Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Samiran Nundy

Publications and source records attributed to Samiran Nundy.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Transabdominal gastroesophageal devascularization without transection for bleeding varices: results and indicators of prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Esophagogastric devascularization is an operation that can be performed for endoscopically uncontrolled variceal bleeding in hospitals having only basic surgical instruments and is therefore an appropriate procedure for small hospitals in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze one hospital's experience of this operation in consecutive patients with variceal bleeding. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2003, 45 patients (30 male, 15 female) who had a mean age of 40 years (range 7-78 years) underwent devascularization procedures. Of the 45, 23 had cirrhosis and 22 had non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (11 extrahepatic portal venous obstruction, 11 non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis), and 18 patients had emergency procedures and 27 were elective. Mortality, morbidity, rebleeding rates and the prognostic factors for death were assessed. RESULTS: Elective and emergency mortality was one (3.7%) and 11 (61%) patients, respectively. There was no rebleeding in hospital. At follow up (mean 48 months, range 3-92 months) overall survival in patients with cirrhosis was 7 out of 20 and in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension was 19 of 21. Five (17%) had recurrent variceal hemorrhage, of whom three, all cirrhotic patients, died. Preoperative prognostic indicators for death were emergency surgery, a Child-Pugh score >or=10, preoperative blood transfusion >or=20 units and renal failure. CONCLUSIONS: Gastroesophageal devascularization effectively controls variceal bleeding especially in non-cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. In the elective situation it carries a low mortality and rebleed rate. In emergencies the prognosis is poor with advanced cirrhosis, following large quantities of blood transfusion and deranged renal function. It is suggested that this operation be offered especially to non-cirrhotic patients in hospitals in developing countries where facilities for more sophisticated procedures are not available.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Sinistral portal hypertension. A case report.

Sinistral portal hypertension is a clinical syndrome of gastric variceal hemorrhage in the setting of splenic vein thrombosis due to a primary pancreatic pathology. The distinguishing features from other forms of portal hypertension are preserved liver function and a patent extrahepatic portal vein. The important causes include acute and chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocysts and pancreatic carcinomas. Benign pancreatic neoplasms only rarely cause sinistral portal hypertension. Splenic vein thrombosis complicates 7-20% of patients having pancreatitis or a pancreatic pseudocyst; however, bleeding occurs in only approximately 5% of patients. The diagnosis of sinistral portal hypertension is achieved by a combination of gastroscopy, liver function tests, ultrasound examination (with Doppler) and/or contrast-enhanced CT scan of the abdomen. A mere demonstration of sinistral portal hypertension does not warrant intervention. An expectant management is justifiable in asymptomatic patients with pancreatitis. However, concomitant splenectomy may be considered in patients undergoing operative treatment of symptomatic chronic pancreatitis if sinistral portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices are present. In patients presenting with gastric variceal hemorrhage, splenectomy (with treatment for the primary pancreatic pathology, e.g. distal pancreatectomy) is curative with excellent long term results.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed2006

Management protocol for acute gastrointestinal bleeding.

Gastro-intestinal haemorrhage is not uncommon and is manifested as haematemesis, melaena or haematochezia. The first step is to resuscitate the patient if necessary and then proceed to make a diagnosis as well as divide patients into high and low-risk groups after taking a good history and performing a physical examination especially to detect the presence of an enlarged spleen. Then one should proceed with an endoscopy and other investigations chosen carefully for their usefulness. Control of bleeding is then tailored to the diagnosis and is usually with drugs, endoscopy, angio-embolisation and surgery in that order. The mortality rate for upper GI bleeding varies from 10 to 30% depending on the proportion of patients with variceal haemorrhage included. For lower GI bleeding mortality is in the region of 20% and for obscure GI bleeding outpatient mortality is 12%. The main points to remember are that the management of these patients in India should be different from those described in Western textbooks and suited to their specific needs and the facilities available locally. However, in spite of the widespread lack of complex diagnostic techniques and a shortage of blood for transfusion we believe that by adopting an aggressive step-by-step approach tailored to our own environment we will be able to save most of our patients who are usually young and have few comorbid conditions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

No mean feet.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic surgery in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis:is it worthwhile?

BACKGROUND: In cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension prophylactic portasystemic shunts have been found to be ineffective as deaths from post-shunt liver failure exceed those from bleeding. However, in patients with non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, variceal bleeding rather than liver failure is the common cause of death. In developing countries shortage of tertiary health-care facilities and blood banks further increases mortality due to variceal bleed. AIM: To study the results of prophylactic operations to prevent variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension due to non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis (NCPF). METHODS: Between 1976 and 2001, we performed 45 prophylactic operations in patients with NCPF, if the patients had high-risk esophagogastric varices or symptomatic splenomegaly and hypersplenism. Proximal lienorenal shunt was done in 41 patients and the remaining underwent splenectomy with (2 patients) or without (2 patients) devascularization. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. Thirty-eight patients were followed up for a mean 49 (range, 12-236) months. Three patients bled - one was variceal and two due to duodenal ulcers; none died of bleeding. There were 2 late deaths (6 weeks and 10 years after surgery), one from an unknown cause and one due to chronic renal failure. The delayed morbidity was 47%. This included 7 patients who developed portasystemic encephalopathy, 4 glomerulonephritis, 2 pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae and 5 ascites requiring treatment with diuretics. Thus only 20 (53%) patients were symptom-free on follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic surgery is safe and effective in preventing variceal bleeding in NCPF but at the cost of high delayed morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Distinguishing between periampullary carcinoids and carcinomas--is this possible preoperatively?

It is difficult to distinguish between carcinoid tumors of the pancreatic head and periampullary region and carcinomas preoperatively. Between 1996 and 2002, 125 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies done by us for periampullary tumors (14 carcinoids, 111 carcinomas) were analyzed. Patients with carcinoid tumors had significantly younger mean age (48 vs. 54 years), longer history (32 vs. 8 weeks), lower serum total bilirubin levels (1.4 vs. 6.3 mg/dL) and on CT scan, had larger, well-localized tumors (5 cm vs. 2 cm). Their postoperative course was better with no mortality or major morbidity, whereas after resection for carcinoma 7 (6.3%) patients died and 30 (27%) had major postoperative complications. Thus, a tumor of this region in a young patient with indolent history, low bilirubin level and with CT scan depicting a large expansile lesion suggests a carcinoid. Such tumors may be safely resected with low postoperative morbidity and mortality and good long-term prognosis.

Adult↗