Some anatomical data related to the transnaso-sphenoidal resection of pituitary fossa tumors.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S Z Lin
Publications and source records attributed to S Z Lin.
Brain NADH and jumping behavior in the rat.
The effects of either the reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) microinjected into the brain or amphetamine injected peritoneally on jumping behavior were observed in 68 rats. The enhanced jumps in the group with amphetamine are the greatest among the three experimental groups. The enhanced effect of NADH microinjected into the caudate nucleus is stronger than those of NADH in the frontal cortex. The effects of extra NADH in the frontal cortex on the jumps are dose-dependent. NADH concentrations in the brain of rats with amphetamine increased immediately after behavioral procedure. The increased concentrations in the brain from both extra and intra sources are related to the enhanced jumps of rats.
Amphetamine↗
Retrograde localization of the innervation of the middle cerebral artery with horseradish peroxidase in cats.
The innervation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the cat was studied by applying horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to the wall of the right MCA. After a survival period of 48 to 72 hours, the bilateral superior cervical ganglia, middle cervical ganglia, stellate ganglia, T-4 sympathetic paravertebral ganglia, geniculate ganglia, semilunar ganglia, nodose ganglia, and brain stem including midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata were removed to be processed with tetramethyl benzidine. HRP-labeled neurons were found in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, semilunar ganglion, and dorsal raphe nucleus. The other areas did not have HRP activity. The results suggest that the adrenergic nerves innervating the MCA originate in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion, the sensory nerves originate in the ipsilateral semilunar ganglion, and the serotonergic nerves originate in the ipsilateral dorsal raphe nucleus. Cerebral arterial constriction may relate to the intrinsic (intracerebral) neurogenic pathway involving the trigeminal nerve and the dorsal raphe nucleus.
Animals↗
[A case of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita].
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Child, Preschool↗
Intracerebral hematoma simulating a new growth.
Three cases of organized intracerebral hematomas presented slowly progressive neurological deficits and hence mimicked brain tumors. Computed tomography scanning revealed ring enhancement of intracerebral mass lesions with midline shift. Angiographic studies showed avascular mass lesions. Soft, well-encapsulated, organized, large intracerebral hematomas with feeding arteries on their capsules were removed surgically. The lesions contained fresh and old hemorrhages. It is presumed that the feeding artery caused slowly continuous bleeding, thus causing these intracerebral hematomas to grow in a manner that made their clinical picture simulate that of intracerebral neoplasms. Their pathogenesis is discussed.
Adult↗
Effects of pre-ganglionic decentralization or post-ganglionic excision of the superior cervical ganglia on brain edema and heat stroke in rats.
The preventive effect of pre-ganglionic decentralization (Sympathetic trunk resectioN) or postganglionic excision (ganglionectomy) of the superior cervical ganglia on thermal injury induced brain edema or the development of heat stroke was assessed in rats. Brain edema was induced by cold or heat injury to the cortex in 24 rats. The results showed that decentralization, but not excision, of the superior cervical ganglia greatly inhibited the formation of brain edema which was subsequently induced. When heat stroke was induced by exposing 24 rats to an ambient temperature of 41 degree C, the latency for the onset of the heat stroke and the survival time after the heat stroke were greatly prolonged by the former surgical procedure, but shortened by the later one. The present study demonstrates the potential benefit to brain edema and heat stroke of the pretreatment with decentralization of the superior cervical ganglia.
Animals↗
Effects of laser guided by optic fiber into rat brain on conditioned avoidance response and brain chemistry.
Low power lasers were guided by optic fibers into the rat caudate nucleus or frontal cortex, during conditioned avoidance response (CAR) training. The changes in striatal monoamine and amino acid concentrations were subsequently determined. Of six training groups tested, only the experimental group with helium-neon laser radiation to the caudate nucleus exhibited the formation of CAR and an increase of unconditioned leg contractions. The striatal concentrations of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) were increased simultaneously in the group.
Animals↗
Effects of a low power laser beam guided by optic fiber on rat brain striatal monoamines and amino acids.
In vivo, helium-neon and nitrogen laser beams guided by optic fiber to rat caudate nucleus decreased concentrations of dopamine and serotonin, while distant laser radiation to frontal cortex did not affect striatal dopamine. In vitro, laser radiation to pure monoamines and amino acids decreased concentrations only of aspartic acid and norepinephrine. The effects in vivo are attributed to a combination of photolysis and altered brain metabolism.
Amino Acids↗
Xenografting human T2 sympathetic ganglion from hyperhidrotic patients provides short-term restoration of catecholaminergic functions in hemiparkinsonian athymic rats.
Previous studies have suggested that allografting peripheral sympathetic ganglia, such as superior cervical ganglia, partially relieves clinical or behavioral deficits in parkinsonian patients and animals. However, removal of these ganglia can cause Homer's syndrome, which limits the utilization of this approach. Hyperhidrosis, a disease of excessive sweating, is commonly seen in young Orientals. Treatment of hyperhidrosis often involves surgical removal of the second thoracic sympathetic ganglia (T2G), which contain catecholaminergic neurons. The purpose of our study was to investigate behavioral responses and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in hemiparkinsonian rats at different time points after transplantation of human T2G from hyperhidrotic patients. Athymic Fisher 344 rats were injected unilaterally with 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle to destroy the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) pathway. The effectiveness of lesions was tested by measuring methamphetamine (MA)-induced rotations. These unilaterally lesioned rats were later transplanted with T2G or T2 fiber tract (T2F) obtained from adult hyperhidrotic patients. Animals grafted with T2G showed a reduction in MA-induced rotation by 2 weeks; however, rotation returned to the pregrafting levels by 3 months. Animals receiving T2F grafts did not show any reduction of rotation over a 3-month period. Animals were later sacrificed for TH immunostaining at different time points. Tyrosine hydroxylase-positive [TH(+)] cell bodies and fibers were found in the lesioned striatum 2-4 weeks after T2G grafting, suggesting the survival of transplants. Two to 3 months after grafting, TH(+) fibers were still found in almost all the recipients. However, TH(+) cell bodies were found in only three of seven rats studied. Animals receiving T2F grafting did not show any TH immunoreactivity in the lesioned striatum over the 3-month period. These data indicate that T2G transplants from adult hyperhidrotic patients can survive and provide transient normalization of the motor behavior in the hemiparkinsonian athymic rats. Because of the short-term improvement in behavior after grafting, the use of T2G in human trials should be cautious at the present time. Further laboratory research is required.
Animals↗