Biomedical subjects

Satish Rao

Publications and source records attributed to Satish Rao.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Functional anorectal disorders.

This report defines criteria for diagnosing functional anorectal disorders (ie, fecal incontinence, anorectal pain, and disorders of defecation). Functional fecal incontinence is defined as the uncontrolled passage of fecal material recurring for > or =3 months in an individual with a developmental age of > or =4 years that is associated with: (1) abnormal functioning of normally innervated and structurally intact muscles, and/or (2) no or minor abnormalities of sphincter structure and/or innervation insufficient to explain fecal incontinence, and/or (3) normal or disordered bowel habits (ie, fecal retention or diarrhea), and/or (4) psychological causes. However, conditions wherein structural and/or neurogenic abnormalities explain the symptom, or are part of a generalized process (eg, diabetic neuropathy) are not included within functional fecal incontinence. Functional fecal incontinence is a common, but underrecognized symptom, which is equally prevalent in men and women, and can often cause considerable distress. The clinical features are useful for guiding diagnostic testing and therapy. Functional anorectal pain syndromes include proctalgia fugax (fleeting pain) and chronic proctalgia; chronic proctalgia may be subdivided into levator ani syndrome and unspecified anorectal pain, which are defined by arbitrary clinical criteria. Functional defecation disorders are characterized by 2 or more symptoms of constipation, with > or =2 of the following features during defecation: impaired evacuation, inappropriate contraction of the pelvic floor muscles, and inadequate propulsive forces. Functional disorders of defecation may be amenable to pelvic floor retraining by biofeedback therapy (such as dyssynergic defecation).

Anus Diseases↗

PubMed2003

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric quantitative determination of the HIV protease inhibitor atazanavir (BMS-232632) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC): practical approaches to PBMC preparation and PBMC assay design for high-throughput analysis.

A selective, accurate, and reproducible LC/MS/MS assay was developed and validated for the determination of the HIV protease inhibitor atazanavir (BMS-232632) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples. In addition to the details of the validated LC/MS/MS method, a practical procedure is described in great detail for the preparation of large supplies of control (blank) PBMC from units of blood (each unit of blood is about 500 ml) for making the calibration standards and quality control (QC) samples. The PBMC assay design, intended for high-throughput sample analysis, is also described in some detail in regards to the composition and concentration expressions of the calibration standards and QC samples, the lysing procedure of the PBMC samples, and the final analysis/quantitation procedure. The method involved automated solid-phase extraction (SPE) of atazanavir and a stable isotope analog internal standard (I.S.) using 3M Empore C2-SD 96-well plates. A portion of the reconstituted sample residue was injected onto a YMC Basic analytical column which was connected to a triple quad mass spectrometer for analyte determination by positive-ion electrospray in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. The standard curve, which ranged from 5 to 2500 fmol per one million cells (fmol/10(6) cells), was fitted to a quadratic regression model weighted by 1/concentration. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 5 fmol/10(6) cells. The inter- and intra-run coefficients of variation (CV) for the assay were <9% and the accuracy was 94-104%. Atazanavir was stable in PBMC for at least 24h at room temperature and for at least 129 days at -15 degrees C.

Atazanavir Sulfate↗

PubMed2003

Lipoid proteinosis in two siblings: a report from India.

Lipoid proteinosis is an autosomally recessive genodermatosis characterized by widespread deposition of eosinophilic hyaline-like material in the skin, mucous membranes, and other internal organs. Occurrence of lipoid proteinosis in siblings is very rare. We report two siblings from the Indian subcontinent with the classical features of lipoid proteinosis. Both the siblings had had hoarseness of voice and spontaneous vesicular eruptions healing with atrophic scars since their early childhood. They had diffuse waxy thickening of the skin along with beaded papules along the eyelid margin. The tongue was also infiltrated. Skin biopsy demonstrated periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive eosinophilic material around the blood vessels and appendages.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2003

Motility and GI function studies billing and coding guidelines: a position paper of the American Motility Society.

Tests that measure gastrointestinal function, such as esophageal motility testing, ambulatory twenty-four hour pH, electrogastrography, gastroduodenal, sphincter of Oddi, and anorectal manometry, as well as hydrogen breath testing are now an essential part in the evaluation of patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. They are widely performed in a variety of clinical settings. In this paper we outline the position of the American Motility Society on billing and coding for these studies, and review the issues for these studies under the current United States Relative Value Scale system. We have also provided an outline for standardization of reports for these procedures, and propose changes and modifications of current medical necessity diagnoses.

Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System↗

PubMed2003

DNA-PK: the major target for wortmannin-mediated radiosensitization by the inhibition of DSB repair via NHEJ pathway.

The effect of wortmannin posttreatment was studied in cells derived from different species (hamster, mouse, chicken, and human) with normal and defective DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity, cells with and without the ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) gene, and cells lacking other regulatory proteins involved in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. Clonogenic assays were used to obtain all results. Wortmannin radiosensitization was observed in Chinese hamster cells (V79-B310H , CHO-K1), mouse mammary carcinoma cells (SR-1), transformed human fibroblast (N2KYSV), chicken B lymphocyte wild-type cells (DT40), and chicken Rad54 knockout cells (Rad54-/-). However, mouse mammary carcinoma cells (SX9) with defects in the DNA-PK and chicken DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) knockout cells (DNA-PKcs-/-/-) failed to exhibit wortmannin radiosensitization. On the other hand, SCID mouse cells (SC3VA2) exposed to wortmannin exhibited significant increases in radiosensitivity, possibly because of some residual function of DNA-PKcs. Moreover, the transformed human cells derived from AT patients (AT2KYSV) and chicken ATM knockout cells (ATM-/-) showed pronounced wortmannin radiosensitization. These studies demonstrate confirm that the mechanism underlying wortmannin radiosensitization is the inhibition of DNA-PK, but not of ATM, thereby resulting in the inhibition of DSB repair via nonhomologous endjoining (NHEJ).

Androstadienes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using max cut to enhance rooted trees consistency.

Supertree methods are used to construct a large tree over a large set of taxa from a set of small trees over overlapping subsets of the complete taxa set. Since accurate reconstruction methods are currently limited to a maximum of a few dozen taxa, the use of a supertree method in order to construct the tree of life is inevitable. Supertree methods are broadly divided according to the input trees: When the input trees are unrooted, the basic reconstruction unit is a quartet tree. In this case, the basic decision problem of whether there exists a tree that agrees with all quartets is NP-complete. On the other hand, when the input trees are rooted, the basic reconstruction unit is a rooted triplet and the above decision problem has a polynomial time algorithm. However, when there is no tree which agrees with all triplets, it would be desirable to find the tree that agrees with the maximum number of triplets. However, this optimization problem was shown to be NP-hard. Current heuristic approaches perform min cut on a graph representing the triplets inconsistency and return a tree that is guaranteed to satisfy some required properties. In this work, we present a different heuristic approach that guarantees the properties provided by the current methods and give experimental evidence that it significantly outperforms currently used methods. This method is based on a divide and conquer approach, where the min cut in the divide step is replaced by a max cut in a variant of the same graph. The latter is achieved by a lightweight semidefinite programming-like heuristic that leads to very fast running times.

Algorithms↗