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Biomedical subjects

S Yoshida

Publications and source records attributed to S Yoshida.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

1q23 gain is associated with progressive neuroblastoma resistant to aggressive treatment.

Neuroblastoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of childhood and is characterized by regressive and progressive disease. Genetic factors that define progression of neuroblastomas are still unknown. We performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on 27 neuroblastomas and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to identify genetic aberrations associated with progressive neuroblastoma showing resistance to aggressive treatment. 17q21-q25 gains and MYCN amplification were associated with stage 4 neuroblastomas; however, these genetic aberrations had no significant relation to the progression of stage 4 neuroblastomas. A novel chromosomal gain at 1q21-q25 was found in 8 of 16 cases (50%) of stage 4 neuroblastoma. Gain of 1q21-q25 was observed in all of the progressive cases (8/8), which showed resistance to chemotherapy, including 5 fatal neuroblastomas in stage 4, whereas 1q21-q25 gain was not found in any of the 8 remission cases in stage 4. Survival analysis also showed that 1q21-q25 gain was associated with a poor outcome. High xenotransplantability in nude mice was observed for the tumors with 1q21-q25 gain (4/5; 80%). These data show that 1q21-q25 gain is strongly associated with progression of stage 4 neuroblastoma. Furthermore, by dual-color FISH analysis using cosmid clones, the 1q21-q25 gain was narrowed to increase in DNA copy number on 1q23 in the fatal type of stage 4 neuroblastoma showing this gain. These results suggest that DNA amplification at 1q23 may play a role in the development of progressive neuroblastoma in an advanced stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Fusion of TEL/ETV6 to a novel ACS2 in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia with t(5;12)(q31;p13).

We identified a novel human long fatty acyl CoA synthetase 2 gene, ACS2, as a new ETV6 fusion partner gene in a recurrent t(5;12)(q31;p13) translocation in a patient with refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB) with basophilia, a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) with eosinophilia, and a patient with acute eosinophilic leukemia (AEL). ACS2 is expressed in the brain and bone marrow and is highly conserved in man and rats. The resulting ETV6/ACS2 fusion transcripts showed an out-frame fusion of exon 1 of ETV6 to exon 1 of ACS2 in the AEL case, an out-frame fusion of exon 1 of ETV6 to exon 11 of ACS2 in the AML case, and a short in-frame fusion of ETV6 exon 1 to the 3' untranslated region of ACS2 in the RAEB case. Reciprocal ACS2/ETV6 transcripts were identified in two of the cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with ETV6 cosmids on 12p13, and BACs and P1s on 5q31, demonstrated that the 5q31 breakpoints of the AML and AEL cases involved the 5' portion of the ACS2 gene, and that the 5q31, breakpoint of the RAEB case involved the 3' portion of the ACS2 gene. None of the resulting chimeric transcripts except for the ACS2/ETV6 transcript in the RAEB case led to a fusion protein. Disruption of the second ETV6 allele by t(12;19) was detected in the AML case by FISH analysis. These observations suggest that the disruption of ETV6 and/or ACS2 may lead to the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies with t(5;12)(q31;p13).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A study on the differences between oral squamous cell carcinomas and normal oral mucosas measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

We investigated the differences of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and normal gingival epithelium (NGE) or normal subgingival tissue (NST). We used 15 specimens of OSCC which had not been treated before measurement and 10 of NGE or NST. We also used cultured oral squamous cell carcinoma (COSCC) and the tissue (MSCC) which massed for 3 months after the cultured oral squamous cell carcinoma was transplanted into the lower back of a rat. Those tissue spectra were compared with the purified human collagens and human keratin. One half of every tissue specimen was measured with FTIR and the other half was investigated histologically. The differences of FTIR spectra between OSCC and NGE were observed in the bands between 1431 and 1482 cm(-1) and between 1183 and 1274 cm(-1). The shoulder at 1368 cm(-1) tended to disappear in OSCC, and the peaks at 1246 and 1083 cm(-1) found in NGE tended to shift to those at 1242 and 1086 cm(-1) in OSCC, respectively. The infrared spectrum of NST was noticed to be strongly influenced by the presence of collagen. Significant differences were also observed in the second derivative FTIR spectra between OSCC and NGE. Our data suggested that this infrared technique is applicable to clinical diagnostics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Therapeutic agent for treating dysuria (NC-1800): absolute configuration of the enantiomers.

The absolute configuration of an enantiomer of the title compound, (+/-)-1. fumaric acid salt, was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis of (+)-1 [salt of (+)-tartaric acid [(+)-2]]. This salt for X-ray crystallographic analysis was prepared by a simple method. The analysis of (+)-1 [salt of (+)-2] showed that this enantiomer has the 5-S and 1-R absolute configuration. The final R and Rw values were 0.0614 and 0.0713, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Expression of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system in the inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of the thioredoxin (TRX)-thioredoxin reductase (TR) system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with other rheumatic diseases. METHODS: Levels of TRX in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cellular distribution of TRX was determined by flow cytometry and histochemistry. Cellular expression of TR was studied by in situ messenger RNA (mRNA) hybridization. The effect of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on TRX expression by cultured rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes was studied. RESULTS: Significantly increased TRX levels were found in the SF from 22 patients with RA, when compared with plasma levels in the same patients (P < 0.001) and compared with SF TRX levels in 15 patients with osteoarthritis (P < 0.001), 13 patients with gout (P < 0.05), and 9 patients with reactive arthritis (P < 0.0001). The presence of TRX could be demonstrated within the SF-derived mononuclear cells and synovial tissue (ST) of RA patients. Concordantly, expression of TR mRNA was observed in the ST of these patients. Stimulation of synovial fibroblast-like synoviocytes with either H2O2 or TNF alpha induced an increase in the production of TRX. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate significantly increased concentrations of TRX in the SF and ST of RA patients when compared with the levels in patients with other joint diseases. Evidence is presented that the local environment in the rheumatic joint contributes to increased TRX production. Based on its growth-promoting and cytokine-like properties, it is proposed that increased expression of TRX contributes to the disease activity in RA.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Hepatocyte growth factor concentration in rat bile is affected by hepatic resection volume and external biliary drainage.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) concentrations in bile have been shown to be useful in the early assessment of liver function after hepatectomy. The aim of the present study is to prove the hypothesis that the level of bile HGF is proportional to the regeneration capacity of the liver using a rat model. METHODS: Blood and bile were sampled from rats who underwent 30 or 70% hepatectomy, with or without biliary drainage. HGF concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Liver regeneration was significantly suppressed after hepatectomy in the rats that underwent external biliary drainage. The bile HGF concentration was positively correlated with the resected liver volume within 24 h of hepatectomy, and HGF levels were markedly increased by external biliary drainage. The postoperative changes in plasma HGF were less dramatic. CONCLUSIONS: HGF appears to play an important role in liver regeneration. Bile HGF concentrations, unlike plasma HGF levels, are a good reflection of the hepatic biosynthesis of this growth factor. Increased concentrations of HGF in bile after external biliary drainage may reflect a compensatory response to the continuous loss of hepatocyte growth factor-rich fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha on gut mucosal protein turnover in mice fed enterally.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether mucosal protein turnover is enhanced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in mice fed enterally. METHODS: Male B6C3F1 mice (n = 37, 20.0-25.0 g) were catheterized in the ICV space using stereotaxic coordination, and subsequently a catheter was inserted into the stomach for enteral feeding on Day 0. The animals were fed a standard mouse diet and water ad libitum for 4 days. On Day 4, enteral feeding was begun with a standard liquid diet, and either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control) or recombinant human (Rh) TNF-alpha (5 ng/h) was continuously given via the ICV catheter using an osmotic pump. On either Day 5 or 7, the mice were sacrificed 10 min after injection of [U-(14)C]phenylalanine (5 microCi/mouse, ip). Fractional synthetic rates (FSRs) of jejunal mucosa and muscle were measured by the pool flooding technique. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the plasma were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Body weight was significantly reduced by ICV injection of TNF-alpha, because muscle FSR was decreased with TNF-alpha. There were no differences in IL-6 levels in the plasma between the two groups. The FSR of jejunal mucosa was elevated by infusion of TNF-alpha as compared with control mice on both Days 5 and 7 [Day 5: (control) 99.5 +/- 17. 6%/day vs (TNF) 150.5 +/- 20.5%/day, P < 0.05; Day 7: (control) 54.8 +/- 8.8%/day vs (TNF) 102.7 +/- 19.1%/day, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: injection of TNF-alpha enhanced the mucosal protein synthesis rate without elevating IL-6 levels as compared with control mice, suggesting that the central nervous system links to the gut to regulate mucosal protein turnover through cytokine in the brain, but plasma IL-6 is not involved in this linkage.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Expression of immunoglobulin superfamily members on the lymphatic endothelium of inflamed human small intestine.

Previously, lymphatic endothelium of human tissue has been shown to express only platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). In this study we examined the expression of immunoglobulin superfamily members on the lymphatic endothelium of human small intestine while in the presence of inflammatory cytokines. Lymphatic vessels were identified by using a cocktail of IgGs for desmoplakin I and II while the presence of inflammatory cytokines was determined by the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II in the venules. As a result, lymphatic vessels in the tissue with venules expressing MHC class II expressed PECAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, ICAM-3, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). The expression of ICAM-3 and VCAM-1 was significantly stronger in lymphatic vessels than in blood vessels. The results suggest that inflamed lymphatic endothelium may allow more lymphocyte subpopulations to adhere to the endothelium than non-inflamed lymphatic endothelium, due to the expression of multiple adhesion molecules playing a role.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical study on leukocyte adhesion molecules expressed on lymphatic endothelium.

Leukocyte adhesion molecules expressed on the lymphatic endothelium in human small intestine and submandibular lymph node were studied immunohistochemically. Lymphatic capillaries in the lamina propria, mucosal muscle layer, and submucosal connective tissue of the intestine and in the capsule of the lymph node showed strong expression of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1). A few lymphatic capillaries that weakly expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were found in the capsule of the lymph node but in the small intestine, no lymphatic capillaries expressed detectable amounts of ICAM-1. Lymphatic capillaries also did not express detectable amounts of endothelial cell-selectin in the small intestine and lymph node. When lymphocytes migrate from tissue into lymphatic capillaries, multiple adhesion molecules may not be required for the migration. PECAM-1, however, may contribute to adherence of lymphocytes to lymphatic endothelium and the expression of adhesion molecules on lymphatic endothelium may be different between tissues.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

A successful surgical repair of the hepatic hydrothorax using pneumoperitoneum: report of a case.

A successful surgical repair of a right hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites is reported. A technetium-99m scintigram that was injected intraperitoneally provided evidence of a one-way flow of fluid from the peritoneal to pleural cavity. To identify any possible minute defects in the diaphragm, carbon dioxide was insufflated into the peritoneal cavity during the operation. We performed a direct suture of the defect observed on the diaphragm. The pleural effusion subsequently vanished after the operation.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Ga-67 tumor scan in malignant diffuse mesothelioma--comparison with CT and pathological findings.

Malignant diffuse mesothelioma is characterized by more difficult diagnosis and worse prognosis than other pleural tumors. In the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Medical Center for Adults, 11 patients underwent panpleuropneumonectomy for this disease between January, 1988 and March, 1993. In 7 of these cases, Ga-67 scans were obtained before the operation. To clarify the factors affecting Ga-67 uptake in the pleural tumor, we compared Ga-67 uptake on the involved side of the thorax with CT and the pathological findings of the tumor. Regarding the use of Ga-67 scan imaging for the diagnosis of this disease, a number of related findings must be considered, such as an encircled wide Ga-67 uptake in the thickened pleural involvement and a diffuse slight Ga-67 uptake on the affected side with very slight involvement of the pleura. When the involved pleural thickness was over 6 mm, a definite correlation was found between the degree of Ga-67 uptake and the macroscopic thickness of mesothelioma in resected specimens. Thickness of the pleura on CT images demonstrates the real tumor thickness in the case of thickened involvement but in the case of thin involvement the real thickness of active mesothelioma could not be identified. No definite correlation was found between the degree of Ga-67 uptake and the histological type, or among microscopic findings, such as the extent of tumor parenchyma, interstitial volume and tumor vascularity. Our results suggest that the Ga-67 scan is very useful for revealing the extent of pleural involvement, especially when this involvement is more than 6 mm thick.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Serum lysozyme levels and clinical features of sarcoidosis.

Serum lysozyme is used as a marker of sarcoidosis disease activity. In this study we examined the association between lysozyme levels and the clinical features of sarcoidosis and thus the clinical usability of this parameter in a large population. One hundred ten sarcoidosis patients from central Japan were examined for clinical features and serum lysozyme level at the first visit to our hospital and on a regular basis thereafter. The sensitivity of lysozyme for predicting sarcoidosis was 79.1%, whereas that of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was 59.0%. Even in the cases without an elevated serum ACE level, a value of 72.1% was obtained. The serum lysozyme level demonstrated a significant tendency to increase with the number of organs involved (p < 0.01). There were significant differences among the four radiographic stages (p < 0. 05). The maximum serum lysozyme levels of patients without a disappearance of abnormal shadows on chest radiography within 5 years were significantly greater than those of individuals with a disappearance (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between serum lysozyme and serum ACE levels was observed. Because serum lysozyme is much less specific for sarcoidosis than serum ACE, its diagnostic value may be limited. However, the sensitivity was high even when serum ACE levels were within normal limits and correlated well with clinical features in sarcoidosis. Therefore, this parameter seems suitable for disease monitoring in proven cases.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1999

Restoration of culturability of starvation-stressed and low-temperature-stressed Escherichia coli O157 cells by using H2O2-degrading compounds.

Late-exponential-phase cells of Escherichia coli O157:H- strain E32511/HSC became nonculturable in sterilized distilled water microcosms at 4 degrees C. Plate counts declined from 3 x 10(6) to less than 0.1 CFU/ml in about 21 days. However, when samples of microcosms at 21 days were inoculated onto an agar medium amended with catalase or nonenzyme peroxide-degrading compounds such as sodium pyruvate or alpha-ketoglutaric acid, plate counts increased to 10(4)-10(5) CFU/ml within 48 h. The proposed mode of action of the catalase or pyruvate is via the degradation of the metabolic by-product H2O2, rather than through supplementation of a required nutrient in the recovery of nonculturable cells. Our studies were based on the assumption that E32511/HSC strain responds to starvation and a low temperature by entering a nonculturable state and that the correction of oxidative stress upon the inoculation of bacteria on agar plates promotes recovery of nonculturable cells.

Catalase↗
PubMed1999

Extraosseous calcified plasmacytoma causing thoracic myelopathy.

We report on a rare, calcified, plasma cell tumor of the spine causing progressive myelopathy. Other unusual features were the lack of an osseous lesion at the site of the mass, considerable calcified amyloid within the mass but no identifiable amyloid elsewhere, and normal serum immunoelectrophoresis.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1999

Effect of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol ester and incisional wounding on neuropsin mRNA and its protein expression in murine skin.

The expression of neuropsin mRNA in vivo in mouse skin was examined by in situ hybridization and Northern blotting under stimulated conditions. Two kinds of epidermal stimuli, a topical application of a chemical tumor promoter and incisional wounding, were used. A single topical application of 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate induced epidermal hyperplasia and simultaneously induced an extensive increase in neuropsin mRNA in the suprabasal cells. A full-thickness skin incision also induced a profound increase in neuropsin mRNA in the suprabasal cells surrounding the wound but not in actively proliferating basal cells. The increases in neuropsin mRNA occurred rather late and were limited to the site of drug application or around the incision. Interestingly, neuropsin mRNA was not expressed in the epithelial tongue migrating toward the wound during re-epithelialization. Thus, neuropsin might participate in accelerated epidermal differentiation rather than in the proliferation or migration of keratinocytes in the wound.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Is a proton pump inhibitor necessary for the treatment of lower-grade reflux esophagitis?

The efficacy of histamine H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapies in healing reflux esophagitis was compared in a prospective randomized case-control comparative study. A total of 71 patients with grade A to D esophagitis (Los Angeles classification) were given either famotidine 20 mg twice a day (Fam; n = 35) or omeprazole 20 mg once daily (Ome; n = 36) for 8 weeks. Endoscopy was performed to assess healing in 57 patients. Healed patients were followed-up without H2RA or PPI therapy for 3 months. At the end of follow-up, endoscopy was able to be performed in 33 patients. Healing rates for patients in the Fam and Ome groups were 58.6% (17/OFF and 97.4% (27/28), respectively (P < 0.001), and when limited to grade A to B, healing rates were 60.9% (14/23) and 100% (25/25), respectively (P < 0.001). Concerning Helicobacter pylori infection, healing rates for the Fam and Ome groups in H. pylori (+) patients were 90.0% (9/10) and 90.9% (10/11), respectively (P = 1.00). Remission rates in the Fam and Ome groups were 45.0% (91/2)) and 33.3% (6/18), respectively (P > 0.4). In regard to alcohol drinking, remission rates of daily and social drinkers were 7.7% and 42.4%, respectively (P < 0.03). Thus, PPI should be the drug of choice even for healing lower-grade reflux esophagitis, especially in H. pylori (-) patients. Treatment with H2RA may be an alternative choice in H. pylori (+) patients. After healing, most patients cannot sustain remission without maintenance therapy.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1999

Dynamic changes in glucose metabolism of living rat brain slices induced by hypoxia and neurotoxic chemical-loading revealed by positron autoradiography.

Fresh rat brain slices were incubated with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution at 36 degrees C, and serial two-dimensional time-resolved images of [18F]FDG uptake were obtained from these specimens on imaging plates. The fractional rate constant (= k3*) of [18F]FDG proportional to the cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglc) was evaluated by applying the Gjedde-Patlak graphical method to the image data. With hypoxia loading (oxygen deprivation) or glucose metabolism inhibitors acting on oxidative phosphorylation, the k3* value increased dramatically suggesting enhanced glycolysis. After relieving hypoxia < or = 10-min, the k3* value returned to the pre-loading level. In contrast, with > or = 20-min hypoxia only partial or no recovery was observed, indicating that irreversible neuronal damage had been induced. However, after loading with tetrodotoxin (TTX), the k3* value also decreased but returned to the pre-loading level even after 70-min TTX-loading, reflecting a transient inhibition of neuronal activity. This technique provides a new means of quantifying dynamic changes in the regional CMRglc in living brain slices in response to various interventions such as hypoxia and neurotoxic chemical-loading as well as determining the viability and prognosis of brain tissues.

Animals↗