Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Young

Publications and source records attributed to S Young.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Diethyl ether interference with infrared breath analysis.

Diethyl ether vapor may substantially interfere with breath alcohol analysis by instruments based on infrared absorption at 9.5 microns. Exposure of two volunteers simultaneously to diethyl ether vapor for one hour followed immediately by breath tests on the Draeger Alcotest 7110, Siemens Alcomat V5.2F, and Seres Ethylometre 679T produced apparent alcohol readings in one subject of 0.4, 0.1, and 0.1 g/100 mL of blood respectively. Positive readings persisted in this subject for more than 3 hours. The second subject produced much lower readings of 0.03, 0.01, and 0.00, respectively. Readings persisted with the Alcotest 7110 for one hour. Gas chromatographic analyses of blood and breath samples confirmed that these readings were caused by diethyl ether and not ethanol. The blood concentration of diethyl ether in Subject A immediately after exposure was 25 mg/L. This level produced no clinically detectable neurological changes in the subject.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of Doppler flow screening studies and elective revisions on dialysis access failure.

A retrospective study was undertaken to see if screening ultrasounds and elective surgical revision could decrease access failure. Two hundred fifty-three accesses [177 gortex grafts, 76 arteriovenous (AV) fistulas] were studied with duplex imaging. Patients were subdivided by access type, flow, percent stenosis, and whether they were surgically revised. Data was examined to determine access failure within 6 months. Ten of 76 fistulas clotted (13.1%), while 53 of 177 grafts clotted (29.9%) (p = 0.005). In Gortex grafts, stenosis (p < 0.05) and decreased flow (p = 0.005) correlated with clotting. In unrevised grafts with flow < or = 801 ml/min, 13 of 14 (92.8%) clotted, whereas of those with flow > or = 1603 ml/min only, 10 of 38 (26.3%) clotted (chi-square = 24.74; p < 0.0001). Only 1 of 18 (5.6%) revised grafts with flow < or = 1300 ml/min clotted, while 29 of 69 (42%) unrevised grafts clotted (p = 0.004). We were unable to demonstrate decreased clotting in fistulae with revisions. In conclusion, screening duplex scanning was able to select groups with a higher risk of access failure over the subsequent 6 months. Elective revision with correction of areas of stenosis in grafts with flows < or = 1300 ml/min significantly decreased the incidence of clotting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthrography using perfluorocarbon compounds.

The neat liquid and an emulsion of two perfluorocarbon compounds were injected into the knee joints of dogs and a human cadaver to investigate their applicability for arthrography. Excellent delineation of joint structures was observed for as long as 24 hours, but after 24 hours each contrast agent leaked out of the joint capsule into surrounding tissue. Light microscopy of joint tissue revealed a synovial proliferative reaction and a foreign-body granuloma reaction in surrounding tissues. No clinically apparent adverse side effects were evident in the test animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mobilization and manipulation for low-back pain.

Mobilization and manipulation have been compared with placebo physiotherapy in patients with nonspecific back pain. Studies were conducted on 94 patients seen in general practice and 94 referred to hospital rheumatology and orthopaedic clinics for a specialist opinion. Assessments were performed immediately after the treatment course, two months later, and at one year. Most patients in both series showed improvements. In the general practitioner series, there was a slight but definite advantage in favor of those receiving mobilization and manipulation immediately after the course of treatment. However, these differences had largely disappeared at three months, and at one year the two groups were identifical. Analysis of the data indicated that clinical improvement correlated with the shorter length of history. No such advantage in favor of mobilization and manipulation was found in the hospital series. It is believed that this is because the hospital patients all had a longer duration of symptoms and a number of other features that were identified as being significantly worse. This study indicates the high rate of spontaneous resolution of low-back pain. In patients likely to improve anyway, mobilization and manipulation may hasten improvements but do not affect the long-term prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Responses of pregnant women to potential preterm labor symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the knowledge that healthy pregnant women have of appropriate actions to take in response to hypothetical symptoms of preterm labor. DESIGN: This was a descriptive, correlational study using a convenience sample. SETTING: Subjects were recruited from the private practices of obstetricians and nurse-midwives. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred twenty pregnant women who were between 20 and 32 weeks gestation were asked to complete a 17-item demographic information sheet and an 18-item Health Pregnancy Questionnaire while waiting for prenatal visits. Questionnaires from 269 women were appropriate for analysis. RESULTS: Most respondents could select appropriate action responses to items that identified obvious symptoms of being in preterm labor. In response to three questions that posed hypothetical preterm labor symptoms that were more subtle or were similar to normally occurring discomforts of pregnancy, between 26% and 35% of the women selected a choice that would have delayed entry into care. With a 95% confidence interval, significant positive relationships were found between selecting best responses and having experienced a previous preterm labor and maternal age. CONCLUSION: This study supports the need for all pregnant women to receive information on identification of preterm labor symptoms and appropriate actions to take with regard to these symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nonlinear kinetic analysis of the elimination of lipid emulsion administered intravenously to dogs.

A model based on a Michaelis-Menten nonlinear kinetic approach was used to analyze the kinetics of elimination of an intravenously infused lipid emulsion in the dog. The emulsion was administered at doses of 0.3, 3, or 6 g of lipid/kg of body weight. The model was applicable to all data regardless of the kinetic order of the elimination process operating. This can be either zero (linear), mixed, or first order (exponential). Furthermore, it was also found that parameters derived with the model can be used to predict the kinetics of elimination at different dosages. However, it was also shown that elimination parameters for a single bolus dose of lipid emulsion cannot be used to predict the manner in which a continuously infused dose will be eliminated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of the elimination and metabolism of 10% Travamulsion and 10% Intralipid lipid emulsion in the dog.

A study was performed comparing the elimination kinetics of two soybean oil/egg phosphatide lipid emulsions (10% Travamulsion vs 10% Intralipid) from the vascular compartment of the dog. Elimination kinetics were evaluated after bolus injection and after continuous infusion studies. Evaluation of triglyceride and free fatty acid data indicates the emulsions are similar metabolic substrates. Phospholipid and cholesterol data indicate a possible difference in remnant particle removal. At the higher lipid dosages, remnant particles from Travamulsion injection were removed at a faster rate than those from Intralipid.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty acid profiles in response to soybean oil lipid emulsion infusions in essential fatty acid-deficient miniature swine.

The ability of soybean oil lipid emulsions to affect essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and plasma fatty acid distribution was studied in neonatal pigs. The test animals were maintained on a fat-free diet prior to administration of lipid emulsion. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of essential [linoleic (C-18:2 omega 6) and arachidonic (C-20:4 omega 6)] and nonessential [palmitic (C-16, palmitoleic (C-16:1 omega 7), stearic (C-18), and oleic (C-18:1 omega 9)] fatty acids and the triene:tetraene ratio [5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (C-20:3 omega 9):arachidonic acid (C-20:4 omega 6)] were monitored to ascertain the establishment of EFAD and its correction. Nonessential fatty acids were studied, as these components of lipid therapy have received little attention. Results indicate that soybean oil emulsions are effective in reversing fatty acid profiles found in EFAD, and both essential and nonessential fatty acids are under strict metabolic control.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Social and cultural vulnerability to sexually transmitted infection: the work of exotic dancers.

This article examines the social and cultural factors that influence the vulnerability of female exotic dancers to sexually transmitted infections. Results are based on a qualitative, exploratory study using observations in 10 clubs and in-depth interviews with 30 dancers in southern Ontario. The social and cultural context within which exotic dancing takes place contributes to a chronic state of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the strip clubs. Women are pressured by economics and by their customers to engage in sex for pay. The defence mechanisms that some women use to deal with these work conditions also contribute to women's vulnerability. The social structure of strip clubs and their policies toward employees and customers can either reduce or exacerbate the vulnerability of dancers. Workplace policies and health and safety standards appear to be the most effective ways to decrease the vulnerability of dancers. Public health units can work with employers and dancers to establish workplace policies and programmes that contribute to the health and wellbeing of dancers.

Adolescent↗