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Biomedical subjects

S Yano

Publications and source records attributed to S Yano.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

In vitro parathyroid hormone release in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the precise endocrine characteristics of parathyroid function in secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT). METHODS: We examined the effects of extracellular ionized calcium (Ca2+) varying from 0.5 to 2.0 mM on parathyroid hormone (PTH) release in parathyroid cell suspensions using a mid-regional PTH assay. Cells were obtained from 26 patients with sHPT who were divided into two groups according to the type of hyperplasia they exhibited, either nodular (n = 16) or diffuse (n = 10). For comparison, we also analyzed data from nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT; adenomas). RESULTS: Significant in vitro suppression of PTH release by Ca2+ was observed in the majority of subjects, regardless of the histologic abnormality. The pHPT group exhibited no significant relationship between clinical and in vitro data. In contrast, in the sHPT group (taken as a whole), suppression of PTH release by Ca2+ exhibited a plateau at a total serum calcium concentration of 2.5 mmol/L, and a parathyroid gland weight of 2 g. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there is a curvilinear relationship in sHPT, but not pHPT, between the in vitro calcium sensitivity of parathyroid cells and total serum calcium, as well as gland weight. The in vitro calcium sensitivity in sHPT remains constant when the total serum calcium concentration exceeds 2.5 mmol/L, or when the gland weight exceeds 2 g.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

How epicardial U-wave changes are reflected in body surface precordial electrocardiograms in anterior or inferoposterior myocardial ischaemia during coronary angioplasty.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the epicardial U-wave changes recorded in intracoronary electrocardiograms (ECGs) during anterior or inferoposterior myocardial ischaemia and the corresponding changes in precordial ECGs recorded from the body surface in humans. METHODS: 40 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (22 patients) or left circumflex (LC) artery (18 patients). Intracoronary and surface precordial ECGs were simultaneously recorded under baseline conditions and during angioplasty. RESULTS: Four different patterns of U-wave change were identified on the intracoronary ECG: change to positivity, no change, change to negativity, and biphasic change. The incidence of each pattern was similar in the two groups (LAD v LC groups, 23% v 39%; 23% v 17%; 41% v 44%; 13% v 0%, respectively). The intracoronary ECG was more sensitive than the surface ECG for detecting U-wave changes (intracoronary v surface ECG: LAD group, 77% v 55%; LC group, 83% v 28%). A study of the correlation between intracoronary and surface precordial ECGs showed that in patients who had U-wave changes in their intracoronary ECG (17 LAD and 15 LC patients) 65% of the LAD group but only 6% of the LC group had primary U-wave changes in the surface precordial ECG, and that 27% of the LC patients had reciprocal U-wave changes in the right to central precordial ECG. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide fundamental information for an understanding of the correlation between U-wave changes in the epicardial and surface pre-cordial ECGs during myocardial ischaemia in humans. As well as the primary U-wave changes seen in many of those with anterior myocardial ischaemia, some of those with posterior myocardial ischaemia had reciprocal U-wave changes in their surface precordial ECGs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of blood coagulation-fibrinolysis system in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis.

We determined plasma levels of thrombomodulin, thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), protein C, protein S, and plasmin-alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) before and after hemodialysis in 54 patients receiving chronic hemodialysis, to evaluate the blood-coagulation system and to evaluate the antithrombogenicity of various dialyzer membranes. Predialysis levels of thrombomodulin and TAT were both significantly increased compared with normal control values, but levels of protein C, protein S, and PIC were not changed. In patients dialyzed with ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL) and polysulfone membranes, postdialysis levels of thrombomodulin, TAT, protein C, protein S, and PIC were not significantly different from the predialysis levels. However, in patients dialyzed with regenerated cellulose and polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) membranes, postdialysis levels of thrombomodulin, TAT, and PIC were significantly higher than predialysis levels. We conclude that patients on maintenance hemodialysis were considered to be in a state of hypercoagulability before hemodialysis, and a single hemodialysis session using regenerated cellulose and PMMA membrane may have caused injury to vascular endothelial cells, hypercoagulability, and enhancement of fibrinolytic activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in pleural effusion due to inflammatory and malignant lung disease.

Interleukin (IL)-1 is a key cytokine in inflammatory reactions. To clarify the mechanism of inflammation in the pleural cavity, we investigated the contribution of IL-1 and its antagonism to inflammatory processes in the pleural cavity. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) levels as well as IL-1 beta and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay in pleural effusions from 70 patients. Pleural macrophages were also examined as possible sources of these cytokines in 10 patients. IL-1Ra was detectable in 28 patients (40%) out of 70 patients with pleural effusions. Patients with tuberculosis had significantly higher IL-1Ra as well as IFN-gamma levels in pleural effusion than patients with lung cancer. Transudative pleural effusions had low or undetectable IL-IRa levels. On the other hand, IL-1 beta levels were low, except in cases of parapneumonic pleural effusion. Spontaneous production of IL-1Ra pleural macrophages was observed in six patients, and IL-4 significantly augmented its production. Although spontaneous production of IL-1 beta was observed in only two patients, pleural macrophages produced significant amounts of IL-1 beta in response to lipopolysaccharide in all 10 patients examined. These results suggest that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist regulates various reactions by interleukin-1 in pleural effusion, and that pleural macrophages may act in situ as a source of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Vasospastic angina after chemotherapy by with carboplatin and etoposide in a patient with lung cancer.

We report here a case of vasospastic angina following the administration of Carboplatin (CBDCA) and Etoposide (VP-16) in a patient with small cell lung carcinoma. Although these drugs are commonly used to treat small cell lung carcinoma, there has been no previous report of vasospastic angina in a patient without a history of heart disease. Therefore, we should be aware of the possibility that vasospastic angina may develop even in a patient without any history of heart disease. While calcium antagonist and isosorbide dinitrate are generally helpful for preventing vasospastic angina, these drugs could not completely suppress vasospastic angina in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Antitumor effect of CGP41251, a new selective protein kinase C inhibitor, on human non-small cell lung cancer cells.

The antitumor effect of CGP41251 (4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine), a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, was examined on two kinds of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (adenocarcinoma: A549 and squamous cell carcinoma: NCI-H520). CGP41251 at 0.5 or 1.0 microM inhibited the proliferation of these tumor cell lines significantly; However, at 0.1 microM, it did not show any significant inhibition. Cell cycle analysis indicated that CGP41251 at 0.5 or 1.0 microM arrested the cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase up to 24 hr, but 0.1 microM did not. It seems that the antiproliferative action of CGP41251 against human NSCLC is related to G2/M accumulation. In NCI-H520, CGP41251 caused DNA re-replication without mitosis. In a nude mice xenograft, CGP41251 at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed antitumor activity against these cell lines. Histopathologically, expansion of central necrosis was observed, although no destruction of tumor nests was seen by CGP41251 administration. In both tumor tissues, the PKC activity of the particulate fraction was significantly decreased by CGP41251 treatment. From these results, it is thought that the antitumor activity of CGP41251 against human NSCLS is accompanied by the decrease of PKC activity in the particulate fraction. Moreover, the G2/M arrest of the cell cycle induced by CGP41251 might be important for the growth inhibitory action of this compound.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Isolation from alpha-zein of thermolysin peptides with angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity.

Urea-denatured alpha-zein was almost completely hydrolyzed into small peptides by digestion with 1/100 (w/w) of thermolysin at 37 degrees C for 3h. The angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (IC50) of the thermolysin digest of total alpha-zein was 24.5 micrograms/ml, and most of the peptide fractions from Z19 alpha-zein and total alpha-zein separated by reverse-phase HPLC had more or less ACE inhibitory activity. From these fractions, thirty-six peptides, including 5 dipeptides, 14 tripeptides, 9 tetrapeptides, 5 pentapeptides, and 3 hexapeptides, were purified and their amino acid sequences were determined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

A clinicopathological study of distal advanced gastric carcinoma with duodenal invasion.

We studied retrospectively the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer with duodenal invasion and compared these with those with non-invasion, to investigate the prognostic significance of duodenal invasion. The patients were grouped into two groups of Group A (65 patients) with duodenal invasion and Group B (197 patients) without invasion who underwent gastrectomy for advanced distal gastric carcinoma according to histological findings. In Group A, many were at high age and with symptoms of pyloric stenosis. Group A (91%) had a significantly higher incidence of serosal invasion and infiltration into the pancreas head than did Group B (76%) (p < 0.01). In N3 metastasis, there was a significant difference between Group A (60%) and Group B (36%) (p < 0.01). The five-year-survival rate in Group A was 14.0% and in Group B was 43.3% (p < 0.001). In cases of duodenal invasion, patients with symptoms of pyloric stenosis demonstrated a poorer prognosis than those without. Those with longer than 20 mm invasion had a significantly higher incidence of N3 metastasis than those with less than 10 mm (p < 0.05). Lymphangitic type had longer invasive length to duodenum, and N3 metastasis of the lymphangitic type was frequent comparing to localized type (42%) and invasive type (47%) (p < 0.001) (95%) (p < 0.01). These results showed that duodenal invasion was a significant prognostic factor in cases of distal gastric carcinoma. In the therapeutic strategy for advanced gastric carcinoma with duodenal invasion, it is necessary to perform gastrectomy with regional lymph nodes dissection and with combined resection of adjacent organs.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Remnant-stump gastric cancer following partial gastrectomy-clinicopathological studies.

Forty-five cases of remnant-stump (R-S) gastric cancer were investigated retrospectively, comparing those which were initially benign (Group 1: 31 cases) with those which were initially malignant (Group 2: 14 cases). The incidence of R-S gastric cancer over all gastrectomy cases from 1967 to 1994 was 1.4% (45/3,282). The mean period until development of the R-S gastric cancer following partial gastrectomy was 21.6 years in Group 1 and was 15.8 years in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Of those R-S cases that underwent resection, total gastrectomy was selected for 82% in Group 1 and for 85% in Group 2. The incidence of negative lymph nodes was only 25% in Group 1 and 62% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The pathological stage I was 21% in Group 1 and 54% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The 5-year-survival rate was 32% in Group 1 and was 62% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). To improve the prognosis for R-S gastric cancer, periodic endoscopic follow-up examinations to find any R-S cancer at the earliest stage is most important, especially in cases of a partial gastrectomy for an initially benign case.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach-clinicopathological studies.

The clinical and morphological features of 58 cases of the rare mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach (MUC) were investigated and compared to those of other pathological types. The incidence of MUC was only 2.9% of all cases of resected gastric cancer. Among the 58 cases of MUC, the incidence of early cases was only 19% (Group 1), while among other pathological types of cancer, it was 42% (Group 2) (p < 0.001). The incidence of early mucosal cancer was 0% in Group 1, and 54% in Group 2 of the resected early gastric cancer. The incidence of lymph node metastasis rate was 81% in Group 1, and was 46% in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The presence of peritoneal dissemination was 21% in Group 1, and was 8% in Group 2 (p < 0.001). The incidence of liver metastasis pre- and intraoperatively was 0% in Group 1, and was 3.5% in Group 2. The overall 5-year-survival rate was 45% in Group 1, and was 61% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). In stage III, the 5-year-survival rate was 30% in Group 1, and was 49% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). There was no statistical prognostic difference between the two groups in stage I, II and stage IV. Therefore, to improve the outcome for MUC, more effective radical gastrectomy and aggressive immunochemotherapy should be selected especially for stage III mucinous adenocarcinoma of the stomach.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1996

[Projection of epicardial U-wave change to surface precordial electrocardiogram in coronary artery disease].

U-wave changes on the intracoronary electrocardiogram (ECG) during anterior or inferoposterior myocardial ischemia were correlated with the U-wave changes in the precordial leads of the body surface ECG in 28 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty of the left anterior descending (LAD group; 17 patients) or left circumflex (LC group; 11 patients) coronary artery. The intracoronary ECG was recorded simultaneously with the body surface multiple precordial leads at the baseline and during angioplasty. The amplitude of the U-wave on the intracoronary ECG was measured quantitatively, and U-wave changes from baseline to angioplasty were assessed qualitatively on the body surface ECG. Three different patterns of U-wave changes were distinguishable on the intracoronary ECG from baseline to angioplasty: change to positivity; no change; and change to negativity. The incidence of each pattern was similar in the LAD and LC groups (35 vs 36%; 30 vs 18%; 35 vs 46%, respectively). The intracoronary ECG was more sensitive for detecting U-wave changes during angioplasty than body surface precordial ECG (LAD group 71 vs 47%; LC group 82 vs 27%). When compared to the intracoronary ECG, concordant U-wave changes occurred in the surface precordial ECG in 67% (8/12) of the LAD group with accompanying epicardial U-wave changes, and discordant changes in 33% (3/9) of the LC group with epicardial U-wave changes. The present study provides fundamental information for understanding the correlation of U-wave changes between epicardial and surface precordial ECGs during myocardial ischemia in humans. As well as primary U-wave changes in anterior myocardial ischemia, reciprocal U-wave changes may also be prominent in the surface precordial ECGs in some cases of posterior myocardial ischemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Studies on the effect of the new non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride in an endometriosis model in rats.

The therapeutic effect of the new nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride (4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-imidazo[1,5a]pyridin-5-yl)benzonitrile monohydrochloride, fadrozole, CAS 102676-31-3, CGS16949A) was assessed using a surgically induced endometriosis model in rats. In nontreated rats, the endometrial transplants on the abdominal wall developed large cysts with fluid. In the fadrozole treated group, the cystic volume of the transplants decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The weights of the hemi-uteri were markedly reduced by fadrozole treatment. Fadrozole produced a dose-dependent increase in percentage of vaginal diestrous days. In ovariectomized group, the growth of the transplants was also suppressed, and the weights of the hemi-uteri decreased markedly. Histologically, the signs of growth suppression and/or atrophic changes such as minimization of luminal size, cuboidal piknotic epithelium and/or contraction of stroma were observed in ovariectomized or fadrozole treated groups. The right uterine horns also showed marked atrophic changes as with the transplants. The present study strongly indicates that the new selective aromatase inhibitor fadrozole should be useful for the treatment of endometriosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of the new selective protein kinase C inhibitor 4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine on cell cycle distribution and growth inhibition in human small cell lung cancer cells.

CGP 41251 (4'-N-benzoyl staurosporine, CAS 120685-11-2) exerts increased selectivity for Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C inhibition. In this study, the effects of CGP 41251 on cell cycle distribution and growth inhibition were examined in SBC3 human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line. CGP 41251 caused the inhibition of cell proliferation and at 1.0 mumol/l showed almost complete effect. In early S phase synchronized SBC3 cells, CGP 41251 at 1.0 mumol/l did not inhibit an initial progression from early S to G2 phase, but it blocked a process from G2/M to G1 phase completely. After removal of nocodazole block, CGP 41251 at 1.0 mumol/l caused DNA re-replication and induction of polyploidy. In nude mice xenograft, CGP 41251 at a dose of 200 mg/kg showed statistically significant inhibition against this tumor with a T/C value of 21.4%. Histopathologically, expansion of central necrosis was observed by the administration of CGP 41251. These results in SBC3 cells indicated that CGP 41251 showed antitumor activity through the inhibition of cell cycle progression from G2/M to G1 phase, and through induction of cells with higher DNA content.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of YM337, the Fab fragment of a humanized anti-GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody in monkeys.

The antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects of the Fab fragment of the humanized antiplatelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody C4G1 (YM337) were investigated in monkeys. First, the relationship between the inhibition of platelet aggregation and the prolongation of bleeding time was studied in rhesus monkeys. YM337 dose-dependently inhibited ex vivo platelet aggregation, with complete inhibition at doses higher than 0.25 mg/kg intravenous injection or 1.5 micrograms/kg/min infusion. At 0.25 mg/kg bolus injection followed by 1.5 micrograms/kg/min infusion, YM337 immediately and continuously inhibited platelet aggregation during the 6-h infusion period with platelet aggregation rapidly returning to over 50% of baseline within 1 h after the cessation of infusion. Template-bleeding time was significantly prolonged during the period of complete inhibition of platelet aggregation. Second, the antithrombotic effects of YM337 were investigated in a photochemically-induced thrombosis model in squirrel monkeys. YM337 at a dose of 1 mg/kg intravenous injection followed by 6 micrograms/kg/min infusion for 60 min prevented occlusive thrombus formation in all 4 monkeys. In contrast, time to occlusive thrombus formation did not change on intravenous bolus injection of aspirin 17 mg/kg (11.3 +/- 5.2 min) or sodium ozagrel (9.4 +/- 3.0 min) compared with saline (13.3 +/- 4.0 min). YM337 but not aspirin or sodium ozagrel significantly inhibited ex vivo ADP-induced platelet aggregation, while all drugs completely inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation. However, while aspirin and sodium ozagrel inhibited the thromboxane B2 generation accompanying arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, YM337 had no effect on this variable. Platelet counts and bleeding time showed no significant change in any group in this squirrel monkey model. These results indicate that YM337, with a short half-life, may be a useful therapeutic agent in patients with thrombotic disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Serotonin metabolism in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

To determine the pathogenic role of serotonin (5-HT), we investigated 5-HT metabolism in undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Mean value of platelet 5-HT in patients undergoing HD was significantly lower than that of normal controls (0.22 + or - 0.16 pmol/10(5) platelets versus 0.35 + or - 0.13 pmol/10(5) platelets, p <0.02). While platelet uptake of 5-HT in normal controls reached a plateau in each experiment after incubation with authentic 5-HT for 60 min, platelet uptake of 5-HT in patients undergoing HD reached various levels. We found significantly lower platelet 5-HT levels in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) after HD compared with those in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (p <0.05). The pathogenic role of serotonergic amplifying mechanism especially in patients with DM should be investigated. Second, we investigated plasma 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-DTXB2) levels in patients undergoing HD. Mean level of plasma 11-DTXB2 concentration in patients after HD was significantly higher than in patients before HD (32.8 + or - 17.0 pg/ml versus 23.7 + or - 7.2 pg/ml, p <0.02). Increased plasma levels of 11-DTXB2 after HD were regarded as an indication of hypercoagulation. Our results provide evidence that several factors such as hypercoagulation, heparin, 5-HT uptake of platelet, or causal diseases of renal failure could be responsible for the lower platelet 5-HT levels in patients undergoing HD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A simple method for opening an obstructed peritoneal catheter using an infusion accelerator.

Catheter obstruction by a fibrin clot is one of the early complications after catheter implantation in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. manual compression of the dialysis solution container is usually the initial method used in an attempt to dislodge clots formed in the catheter. However, it is usually difficult to achieve and maintain sufficient pressure to open the obstructed catheter by this method. Alternatively, forceful irrigation using a syringe with heparin or urokinase, or clot removal using a corkscrew clot remover can be tried. These conventional maneuvers may potentiate the chances for bacterial contamination. In addition, these procedures require hospital visits by the patient. To solve this problem, we developed a new infusion accelerator for CAPD. Recanalization was attempted using the infusion accelerator in six cases of complete catheter obstruction. The bag was pressurized to 450 mm Hg. In all six cases, catheter patency was completely recovered without any complications. After appropriate training of patients, this method may be performed by patients themselves. Given the ease and efficiency of this procedure utilizing the improved equipment, we think that in cases with complete catheter obstruction this method should be considered before initiating more invasive procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A case report of pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma in a patient receiving chronic hemodialysis.

Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas are rare, accounting for about 9 to 10% of cystic pancreatic lesions. A 63-year-old man, who had been receiving chronic hemodialysis due to diabetic chronic renal failure, was admitted after the discovery of cystic masses in the pancreatic tail. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed multiloculated cystic tumors. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) demonstrated findings consistent with malignant tumors. Preoperatively, he was thought to have a cystadenocarcinoma in the pancreatic tail for which he underwent a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy. Histologic analysis of the resected mass established the diagnosis mucinous cystadenoma. To our knowledge, pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma occurring in a patient receiving chronic hemodialysis has not been previously reported. Therefore, we present a novel case in this report.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗