Biomedical subjects

S Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to S Zhang.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[The protective effect of ligustrazine on optic nerve axons in rabbit eyes with continuous elevated IOP].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ligustrazine on optic nerve axons in rabbit eyes with continuous elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). METHOD: Thirty-six NZ rabbits with continuous elevated IOP induced by injection of alpha-chymotrypsin into anterior chamber were divided into two groups by randomization: treatment and control group. Ten mg/kg ligustrazine injected into the treatment group every day for 3 weeks began on the 7(th) day after IOP elevated continuously. The changes of conjunctival microcirculation and optic nerve axonal ultrastructure were observed at different time points. RESULTS: The destruction of conjunctival microcirculation and axonal ultrastructure was milder in treatment group than that in the control group. In addition, the total number of axons and the percentage of axons in optic nerve area were higher, whereas the axonal diameter was smaller in the treatment group. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that ligustrazine protect optic nerve axons from more damage induced by elevated IOP through improving ocular microcirculation.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Analysis on Helicobacter pylori infection and its related diseases in 1,442 children in Tianjin city].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children in Tianjin and to study the relationship between the Hp infection and its related diseases. METHODS: (1) Serologic examination for Hp - IgG; (2) Rapid urease test for Hp (Hp - Rut); (3) Giemsa staining for Hp; (4) Gastric fluid examination for Hp by PCR. Hp infection were diagnosed by at least two criteria. RESULTS: (1) Of the 1 442 children, 651 were Hp - IgG positive. The total positive rate was 45.15%, Positive rates of Hp - IgG among children under the age of 1 year, 3 years, 6 years, 10 years and to 14 years were 11.19%, 19.23%, 44.21%, 54.20% and 61.46%, respectively. (2) Positive rates of Hp - IgG were 31.18% (164/526) and 53.17% (48/916) in asymptomatic children and in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The rate was significantly higher in the later group (P < 0.005). (3) Hp infection rate in patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) was 90.76%, higher than that in other gastrointestinal diseases. (4) Histological examination showed that Hp infection rates were 33.20% and 83.97% in mild and moderate or severe gastritis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The prevalence of Hp infection in children in Tianjin was high. (2) Rate of Hp infection increased with age and Hp infection rate was higher in children with gastrointestinal symptoms than with asymptomatie. (3) There was a high correlation in children with gastroduodenal diseases and Hp infection especially with DU. (4) Hp positive rate correlated with the pathohistologic severity of gastritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Study on the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in peasants with different income in Binzhou prefecture Shandong province].

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the morbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and main effective factors of peasants with different income in poor area and to provide scientific data for strategy development. METHODS: The regions of investigation were divided into five parts: east, south, west, north and centre with two and three villages randomly selected for study from each region. Glucose - oxidase method was used to measure blood sugar and urine sugar. The classification and diagnosis standard were referred from the Beijing conference in 1980. RESULTS: The morbidity rates of non - insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and IGT were 1.21% and 2.35% in peasants who earned 800 and 2,500 yuan every year respectively. The standardized morbidity of NIDDM and IGT were 0.96% and 1.98%. We found that morbidity of NIDDM and IGT was very low among those younger than 20 years old but increased with age until reaching the top at the age of 70 to 80 years. DM patients were prominently seen at 30 to 40 year olds and IGT at 20 to 30 year olds. There was no difference of morbidity between male and female seen (chi(2) = 0.19 and 0.12; P > 0.05 and 0.05). The morbidity rates of DM and IGT in poverty type peasants who earned less than 1,200 yuan every year were 2.23% and 3.55% respectively, higher than those with adequate food and clothing type peasants who earned 2,000 to 2,500 yuan every year (morbidity rates were 0.39% and 1.18%; chi(2) = 18.11 and 18.10, P < 0.05 and 0.005) and those with common type of peasants who earned 1 200 to 1,900 yuan every year (morbidity rates were 0.80% and 1.92%; chi(2) = 25.85 and 18.20, P < 0.005 and 0.005). CONCLUSION: These results showed that sex did not obviously relate to morbidity of DM and IGT while age was one of the risk factors. The differences of income and unhealthy food intake played an role in the difference of morbidity to DM and IGT. It is important to increase the income of peasants and to change the unhealthy life style.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Reducing incidence and mortality from rectal cancer by polypectomy: a prospective cohort study].

OBJECTIVE: To address the hypothesis that colorectal cancers often arise from precursor lesion(s), either adenomas or non-adenomatous polyps. METHODS: A population-based mass screening for rectal cancer using 15cm rigid endoscopy was conducted in Haining County, Zhejiang province, from 1977 to 1980. Of over 230,000 participants, 4,076 of them were diagnosed with precursor lesions, either adenomas or non-adenomatous polyps, which were then removed. All individuals with precursor lesions were followed and re-examined by endoscopy every two to five years through 1998. RESULTS: After the initial screening, 952 metachronous adenomas and 417 non-adenomatous polyps were detected and removed from the cohort. Furthermore, 27 cases of colorectal cancer were detected and treated. Log-rank tests showed that the years of survival significantly increased among those cancer patients who had undergone mass screening compared to other rectal cancer patients (P < 0.001). According to the population-based cancer registry in Haining County, both age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates from rectal cancer decreased from 1977 to 1996. Observed accumulative incidence and mortality rates decreased to 68.6% and 82.4% comparing with expected numbers during the last 20 years. CONCLUSION: Mass rectal cancer screening in the general population followed by routine endoscopy for high-risk patients could decrease both rectal cancer incidence and mortality rates.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2000

[Geographic information systems spatial analysis on transmission of schistosomiasis in China].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the epidemiologic status and geographical distribution of schistosomiasis in China. METHODS: Relevant detabases were set up after collection of data from two National Sampling Surveys on Schistosomiasis, in 1989 and 1995. Spatial analysis was undertaken after the database linked to the GIS software which was supported by Arc View 3.0a. Correlation analysis was performed to understand the relationship between rates of human infection and cattle infection. RESULTS: The epidemic areas of schistosomiasis with high risk are mainly distributed in the marshland along the Yangtze River and can be identified as five spatial distribution regions based on the results of spatial analysis. Both epidemic areas and positive rates of stool examination in cattle and water buffalo are much wider and higher than that in humans. The positive correlation was seen between infection rate in human and in cattle from data of both sampling surveys. CONCLUSION: The relevant strategy for schistosomiasis control in different spatial regions should be performed accordingly and the measures of control for cattle and water buffalo should be strengthened in the endemic areas.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Analysis on genetic pattern of familial type II diabetes mellitus].

OBJECTIVE: To analyse hereditary familial type II diabetes mellitus (type II DM), including its pattern and the transmitted expression on different sex of type II DM. METHODS: Familial analysis, segregation analysis, tests were used for multifactorial inheritance and threshold analysis. One hundred seventy-seven pedigrees of familial type II DM were studied. RESULTS: The heritability of familial type II DM was 143.06% +/- 3.3%. One dominant major gene might influence the genesis of type II DM. There were 214 nuclear families in 3 different mating types: U x U, U x A and A x A. The segregation ratios of U x U, U x A and A x A were 0.4703, 0.4838 and 0.6712 respectively. The results of tests for multifactorial inheritance and segregation analysis indicated that the genetic pattern of U x A and A x A nuclear families was not multifactorial inheritant and autosomal recessive (AR) but autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance. The genetic pattern of U x U nuclear families was neither AD nor AR inheritance. CONCLUSION: There was genetic heterogeneity in type II DM discovered with subgroupes of autosomal dominant inheritance in type II DM.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[A comprehensive evaluation on psychological quality among automobile drivers].

OBJECTIVE: To study the comprehensive evaluation on the indexes of psychological quality on automobile drivers. METHODS: A index system, consisted of seven psychological indexes (including relevant physiological indexes), was developed through Delphi method and mathematical statistics. Basic data of the seven psychological and physiological indexes including mean, standard deviation and percentile, were taken from more than 8,000 occupational licensed automobile drivers and more than 6,000 trainees who were randomly sampled from 5 cities across China. The weight coefficients of indexes were determined by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). RESULTS: Comprehensive evaluation equations of the occupational automobile drivers and the trainees were established respectively. The critical values of evaluation were divided into grades by the percentiles of evaluated values. Verified results showed that there was significant difference of the values under evaluation between drivers who had accidents and who did not (t = 14.68, P < 0.01; H = 73.61, P < 0.001). The test of consistence showed that the consistence was quite good (rate of consistence = 92.99%; kappa = 0.85). CONCLUSION: Results showed that the comprehensive equations for evaluation were reasonable and feasible for detecting the potential accident-proneness drivers.

Accident Proneness↗

PubMed2000

[Randomized controlled trial of sequence mass screening program for colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE: In order to assess the effectiveness of mass screening program for colorectal cancer, a sequence mass screening program based on RPHA-FOBT and individual quantitative risk assessment model (attributive degree value, AD) was used and evaluated on its effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The residents of Jiashan county aged 30 years and over were randomized to either screening or control groups in 1989. Participants in screening group were asked to fill in a questionnaire and to submit one paper slide with stool. Participants who tested positive underwent diagnostic evaluations including flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy. RESULTS: According to the cancer registry of Jiashan, after initial mass screening in 1989, the 8-year cumulative incidence per 1,000 of colorectal cancer in screening and control groups appeared to be 3.95 (95% CI 3.81 - 4.10) and 4.01 (95% CI 3.86 - 4.16) respectively. There was no significant statistical difference between two groups (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, the 8-year cumulative mortality for colorectal cancer in screening group (2.08 per 1,000; 95% CI 1.96 - 2.18) was reduced 14.7% comparing with the control group (2.44 per 1,000; 95% CI 2.33 - 2.55). In particular, the cumulative mortality of rectal cancer was significantly (31.7%) lower than that in control group. Log-rank test showed that survival rate of rectal cancer in screening group was higher than that in controls (log-rank = 9.01, P = 0.0027). CONCLUSIONS: The sequential mass-screening program which based on RPHA-FOBT and ADV might reduce the mortality for colorectal cancer in the Chinese population.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Genotyping of hepatitis C virus and homology analysis of its core gene sequences isolated from different geological regions].

OBJECTIVE: To study the structure of its genotypes and gene variation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolated from different geological regions. METHODS: Serum specimens were collected from patients with HCV infection of Henan and Hebei Provinces of China, as well as of Sweden and Germany. HCV RNA in their serum was detected by retro-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and genotyped. The core gene of 11 HCV isolates were sequenced and their homology was analyzed for different geographic regions with software. RESULTS: Structure of HCV genotypes, isolated from two provinces of China, and from Sweden and Germany, was not identical. The homology of their core gene sequences of the same HCV genotype isolated from the same region was higher than that from different regions, and subtypes 1b and 2a were found in serum collected from China and subtypes 1a, 2c and 3a in serum from Sweden and Germany. CONCLUSION: Structure of HCV genotypes associated with their geographic distribution and difference in sequences of the same HCV genotype also associated with their geographic regions.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2000

[A cross-sectional study on injuries in the residents of Shijiazhuang city].

OBJECTIVE: To comprehend current status of injury in the residents of Shijiazhuang city and to lay a foundation for prevention from injury. METHODS: A retrospective study on injury in the 21,544 residents of two and six rural villages was conducted by multi-stage stratified sampling. RESULTS: Standardized incidence rate of injury was 4.21% in Shijiazhuang city, higher in the rural than in the urban areas and higher in men than in women. The top three causes of injuries were traffic accidents, falls and poisoning. Traffic accidents and poisoning ranked the first place in the urban areas and in the rural areas, respectively. Falls occurred mostly in those aged less than 14 years and more than 60 years. Gas poisoning and traffic accidents occurred more often in those aged 15 - 34 years and traffic accidents ranked the first in the age group of 35 - 59 years old. Standardized mortality rate of injury was 48.78 per 100,000, higher in the rural than in the urban areas. Standardized mortality rate of suicide was the highest with 23.21 per 100,000 in the countryside and that of traffic accidents ranked the next. In average, 22 years of potential life lost, 17 work years of potential life lost and nine valued years of potential life lost for each death were caused by injury. Disability rate caused by injury was 1.1 percent. Direct economic loss for each case with injury cost 679.98 RMB yuan. Incidence rate for traffic accidents ranked the highest and the most severe in all injuries. CONCLUSION: Injury has become an important public health problem harmful to the people's health.

Accidental Falls↗

PubMed2000

[Analysis of hepatitis G virus genotypes in some areas of China].

OBJECTIVE: To study the genotype distribution of hepatitis G virus (HGV) isolated from different population in some areas of China. METHODS: A total of 12 strains of HGV were isolated from different areas of China (three from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, three from Hebei Province, one from Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jilin Provinces and Xinjiang Autonomous Region each). The HGV 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the 12 isolates was sequenced and compared with other 26 isolates previously reported (17 from China and nine from other countries). RESULTS: The nucleotide sequences of five HGV clones isolated from the same patient with HGV infection were identical, with the homology of 99.1% - 100%, indicating that variation of HGV in the same human body was very limited. Genotyping could be based on the sequence of one positive clone isolated from a patient with HGV infection. The homology of the nucleotide sequences in the 12 isolates was 96.8% - 99.4%, suggesting that they belonged to the same genotype. The homology of the 12 isolates was 88.0% - 89.7%, 87.2% - 90.3% and 94.7% - 96.3%, respectively, as compared with HGV genotypes 1 (U36380), 2 (U44402) and 3 (D90601), which indicated that all the 12 HGV isolates belonged to genotype 3. Phylogenetic distance analysis of the 38 isolates suggested that HGV strains isolated from China could be further divided into different subgroups. CONCLUSION: The majority of Chinese HGV isolates belonged to genotype 3 and they could be further divided into different subgroups.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2000

[The expression of sialyl Lewis-X antigen in LoVo, HT29 cell lines of colorectal cancer and its correlation with metastatic potential].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation of sialyl Lewis-X (SLeX) antigen expression with the metastatic potential of human colorectal cancer. METHODS: The expression of biosynthetic enzyme of SLeX antigen--alpha1, 3Fuc-T mRNA in various cell lines of colorectal cancer possessed with different metastatic potentials (LoVo and HT(29)) was investigated by in situ hybridization. The expression of SLeX antigen was studied using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence-activated flow cytometry qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: The expression level of alpha1, 3Fuc-T mRNA and SLeX antigen in highly metastatic LoVo cells was high (21.2 +/- 7.7, 32.8 +/- 10.9, P < 0.05), and the expression level was low in HT(29) cells (10.8 +/- 5.2, 21.9 +/- 8.8) which are known possessed with a lower metastatic potential. CONCLUSION: The expression of SLeX antigen is correlated to the metastatic potentiality of human colorectal cancer.

Cell Line, Tumor↗

PubMed2000

[The effect of TGF-beta1 on the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and matrix metalloproteinases in cultured rat mesangial cells transfected with antisense-TGF-beta1 vector].

OBJECTIVE: To study the plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression on the cultured rat mesangial cells (MsC) transfected with antisense-TGF-beta1 vector. METHODS: Lipofectin method was used to transfect antisense-TGF-beta1 vector into MsC, Western blot and Northern blot analysis for detecting TGF-beta1 peptides and antisense TGF-beta1 RNA level. The expression of PAI-1 and MMPs were determined by Northern blot, Western bolt and zymography assay. RESULTS: The MsC clone (MAT1) which blocked the expression of TGF-beta1 peptides was successfully established. The MsC clone showed increased expression of MMP-2 mRNA protein and enzyme activity of MMP-2, 3, 7. However, expression of PAI-1 mRNA of MsC clone was suppressed. CONCLUSION: Blocked expression of TGF-beta1 can upregulate the expression of MMP-2, 3, 7 and downregulate the expression of PAI-1 mRNA in MsC. It is possible that antisense-TGF-beta1 may be used for gene therapy in glomerular diseases.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[An etiological and pathologic study of Rhinoscleroma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and mechanism of tissue injury caused by Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis (KR) infection. METHODS: Thirty-three cases of rhinoscleromas in the nasal and pharyngeal region seen in this hospital from Jan. 1980 to Mar. 2000 were studied retrospectively. Warthin-Starry (W-S) stain was used to study all cases. Five cases were studied further with transmission electron microscope. RESULTS: W-S stain revealed a great number of KR in Mikulicz cells within the granuloma. Electron microscopy demonstrated a number of phagosomes in the cytoplasm of Mikulicz cells where many KR were found. A small number of other organelles such as endoplasmic reticulums and lysozymes were squeezed to the side of cells. There were many granular substances on the surface of intracellular bacteria, which were not found on the extracellular KR. CONCLUSION: KR is a facultative intracellular bacteria that is able to resist the digestion of macrophages and to proliferate in them. Formation of granulomas and fibrosis in KR infiltrated regions is the major cause of tissue injury.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Dynamic changes of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute infection and the effect of Chinese herbal medicine intervention].

OBJECTIVE: To study the dynamic changes of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute infection and to explore the effect of 912 compound, a Chinese herbal preparation for intervention. METHODS: Forty patients with acute infection were randomly divided into 2 groups, 20 in the 912 group and 20 in the control group, and the levels of plasma endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including soluble TNF-RI, IL-4 and IL-10 were measured before and after treatment by using limulus reagent stroma azo-colored quantitative method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: The level of LPS increased at the early stage of acute infection, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were all elevated in various degrees, particularly obvious in IL-6, sTNF-RI, IL-4 and IL-10 and the elevations of the two were basically parallel. The TNF alpha, IL-6 and sTNF-RI were positively related with APACHE III scoring. The levels of LPS and inflammatory cytokines reduced to a different extent in accord with the improvement of condition after treatment, the levels of LPS, TNF alpha, IL-6 and IL-10 lowered more significantly in the 912 group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LPS, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the acute infection process, they were important indexes for evaluating severity of infectious diseases. The Chinese herbal preparation 912 compound could reduce the blood levels of LPS, TNF alpha, IL-6, IL-10 and prevent the decrease of sTNF-RI so as to promote the recovery of patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Expression and implication of c-myb and bcl-2 proteins in C6 gliomas].

This study was aimed at the level and implication of expression of c-myb and bcl-2 proteins in C6 glioma. The therapeutic effect of oncogene c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on C6 glioma in nude mice was studied. C6 glioma cells were implanted into the cutis of 36 nude mice. Ten days later, the nude mice were randomly divided into three groups and were treated with SON, AON and normal saline respectively. Three mice of every group were killed at 4 days, 8 days, 12 days and 16 days after treatment, respectively. The levels of c-myb and Bcl-2 proteins expression in the three groups were observed by the S-P immunohistochemical method. The results showed the expression of c-myb and bcl-2 proteins was significantly decreased in the AON group, compared with that in the SON and control groups (P < 0.05). These data suggest that c-myb and bcl-2 proteins may play an important role in malignant glioma, and c-myb gene and bcl-2 gene may be involved in the tumorigenesis and development of glioma.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[ATP synthesis by free yeast catalysis coupling hollow fiber ultrafiltration separation].

A novel process for the ATP production employing free yeast catalysis and coupling a hollow fiber module ultrafiltration separation was studied. The experimental results of biocatalyst half-life and operating stability for ultrafiltration showed that the enzymes released from free yeast cell could be cut-off efficiently from the product output stream by hollow fiber membrane. The intercepted percentage of ADH and HK reached more than 95% during the steady running. The efficiency of enzymes utilized was 2.0-2.5 fold as much as that of batch reaction. And the time of yeast cells used repeatedly for ATP synthesis reached 2.5-3.0 batches. Under 0.1 MPa, the ultrafiltrating speed of hollow fiber membrane could keep on a stabilizing value for 11 batches continuously. The continuous operation mode of ATP synthesis simultaneous product ultrafiltration separation could be maintained in higher conversion rate for 5.0 h when the whole system fell in a pseudo-stat where the dilution rate was equal to 0.25 h-1.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed2000

[Quantitative assay of telomerase activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To detect and quantify telomerase activity in tissues from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and to explore whether the levels of telomerase activity can be a useful marker for cancer risk assessment in HNSCC. METHOD: The levels of telomerase activity of 55 fresh specimens obtained from 25 patients with HNSCC were detected by the method of telomeric repeat scintillation radioactive count, including 25 primary tumors, 7 samples of neck metastases and 23 corresponding normal tissues as control. In 7 patients, both primary and metastatic tumors were obtained. The levels of telomerase activity were determined with a liquid scintillation counter. The basic principle of the technique is that a G-rich oligonucleotide strand of telomeric sequence is used as primer, 3H-dTTPs are incorporated into the products while telomerase elongates the primers, and then free 3H-dTTPs are removed by rinsing step, finally radioactive count per minute (cpm) of products is detected, and the levels telomerase activity can be evaluated according to the value (cpm). RESULT: 1. The levels of telomerase activity (cpm) in tissues with HNSCC were significantly higher than those in the normal tissues (P < 0.05); 2. The levels of telomerase activity in the primary tumors were higher than those of their neck metastases, but the difference was not statistical significance (P > 0.05); 3. The levels of telomerase activity in the neck metastases were remarkably higher than those in the normal tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: 1. Detection of telomerase activity in HNSCCs can be a useful marker for cancer assessment. 2. To quantify telomerase activity may have clinical diagnostic value for HNSCC. 3. The levels of telomerase activity in the metastatic lymph nodes were higher.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗