantly more severe PCO after cataract surgery than nondiabetic patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Long-term clinical course of patients with acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia.

Few studies have investigated the long-term course of patients with acute polymorphic psychotic disorder, despite the clinical relevance. The present study focused on the frequency of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia (F23.0) and the prognosis of patients with the disorder over a long period. A total of 388 inpatients with nonaffective psychosis were examined and cases with F23.0 were retrospectively investigated regarding clinical course over 12 years with reference to clinical charts. A total of 16 cases were diagnosed with F23.0 according to first episode. After 12 years, five cases were rediagnosed with schizophrenia, and one case with borderline-type emotionally unstable personality disorder, although the diagnosis of F23.0 was not changed in 10 older patients. Of the four cases with >2 repeated episodes of F23.0, the same clinical picture as in the first episode was observed in three, while one case showed continuous residual symptoms. F23.0 does not represent a homogeneous clinical entity. In some cases, diagnosis changes to schizophrenia, but others display repeated episodes of F23.0.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Tilt and decentration of the intraocular lens following combined vitrectomy and pars plana lensectomy.

PURPOSE: To investigate intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration following combined vitrectomy and pars plana lensectomy (PPL) with IOL implantation in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: We followed 25 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy who underwent PPL and IOL (MA60BM) implantation at the time of pars plana vitrectomy (PPL group), and 25 patients who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL (MA60BM) implantation without vitrectomy (PE group). Intraocular lens tilt and decentration were evaluated quantitatively, using the anterior eye segment analysis system, approximately 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in IOL tilt (p = 0.47) or decentration (p = 0.26) between the PPL and PE groups. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that tilt and decentration of the IOL are acceptable in combined vitrectomy and pars plana lensectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Moderately roughened- and roughened-surface implants used as rigid orthodontic anchorage: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Osseointegrated implants, especially Brånemark turned-surface implants, have been shown to function as stable and efficient orthodontic anchors. While it is generally accepted that prostheses can be attached to implants that have been used as anchors, it has not been clarified if the same applies to moderately roughened- and roughened-surface implants. PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to assess the differences between moderately roughened- and roughened-surface implants that are used as orthodontic anchors and then bonded with prostheses and those that are bonded with prostheses without serving as orthodontic anchors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 43 moderately roughened- and roughened-surface implants (ITI titanium plasma spray TPS] Straumann AG, Waldenburg, Switzerland], ITI sandblasted large-grit acid-etched SLA] Straumann AG], Nobel TiUnite Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden]) were placed in 11 partially edentulous patients, aged 35-61 years (two men and nine women). After an appropriate healing period, orthodontic therapy was performed in 11 patients using 27 implants as orthodontic anchors. After completion of the orthodontic therapy, the prostheses were attached at the same time to both types of implants: the 27 implants that were used as anchors, and 16 implants that were not used as anchors. All 11 patients were followed up regularly. RESULTS: Regardless of use as orthodontic anchorage, all implants maintained osseointegration and continued to function properly. CONCLUSION: No differences existed in therapeutic results after prosthesis bonding whether or not moderately roughened- and roughened-surface implants were used as orthodontic anchors.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2006

Intrusion of molars with implants as anchorage: a report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Osseointegrated implants do not move in response to orthodontic loads. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe a method to intrude supra-erupted molars using prosthetic implants as anchorage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 51-year-old female and a 36-year-old male were treated with adjacent implants for orthodontic anchorage for supra-erupted teeth in the maxilla (16, 17) and in the mandible (46, 47), respectively. In both cases, the force of intrusion applied was 300 g. RESULTS: The therapy was completed without complications or abnormalities of the intruded teeth or anchorage implants. Intrusion required 13 months in the first case and 19 months in the latter. CONCLUSION: The present method makes it possible to secure enough space for prosthodontic therapy at edentulous segments and perform highly reliable implant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Synthesis and biological analysis of new curcumin analogues bearing an enhanced potential for the medicinal treatment of cancer.

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a dietary phytochemical with low toxicity that exhibits growth-suppressive activity against a variety of cancer cells and possesses certain chemopreventive properties. Curcumin has already been the subject of several clinical trials for use as a treatment in human cancers. Synthetic chemical modifications of curcumin have been studied intensively in an attempt to find a molecule with similar but enhanced properties of curcumin. In this study, a series of novel curcumin analogues were synthesized and screened for anticancer activity. New analogues that exhibit growth-suppressive activity 30 times that of curcumin and other commonly used anticancer drugs were identified. Structurally, the new analogues are symmetrical 1,5-diarylpentadienone whose aromatic rings possess an alkoxy substitution at each of the positions 3 and 5. Analysis of the effects of the analogues on the expression of cancer-related genes usually affected by curcumin indicated that some induced the down-regulation of beta-catenin, Ki-ras, cyclin D1, c-Myc, and ErbB-2 at as low as one eighth the concentration at which curcumin normally has an effect. The analogues, however, exhibited neither harmful nor growth-suppressive effects on normal hepatocytes where oncogene products are not activated. They also exhibited no toxicities in vivo that they may provide effective alternative therapies for the prevention and treatment of some human cancers.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer analysis with scanning laser tomography after LASIK.

PURPOSE: To examine whether LASIK induces changes in the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer using scanning laser tomography. METHODS: Prospective, consecutive study of 53 myopic eyes in 38 patients (mean age: 35.7 +/- 10.4 years; range: 22 to 58 years). Preoperative average refractive error was -6.0 +/- 2.4 diopters (D) (spherical equivalent) (range: -2.0 to -10.0 D). Optic disc morphology and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were evaluated with scanning laser tomography preoperatively and at 7 and 13 months postoperatively. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted between the pre- and postoperative optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that transient extreme elevation of intraocular pressure during LASIK does not affect the optic disc morphology or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal myopic eyes for at least 1 year after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Psychopathological study of lie motif in schizophrenia].

The theme of a statement is called "lie motif" by the authors when schizophrenic patients say "I have lied to anybody". We tried to analyse of the psychopathological characteristics and anthropological meanings of the lie motifs in schizophrenia, which has not been thematically examined until now, based on 4 cases, and contrasting with the lie motif (Lügenmotiv) in depression taken up by A. Kraus (1989). We classified the lie motifs in schizophrenia into the following two types: a) the past directive lie motif: the patients speak about their real lie regarding it as a 'petty fault' in their distant past with self-guilty feeling, b) the present directive lie motif: the patients say repeatedly 'I have lied' (about their present speech and behavior), retreating from their previous commitments. The observed false confessions of innocent fault by the patients seem to belong to the present directed lie motif. In comparison with the lie motif in depression, it is characteristic for the lie motif in schizophrenia that the patients feel themselves to already have been caught out by others before they confess the lie. The lie motif in schizophrenia seems to come into being through the attribution process of taking the others' blame on ones' own shoulders, which has been pointed out to be common in the guilt experience in schizophrenia. The others' blame on this occasion is due to "the others' gaze" in the experience of the initial self-centralization (i.e. non delusional self-referential experience) in the early stage of schizophrenia (S. Kato 1999). The others' gaze is supposed to bring about the feeling of amorphous self-revelation which could also be regarded as the guilt feeling without content, to the patients. When the guilt feeling is bound with a past concrete fault, the patients tell the past directive lie motif. On the other hand, when the patients cannot find a past fixed content, and feel their present actions as uncertain and experience them as lies, the present directive lie motif is told. Lie motifs are considered to have the effect of restoring the patient's own subjectivity by the following ways: (a) by actualizing the structural constituents elementary for the establishment of subjectivity, (b) by conducting a kind of speech act for declaring themselves as an active lying subject to co-presenting others for the resettlement in our inter-subjective world.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Nosological status of the intermediate area between schizophrenia and affective disorder].

Non-organic psychoses diagnosed with neither schizophrenia nor affective disorder are an aggregation of heterogeneous psychotic disorders including major groups such as acute polymorphic psychotic disorders and schizoaffective disorders. Historically, similar psychotic pictures have been reported in various cultures. However, their slightly different definition hindered comparative studies. Even after the establishment of an operational diagnostic guideline such as ICD-10, epidemiological studies on this intermediate area between schizophrenia and affective disorder have brought different findings, making the reliability of diagnosis of this area questionable. Moreover, the situation is further complicated that there exists not only cases which have repeated the same episode as the first, but also cases whereby the diagnosis has been changed to schizophrenia or affective disorder over a long-term course. K. Schneider, who suggested not differential diagnosis but differential typology in the area of endogenous psychoses, is right in thinking of the existence of this intermediate area. We should be satisfied with making a provisional diagnosis, should take a flexible attitude towards changes in diagnosis between episodes. And during diagnosis, we should not differentiate schizophrenia from affective disorders rigidly, nor define the intermediate area strictly.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2006

[Is the incidence of schizophrenia declining?: an investigation of the examination rates in the psychiatric clinics of a medical school hospital and a general hospital].

PURPOSE: Some researchers in Europe, America and Oceania have recently reported that the incidence of schizophrenia is declining. We investigated changes in the proportion of schizophrenic patients to the total number of patients in two Japanese hospitals during the last decade. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were patients who first consulted the psychiatric clinic of Jichi Medical School or the psychiatric clinic of Kamitsuga General Hospital between December 1993 and November 1994 or between December 2003 and November 2004. Both clinics accepted new patients without prior appointments. Patients were classified using ICD-10 criteria (F0-F9, G40). The sex distribution of the patients and the mean age at first contact were compared for the two time periods. The proportion of schizophrenia (F2 in the ICD-10 criteria) to the total number of patients was compared for the two time periods after standardizing the populations with regard to age using the "1985 model population in Japan." RESULTS: A decade ago, 398 patients first contacted the psychiatric clinic of the medical school hospital, compared with 958 patients in the recent investigation. A decade ago, 166 patients first contacted the psychiatric clinic of the general hospital, compared with 407 patients in the recent investigation. No differences in the sex ratios of the two groups were noted. The mean age of the patients visiting the medical school significantly increased by 3.5 years (36.9 to 40.4 years), while that of the patients visiting the general hospital significantly increased by 10.0 years (46.2 to 56.2 years). The proportion of schizophrenia patients in the medical hospital decreased from 8.5% to 6.9%, while that in the general hospital decreased from 11.0% to 5.4%. Only the change in the proportion of schizophrenia patients at the general hospital was significant. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: The facts that the mean age of first-contact patients has risen and that the number of first-contact patients has increased approximately 2.5-fold suggests a change in the composition of first-contact patients in the last decade. We have some reservations regarding the comparison of these two groups. Although the actual number of first-contact patients with schizophrenia increased in both clinics, we found that the proportions of schizophrenia patients decreased in both clinics after standardizing the populations with regard to age. This finding must be investigated in view of other factors, including the overall age distribution of first-contact patients, increases in the proportions of affective disorders and organic mental disorders, and so on.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Detrimental effects after dobutamine infusion on rat left ventricular function: mechanical work and energetics.

We have previously reported that continuous infusion of dobutamine into the coronary artery induces positive inotropic effects but induces no detrimental effects in cross-circulated, excised normal rat hearts and even in Ca2+ overload-induced contractile failing rat hearts. However, we hypothesized that some detrimental effects on left ventricular (LV) function are induced after continuous dobutamine infusion and the following clearance of blood dobutamine, as is the case after beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated LV mechanical work and energetics in the same type of preparations that underwent continuous dobutamine infusion and clearance of blood dobutamine. We found that both mean end-systolic pressure and systolic pressure-volume area (PVA; a measure of total mechanical energy per beat) at midrange LV volume were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased. The mean myocardial oxygen consumption per beat intercept, which is composed of for the total Ca2+ handling in excitation-contraction coupling and basal metabolism, of the and PVA linear relation was also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased (n=8). The mean slope of the linear relation was unchanged in such hearts. Post-dobutamine basal metabolism was unchanged (n = 5 of the 8 hearts). The moderate proteolysis of a cytoskeleton protein, alpha-fodrin was identified (n = 7 of the 8 hearts with the decreased intercept), after clearance of blood dobutamine. In agreement with our hypothesis, the detrimental effect of the post-beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation was induced by a moderate concentration of dobutamine; we found systolic dysfunction due to the impairment of Ca2+ handling in excitation-contraction coupling in the rat LV and proteolysis of a cytoskeleton protein, alpha-fodrin.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗