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Biomedical subjects

S de Castro

Publications and source records attributed to S de Castro.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Erythrocyte levels of ALA-dehydrase and uro-synthetase in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)].

Erythrocyte levels of ala-dehydrase and uro-synthetase as well as hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron levels and serum iron binding capacity were studied in a group of 28 patients with chronic renal failure in hemodialysis and compared to those of a control group. As is usual, hematocrit, hemoglobin an iron levels were significantly decreased, as were ala-dehydrase levels, while uro-synthetase levels were within normal levels. These results are interpreted as a blockade of the biosynthetic pathway of the protoporphyrins, which lends support to the hypothesis of an existing defect in hemoglobin synthesis in patients with chronic renal failure.

Ammonia-Lyases↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile in patients undergoing haemodialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of cephacetrile were studied after its administration as a single i.v. bolus injection of 15 mg/kg body weight to 11 patients with terminal renal inpairment undergoing haemodialysis for 6 h. A two-compartment kinetic model was used to describe the biphasic decrease in plasma concentration. The quantities of antibiotic in the central and peripheral compartments, and the amounts eliminated, were calculated for different times. During haemodialysis sessions, the average pharmacokinetic parameters of cephacetrile determined at the dialyser input were: a = 5.03 h-1, beta = 0.458 h-1, K12 = 2.337 h-1, K21 = 1.996 h-1 K13 = 1.154 h-1, Vc = 5.5081, Vp = 6.4481, Vdss = 11.9561. As a function of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cephacetrile, a regimen of multiple doses was established for patients with terminal renal impairment, which will guarantee safe and effective concentrations of the antibiotic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of carbenicillin on blood coagulation: a study in patients with chronic renal failure.

A study of coagulation has been performed on 8 chronic renal failure patients receiving carbenicillin therapy. All showed a prolongation of the bleeding, recalcification, partially-activated thromboplastin, prothrombin and thrombin times. These findings suggest the presence of an anticoagulant with an heparin-like mode of action. In vitro tests suggest that carbenicillin may be this factor. We have also shown that the drug produces a disturbance in the normal polymerization process. The implications of these findings for the treatment of (CRF) patients with carbenicillin are discussed.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes occasionally present diagnostic problems if the clinical picture is not very typical. The presence of hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid is a useful diagnostic criterion for this entity. However, in many diffuse interstitial pulmonary diseases (DIPD) there is a lesion at the alveolocapillary barrier, and an exit of red blood cells could occur from the blood vessels, leading to the appearance of siderophages. The aim of this work was dual: to evaluate the presence and number of siderophages in different types of interstitial pulmonary disease and to compare the diagnostic yield of two ways of quantifying hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Three groups of patients--controls (n = 5), DIPD (n = 32) and diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage (n = 3)--were subjected to BAL, and a differential count was made on cytocentrifuged Diff-Quik- and Perl-stained preparations. On the latter, two different measurements were made: the number of macrophages laden with hemosiderin and a quantitative "score." The results of a conventional count (percent of Perl-positive macrophages) showed significant differences between the three groups considered overall. Applying a cutoff value of 20%, the sensitivity of this method was 100% and the specificity, 91.6%. The results of the hemosiderin score showed significant differences between the three groups. Applying a value of 50 as a cutoff, the sensitivity and specificity of the method were 100%. In control patients and carriers of DIPD, the percentage of alveolar macrophages was higher than in healthy subjects. Quantification of the hemosiderin content of alveolar macrophages improved the specificity of the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage by BAL.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impaired monocyte function in primary biliary cirrhosis.

A study was carried out on the chemotactic capacity and monocyte adherence in 11 patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC); 26 cases of Alcoholic Liver Disease (CALD); 18 cases of Chronic Active Hepatitis (CAH) and 43 controls. Overall, the chemotactic response was depressed in all patients and was correlated with the degree of hepatic affectation only in the CALD and CAH cases. In PBC, a chemotactic defect could be observed against all the chemoattractant agents employed, the sera from these patients being unable to inhibit the movement of control monocytes. In contrast, in CADL and CAH no disturbance was observed in locomotion against homologous activated serum whereas the serum of those patients was able to inhibit the chemotaxis of control monocytes. The adherence capacity was only depressed in the PBC patients. Our results suggest that in PBC there is a functional monocyte disturbance which in contrast to the situation in other hepatopathies, seems to be primary and may arise at the cellular level.

Adult↗