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Biomedical subjects

S Yano

Publications and source records attributed to S Yano.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on colony-stimulating activity and myeloid colony formation.

The in vivo effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) was studies on the generation of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming units culture (CFU-c)] and on the levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the conditioned medium of the lung (LCM) and serum obtained from mice. In vitro bone marrow culture showed that intraperitoneal (ip) treatment of mice with N-CWS markedly enhanced CFU-c formation induced by stimuli in LCM or serum derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. The LCM and serum of mice injected with N-CWS ip were also prepared and assayed for CSA. CSA levels with N-CWS-LCM as well as LPS-LCM used as the standard CSA were markedly greater than those achieved with control LCM. N-CWS-serum also showed a low but significant level of CSA. The CSA level of N-CWS-LCM was maximal at 3 to 5 days after N-CWS injection. These results raise the possibility that enhanced CSA production might be a major mechanism for N-CWS stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage production.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Cloning of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA fragments in pBR32 and Charon3A.

Restriction fragments of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; B95-8) DNA were cloned in the Tc gene of pBR322 (HindIII-F, -G, -I, -J, -K, -L, and -M) and in Charon3A (EcoRI-GI and -G2). Altogether these cloned fragments covered 39% of the entire viral genome. The cloned EcoRI-G2 fragment of EBV (B95-8) DNA was shown to contain, in addition to HindIII-J, two more HindIII-fragments : HindIII-M, which had not been located on the linkage map of the viral genome (Given and Kieff, 1978) and HindIII-N, which had been unrecognized up to now. The utility of this cloning method is discussed in regard to the detailed mapping of a viral genome and large-scale production of the viral DNA.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1981

Effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated human minor calyx.

The effects of some autonomic drugs on the isolated human minor calyceal strips were investigated quantitatively. Norepinephrine, epinephrine and phenylephrine dose dependently increased the basal tone and the frequency of spontaneous contractions and decreased their amplitudes, which were depressed by phentolamine. Acetylcholine at high doses increased the basal tone and decreased the amplitude, which were depressed by atropine without changing the frequency. These findings indicate the existence of alpha-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in the human minor calyceal smooth muscles.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Actions of some autonomic drugs on isolated dog quiescent ureter.

Actions of some autonomic drugs on upper, middle and lower portion of isolated dog ureters under quiescent state were investigated quantitatively. Noradrenaline and adrenaline at lower concentrations evoked contractions in each portion of the ureters and increased the concentration-dependent frequency and tension of these contractions, but attenuated them at higher concentrations. Phentolamine significantly depressed these contractions, while propranolol enhanced them. Phenylephrine increased the concentration-dependent frequency and tension of contractions, which were suppressed by phentolamine. Acetylcholine at higher concentrations produced contractions of the ureters, and phentolamine or hexamethonium suppressed them. The results indicate that ureteral contractions may be stimulated through an activation of alpha-adrenoceptors and be attenuated through an activation of beta-adrenoceptors, and that acetylcholine may release noradrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings through an activation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors, resulting in ureteral contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Peripheral and central effects of atropine and chlorpromazine on gastric motility and ulceration in stressed rats.

In rats exposed to restraint and water immersion stress, inhibitory effects of atropine (ATR) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) on stress-induced gastric ulceration and motility were studied to clarify which of central and peripheral origins was responsible for these effects. The drug dose ratio of peripheral (intravenous, i.v.) route versus central (intracerebroventricular, i.c.v.) route required to produce an approx. 50% inhibition of gastric ulceration or motility was estimated. Gastric ulceration was prevented by pretreatment with each drug via either route, and there was no great difference in the dose ratio of each drug (i.v.:i.c.v. = 4:1) for the inhibition. The stress-enhanced gastric motility was immediately depressed by each drug via either route. This inhibitory effect of CPZ was short-lasting as compared with that of ATR, and the complete blockade was observed after administration of i.v. ATR or i.c.v. CPZ at higher doses. The ATR dose ratio for this inhibition was less than 10, while the CPZ dose ratio was from 10 to 25. The treatment with CPZ, but not with ATR, caused a definite change in EEG patterns, along with a decrease in body temperature or heart rate. The effect of pretreatment with ATR or CPZ on gastric motility during stress was also investigated. Only the administration of ATR, via either route, appreciably inhibited the gastric motility. Thus, it was suggested that: (1) the inhibitory effect of ATR on gastric motility may be of peripheral rather than central origin, while that of CPZ predominantly of central origin; (2) the anti-ulcerogenic effect of ATR and CPZ may be predominantly of peripheral origin, and the mechanisms involved in ATR may be associated with inhibition of gastric motility, which is different from those in CPZ.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effect of vasoactive drugs on gastric blood flow measured by a cross thermocouple method in rats.

To make a continuous recording of gastric blood flow (GBF) in rats, application of a cross thermocouple method was investigated together with related pharmacological studies. When secretagogues (tetragastrin, histamine and methacholine) were given intravenously in a dose sufficient to stimulate acid secretion, the increases in GBF observed were much the same as those seen when the aminopyrine clearance technique was used. When epinephrine and norepinephrine were administered via a close intraarterial route in the stomach, there was an initial decrease followed by an increase in the GBF. This biphasic response was antagonized by phentolamine, but not by propranolol, thereby suggesting that those agonists predominantly stimulate alpha-adrenoceptors. On the contrary, isoprenaline produced an increase in GBF which was attenuated by propranolol. Acetylcholine produced an increase in GBF, which was blocked by atropine. Histamine increased the GBF, and such was inhibited by diphenhydramine, but not by cimetidine, suggesting a stimulation of H-1 receptors by histamine. Serotonin, in a lower dose, and tetragastrin also elicited an increase in GBF. However, with a higher dose of serotonin, there was an increase followed by an apparent decrease in GBF. From these results, it was concluded that the cross thermocouple method is practical for a continuous recording the rat GBF in response to vasoactive drugs.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1981

Solid phase enzyme immunoassay of tobramycin.

We have developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using co-polymer of styrene and maleate as the solid phase and glutaraldehyde for binding of the antibody to the solid phase. This assay showed a striking efficacy in its use for the assay of tobramycin (TOB). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of TOB were studied in six healthy male volunteers after the administration of 60- or 90-mg doses intramuscularly.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Changes in vascular reactivity in rats with experimental renal insufficiency.

In ureter-ligated rats, the pressor effects of both norepinephrine and angiotensin II i.v. on systemic blood pressure and serum sodium concentration were significantly decreased when compared with those in control rats, while serum potassium concentration, blood urea nitrogen, mean systemic blood pressure and plasma renin activity were significantly increased. The microscopic examination of aortic smooth muscles did not show significant histological lesions in the tissues obtained from ureter-ligated rat. The responsiveness of aortic strips isolated from ureter-ligated rats to norepinephrine and angiotensin II was significantly decreased in comparison with that from control rats. The results suggest that a decreased pressor response to norepinephrine and angiotensin II under ureter-ligated conditions may be attributed to a decrease in vascular reactivity to drugs.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1981

Use of the spiral pin for fracture of the humeral neck.

Our new method of intramedullary fixation of humeral neck fracture is described. Spiral pin is made of stainless steel. The top is coiled, and the end is threaded. It is inserted from a small incision over the posterior surface of the supracondyle. It is passed across the fracture site into the head of the humerus, where it locks the head. The fracture surface is pressed together by tigtening nuts. The fracture fixation allows early movement of the shoulder joint. The method was used in eight patients. The average age was one-year-old.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Activation of autonomic nervous system during exposure of rats to restraint and water immersion stress. II. Comparison with restraint stress.

To determine whether initial sympatho-adrenal stimulation during stress was responsible for inducing a parasympathetic stimulation, the autonomic nervous activities were estimated in rats subjected to either restraint stress or restraint and water immersion stress. The parasympathetic and sympatho-adrenal activities were estimated functionally by measuring responses of gastric motility and heart rate, and also chemically by measuring catecholamine content in urine and tissues such as the heart and adrenals. Restraint and water immersion produced a definite parasympathetic predominance in contrast to the case of restraint alone. But both kinds of stress developed an increase in the sympatho-adrenal activity, and the extent of their increase was almost the same when evaluated on the basis of urinary catecholamine content. These findings indicate that initial sympatho-adrenal stimulation is not directly associated with parasympathetic stimulation. A marked fall in body temperature during stress was assumed to participate somewhere in the induction of parasympathetic stimulation.

Adrenal Glands↗