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Biomedical subjects

S. Esposito

Publications and source records attributed to S. Esposito.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Human health and war]

Setting priorities in the prevention and control of nosocomial infections: an economic perspective

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[In vitro susceptibility of different erythromycin-resistant phenotypes of Streptococcus pyogenes to moxifloxacin and other fluoroquinolones]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin (BAY 12-8039) compared with ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and sparfloxacin against 156 Group A beta-haemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) strains. Sixty strains were macrolide- lincosamide- and streptogramin B susceptible; 16 strains exhibited a constitutive resistance phenotype; 32 strains exhibited an inducible phenotype; and 48 strains were characterized by the M-type efflux-dependent phenotype. The MICs were determined by an agar dilution method according to NCCLS-approved guidelines. Moxifloxacin showed an enhanced activity compared with the other fluoroquinolones against all the different macrolide-resistant phenotypes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

[Treatment of streptococcal tonsillo-pharyngitis in paediatric patients: short-course therapy with cefaclor]

Short-course treatments of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis with oral cephalosporins and macrolides have resulted in a similar bacteriologic and clinical cure rate and in better compliance compared to the conventional 10-day course. Cefaclor has never been investigated for this purpose. 138 patients out of 420 recruited patients had a positive culture for S. pyogenes and were randomly assigned to receive cefaclor (25 mg/kg/bid) for a 5- (70 pts) or 10-day (68 pts) course. Patients were assessed clinically and bacteriologically 2-3 days after completing the course and followed up after 20-30 days. All 420 recruited patients belonged to a population of 2,800 children who had been previously screened for a streptococcal carrier state to exclude carriers from final evaluation. Clinical cure and bacteriological eradication was recorded in 92.8% and 92.6% of patients in groups A and B respectively. Therefore, short-course therapy with cefaclor may offer an effective alternative treatment to conventional regimens, with potential for better compliance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

[Microbiological survey in an Intensive Care Unit]

An epidemiological survey on 417 sample from ICU patients, was carried out from January '97 to December 98 to verify the epidemiology of bacteria responsible for nosocomial infections and to monitor the susceptibility patterns to antimicrobial drugs during this period. Microbiological cultures were positive in 47.7% of the samples. P. aeruginosa was the most frequent pathogen, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp, coagulase-negative staphylococci, E.coli, with a clear prevalence of Gram-negative over Gram-positive isolates. The evaluation of the antibiotic susceptibility profile of this bacterial pathogens suggests the importance of a costant epidemiological surveillance in ICU.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical concern for antibiotic resistance]

Antibiotic resistance represents such a serious problem in the field of infectious diseases as to constitute as a threat for a post-antibiotic era. Currently, it contributes to increase treatment failures, morbidity and mortality rates, and health costs. Since 1993, the international scientific community has identified five different priorities in the struggle against antibiotic-resistance which are represented by the following bacterial species: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp, Enterococcus spp and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. At present three different approaches have been identified to overcome this phenomenon: identification of mechanisms of bacterial resistance; epidemiological surveys; synthesis of new molecules active against multiresistant microrganisms.Besides the above mentioned strategies, preventive interventions should also be carried out mainly through the optimisation of antibiotic prophylaxis, optimisation of choice and duration of therapy, improvement of antibiotic prescriptions by means of educational and administrative programs, monitoring and feedback of bacterial resistance and finally by the definition and diffusion of guidelines for therapy.

Journal Article↗