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Biomedical subjects

S Yasuoka

Publications and source records attributed to S Yasuoka.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Characteristics of the cellular composition, especially the lymphocyte sub-populations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

The pathogenesis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which often occurs in Japan, was examined by analysing the cell profile, especially the lymphocyte sub-populations, of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from these patients: twenty-two normal volunteers and fourteen patients with localized lung cancer as controls. Lymphocyte sub-populations were determined by the micro-testplate method. In the bronchial fluid of the summer hypersensitivity groups, the total cell number was much higher (five to ten times) than in the control groups, and the percentage of lymphocytes reached 84.2 +/- 5.1% (mean +/- s.e. mean); the percentage of T lymphocytes was significantly increased (95.6 +/- 1.0%), but that of B lymphocytes (3.2 +/- 0.6%) was similar to that of the control groups, though the absolute numbers of B and T lymphocytes were higher than in the control groups. In the peripheral blood of the summer hypersensitivity group, the percentage of B lymphocytes was significantly higher than that found in the normal volunteers, but that of T lymphocytes was not increased. Cellular changes in bronchial fluid were more evident than changes seen by X-ray examination and are considered to be a good parameter of the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. It is considered that cell-mediated immunity as well as the Arthus reaction may be intimately related to the pathogenesis of summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Long-term result and its evaluation after aorto-coronary bypass grafting].

Since a first successful A-C bypass using saphenous vein graft was performed in 1970, eighty five patients with severe coronary heart disease were operated on in our clinic. Up to date, A-C bypass was carried out in sixty four cases, and aorto-coronary sinus bypass (Ao-Cs bypass) as an arterialization of the coronary venous system was done in one case in the group of angina pectoris. Three cases among sixty four patients who underwent A-C bypass and a case of Ao-Cs bypass died of low cardiac output syndrome postoperatively. Other two cases died of refractory arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy 6 years after surgery. The remaining fifty nine cases are doing well without any complications during follow up from ranging 2 months to 13 years (mean 3 years 4 months). Recently, no operative death was found during past 8 years with development of surgical technique and myocardial protection. Ventricular function (cardiac index, LVedp, Max LV dp/dt, EF, LVEDVI , double products at rest and during treadmill exercise test) disclosed good results especially in complete revascularization group. Graft patency had a close correlation between a diameter of the coronary artery at the anastomosis site and bypass graft flow after completion of bypass. Subsequently, a good patency rate (84%-86%) was obtained in cases with the coronary artery more than 1.5 mm in diameter. It could be concluded that A-C bypass was useful procedure to improve ventricular function as well as clinical symptoms and longevity of the life.

Angioplasty, Balloon↗
PubMed1983

[Case of tinnitus, vertigo, and a loss of caloric response due to neurovascular compression].

The authors report a case of neurovascular compression of the eighth cranial nerve in a 49-year-old businessman. The patient was admitted to the University of Tokyo Hospital because of progressive vertigo and tinnitus on the right without hearing loss over the seven years prior. There were no other symptoms. The general examination was normal. He was neurologically intact except for loss of caloric response. Audiometric studies and brain stem response were normal. The findings of routine hematology, biochemistry, and serology were within normal limits. Tomogram showed that right internal auditory meatus was wider than the left by 2 mm. Computed tomography with metrizamide demonstrated a filling defect in the right cerebellopontine angle. We decided to proceed with exploratory operation with the tentative diagnosis of a left cerebello-pontine angle mass, perhaps neurinoma en plaque meningioma, or epidermoid tumor. Left retromastoid craniectomy with microsurgical exploration of the cerebellopontine angle revealed not a tumor, but a loop of the anterior interior cerebellar artery (AICA) compressing the eighth cranial nerve close to the porus acousticus. A piece of muscle was inserted between the eighth cranial nerve and the AICA. His postoperative course was uneventfull with complete relief of symptoms and without impairment of hearing. In patients with hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia, neurovascular compression (NVC) has been found at the root entry zone of the facial or trigeminal nerves close to the brain stem at the "junction zone" on the glia and schwann sheath of these nerves.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1983

[Proposal for the definition of "foramen magnum syndrome"--foramen magnum tumor and abnormalities].

The clinical appearance of foramen magnum tumor is protean and, even at the stage when serious neurological deficits are present, the lesions are often misdiagnosed as another disease, especially cervical spondylosis and multiple sclerosis, and patients may undergo improper concervative or even surgical treatments. The best guarantee against misdiagnosis, we believed, was to establish a definition of "Foramen Magnum Syndrome" to facilitate the recollection of its peculiar clinical findings. "Foramen Magnum Syndrome" is composed of: 1. Cape distribution of sensory loss; 2. Atrophy of the intrinsic muscles of the hands; 3. Neck or suboccipital pain; 4. Dysesthesia of the hands (numbness, tingling, and cold sensation); 5. Eleventh cranial nerve palsy; 6. Stereoanesthesia. (Remember the mnemonic CANDES or DESCAN) Among these, cape distribution of sensory loss, eleventh cranial nerve palsy and cold dysesthesia (not numbness or tingling sensation) are of great importance for topological diagnosis. We also pointed out the similarities between the clinical picture of syringomyelia and that of the advanced stage of foramen magnum tumor. The syringomyelic syndrome, often seen in Arnold-Chiari malformation and basilar impression, has been attributed to the concurrent syrinx of cervical cord. But the clinical analysis of foramen magnum tumors showed that this is not always true and that compressive lesions at the foramen magnum alone can cause syringomyelic syndrome.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1983

Protein components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from non-smokers and smokers.

The protein components in concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) from 10 healthy smokers and 10 non-smokers were analysed, using a differential quantitative method to measure bronchial secretory IgA(sIgA). In 3 volunteers the effect of increasing the volume of lavage fluid was also examined, indicating an increased recovery of each protein component but no change in the ratio of the different proteins. Albumin (Alb), alpha 1-antitrypsin, IgG and sIgA were consistently found, and IgE, C3-activator and C4 were sometimes found in BALFs, whereas, characteristically, IgM could never be detected. IgG/Alb ratio was not different from the serum value, reflecting passive transudation of IgG from the serum. However, some bronchial IgG could also be produced locally, especially in smokers, because their bronchial IgG/Alb ratio was significantly higher than in non-smokers. For IgA/Alb ratio, BALFs values were much higher than in serum, implying that most of the bronchial IgA was synthesized locally. In smokers, the amount of bronchial IgA tended to be decreased, suggesting that cigarette smoking suppresses bronchial IgA production and, hence, disturbs the local immunity of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Glucocorticoid receptors in bronchoalveolar cells from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

In order to clarify the physiologic and clinical significances of glucocorticoid receptors in bronchoalveolar cells, we measured the glucocorticoid receptor content in bronchoalveolar cells obtained from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), normal volunteers, control patients with localized lung cancer, and a group of patients with pulmonary manifestations associated with collagen-vascular diseases, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis, and chronic bronchitis. The contents of glucocorticoid receptors in bronchoalveolar cells from patients with IPF (5,561 +/- 3,741 sites per cell) and various pulmonary diseases (4,452 +/- 2,097 sites per cell) were lower than those in bronchoalveolar cells from normal volunteers (9,970 +/- 4,050 sites per cell) and control patients (8,354 +/- 4,367 sites per cell). Patients with IPF, who had a lower glucocorticoid receptor content in bronchoalveolar cells did not respond to glucocorticoids. On the contrary, the patients with IPF who responded well to glucocorticoids had as much glucocorticoid receptor content in bronchoalveolar cells as normal volunteers had. These results suggested that the content of glucocorticoid receptors in bronchoalveolar cells varies during disorders of the lung, and may be a useful parameter for predicting whether glucocorticoid therapy will be effective in IPF.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Incidence of spinal column deformity after multilevel laminectomy in children and adults.

Fifty-eight patients, all less than 25 years of age, underwent multilevel laminectomy for conditions that in themselves do not usually cause spinal deformity. Spinal deformity developed in 46% (12 of 26) of the patients who were less than 15 years of age, but in only 6% (two of 32) of the patients aged 15 to 24 years. Spinal deformity developed in all (100%) patients who had cervical laminectomy, in 36% of those who had thoracic laminectomy, and in none (0%) of those who had lumbar laminectomy. There was no correlation between the occurrence of deformity and sex, number of laminae removed, neurological conditions after laminectomy, or length of time after surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Glucocorticoid receptors, in human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood cells.

The numbers of glucocorticoid receptors in human alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood cells were measured with 3H-prednisolone. Alveolar macrophages, which constituted 89.0 +/- 5.9% of broncho-alveolar cells, obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage from normal volunteers had much larger numbers of specific glucocorticoid receptors than peripheral blood cells. The numbers of glucocorticoid receptors in peripheral polymorphonuclear leucocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations (B cells, T cells, TG cells and TnonG cells) were nearly equal. In patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, in whom alveolar macrophages amounted to over 85% of the broncho-alveolar cells, the number of glucocorticoid receptors in alveolar macrophages was significantly decreased, but the numbers in their peripheral blood cells were normal. This finding suggests that the number of glucocorticoid receptors in alveolar macrophages may change specifically during disorders of the lung.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pathogenesis and prophylaxis of postlaminectomy deformity of the spine after multiple level laminectomy: difference between children and adults.

The pathogenesis of postlaminectomy spinal deformity and instability in children was evaluated by reviewing appropriate roentgenographic findings. First, we reviewed spine roentgenograms of patients below 40 years of age who underwent spinal fusion for deformity and instability of the spine developing after a multiple level laminectomy. Two types of deformity were recognized on the roentgenograms: increased mobility between the vertebral bodies and wedging deformity of the ventral aspect of the vertebral bodies. Second, we did a follow-up study of another group of patients who had undergone laminectomy. We found the same two types of deformity in children, but not in adult patients. The incidence of deformity was higher after laminectomies of the cervical or cervicothoracic region than after lumbar laminectomies. Our data suggest that postlaminectomy spinal deformity can develop in children without irradiation or facet injury. The deformity is due to a wedging change in the cartilaginous portion of the vertebral body and to the viscoelasticity of ligaments in children. When treatment of this complication becomes necessary, anterior fusion may be effective in arresting progression. Prophylactic measures against the development of deformity are discussed. Our hypothesis concerning the mechanism of development of this complication supports the rationale of osteoplastic laminar resection and reconstruction instead of laminectomy, particularly in the management of children.

Adolescent↗