Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Yano

Publications and source records attributed to S Yano.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Inhibitory effect of mitragynine, an alkaloid with analgesic effect from Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa, on electrically stimulated contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum through the opioid receptor.

Effect of mitragynine, an indole alkaloid isolated from Thai medicinal plant kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), on electrically stimulated contraction was studied in the guinea-pig ileum. Mitragynine (1 nM-3 microM) inhibited the ileum contraction elicited by electrical stimulation, and its pD2 value was 6.91 +/- 0.04 (n = 5). Morphine (1 nM-1 microM) also inhibited the electrically stimulated contraction in a concentration-dependent manner (pD2 7.68 +/- 0.11; n = 5). Mitragynine was 10 fold less potent than morphine. Mitragynine (3-10 microM) did not show any effect on the smooth muscle contraction induced by acetylcholine or histamine. Naloxone (10-300 nM) reversed the inhibitory effect of mitragynine on electrically stimulated contraction. Furthermore, naloxone showed a shift of concentration-response curve of mitragynine to the right. There was no significant difference in the affinity of naloxone (i.e. pA2) in the presence of mitragynine or morphine. Mitragynine (3-10 microM) inhibited the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal contraction following a brief (5 min) exposure of the ileum to morphine. Tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and atropine (1 microM) inhibited the withdrawal contraction. The present results suggest that mitragynine inhibits the electrically stimulated contraction of guinea-pig ileum through the opioid receptor.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1997

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced IgG-IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) complex may be the main causal factor for cold-dependent activation of complement in patients with rheumatic disease.

A low serum complement level is commonly found in patients with rheumatic diseases. We evaluated 170 patients with such diseases to determine their serum levels of CH50, C3 and C4 protein. Persistent hypocomplementaemia was found in 19 of those patients, particularly in those with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cold-dependent activation of complement (CDAC) was demonstrated in nine of the 19 (47.4%), and six of the nine patients demonstrated infection with HCV (66.7%). The nine patients that exhibited CDAC had nearly normal haemolytic complement activity when the sera were separated either at 37 degrees C or in EDTA-treated plasma. Conversely, it markedly decreased, even to the point of being immeasurable, when the sera were separated at 4-21 degrees C. No significant deficiency in C3 and C4 protein levels was found in these patients. Clinical parameters other than levels of anti-HCV antibody, transaminase, and RF were not influenced by CDAC. In an attempt to isolate the causal factor for CDAC, we isolated IgG fractions from the CDAC patients by using a protein G column, in which case precipitates were collected from the eluates. The precipitates were mixed with normal serum and incubated at 4-21 degrees C for 18 h. A decrease in the level of CH50 in normal serum was observed, which predominated (P < 0.001) when precipitates from HCV-infected patients were used. This indicated CDAC was possibly interrelated to the precipitates of such patients. This precipitate was proved to contain IgM besides IgG. It is therefore possible that an HCV-related IgG complex or an IgG-IgM RF complex may be formed at low temperature and be involved in activating the complement system in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Antinociceptive components of Ganoderma lucidum.

The antinociceptive effects 134 extracts prepared from 45 species of mushrooms were examined by the acetic acid-induced writhing method. From the CH2Cl2 extract of Ganoderma lucidum among the active extracts, ganoderic acids A, B, G and H and compound C6 were isolated as the antinociceptive components.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed1997

[Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 outbreak in Obihiro-city--biological and molecular characteristics among O157 isolates].

The outbreak of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 infection in Obihiro City, Japan, occurred in late October 1996. The infection affected a total of 169 kindergarten pupils and school staff members in a private kindergarten. Twenty-one children (12.4%) progressed into hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Moreover, the person-to-person infections in 9 families and the duration of excretion of EHEC in 13 patients were observed. The contaminated food was identified as the potato-salad served at lunch. Analysis of biological characteristics, the ability of toxin production, and the DNA analysis by PCR-based fingerprinting, the RAPD tests, among all clinical isolates, clarified a homologous origin of contamination.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Incidence of Kanagawa phenomenon-positive and -negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from traveller's diarrhea and their relation to tdh and trh genes].

A total of 1,319 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from traveller's diarrhea were analysed for Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) with the Wagatsuma blood agar test and the results were also compared with those of analyses of tdh and trh genes which encode thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and TDH-related hemolysin (trh). The majority of the strains (1,152 strains) counting 87.3% had positive KP, among which 1,049 and 103 strains were only tdh and both tdh and trh-positive ones, respectively. However, 167 strains counting 12.7%, which is quite high compared to the previous report, were found to have negative KP, among which 94 and 24 strains were only trh and both tdh and trh-positive ones, respectively.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1997

Active inhibitory effect of nafamostat mesylate against the elevation of plasma myeloperoxidase during hemodialysis.

Plasma levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were compared between hemodialysis (HD) sessions using heparin and those using nafamostat mesylate (NM) as an anticoagulant by an enzyme immunoassay established in our laboratory. MPO levels were markedly elevated during the entire HD procedure with heparin. In contrast, MPO levels were scarcely elevated during the HD with NM. On the other hand, polymorphonuclear leukocyte-elastase was markedly elevated during both of these HD procedures. These observations indicated that NM selectively attenuated MPO elevation in vivo during HD. This inhibitory effect of NM was further investigated ex vivo. Blood samples from a normal subject were collected with heparin alone, NM alone and a mixture of heparin and NM. Each sample was then circulated in a closed circuit composed of a dialyzer with a cuprophane membrane. MPO levels with heparin alone were shown to markedly rise in the closed system. In contrast, levels of MPO in the blood samples mixed with NM were not elevated even in the presence of heparin. These ex vivo results indicate that NM has an active inhibitory effect on the elevation of plasma MPO induced by granulocyte activation through a dialysis membrane. Our results demonstrate that clinical use of NM as an anticoagulant serves to selectively suppress MPO elevation considered as a consequence of granulocyte activation during HD.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia with Bowen's disease.

A 39-year-old man with Bowen's disease was troubled with multiple molluscum contagiosum over the trunk and lower extremities. Subsequently oral candidiasis was complicated. Laboratory examination revealed lymphocytopenia and a decrease in the CD4/CD8 ratio. His CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was only 187 cells/microl one time and 222 cells/microl another time. No evidence for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was found. He had no family history of immunodeficiencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Early gastric cancer and lymph node metastasis.

A total of 1,845 cases of gastric cancer have been resected in our hospital during the past 18 years. Of these, 764 cases (41.5%) were early gastric cancer. The rate of lymph node metastasis was 2% in early mucosal cancer and 19.4% in early submucosal cancer (p < 0.001). In the cases of early mucosal cancer, the rate of lymph node metastasis was 0.9% for the elevated type and 2.4% for the depressed type. In the cases of early submucosal cancer, the rate of lymph node metastasis was 25.3% for the elevated type and 17.3% for the depressed type. In the mucosal cancers the rate of lymph node metastasis was high in the 0-IIc and IIc + III macroscopic type, and in the poorly differentiated microscopic type. In the submucosal cancers the rate of lymph node metastasis was 40% in mucinous adenocarcinoma and 33% in papillary adenocarcinoma. There was no lymph node metastasis in any case of early gastric cancer smaller than 1 cm surface diameter.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gastric cancer during pregnancy.

During the 27 years between 1966 to 1993, a total of 3,256 patients with gastric cancer were admitted to our institute. Among these patients, 3 (0.1%) cases of gastric cancer were associated with pregnancy. One cancer stage IVb patient died of peritoneal metastasis without any operation. Another stage IVb patient died of peritoneal metastasis 12 months after palliative gastrectomy. And the other stage IIIb patient is well, and the 8 years old child is also well, after synchronous extended total gastrectomy with cesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Gastric cancer surgery in the octogenarian.

Seventy-seven octogenarian patients with gastric cancer (Group 1) were retrospectively investigated and compared with patients of age from 75 to 79 years (Group 2). The incidence rates for renal impairment, hepatic impairment, and hypoproteinemia, as preoperative complications, were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (each p < 0.05). The resectability rate was 83% in Group 1 and 89% in Group 2. D1 lymphadenectomy was performed for 45% of Group 1 and for 18% of Group 2 (p < 0.001). On the other hand, D2 lymphadenectomy was performed for 39% of Group 1 and for 71% of Group 2 (p < 0.001). A postoperative complication occurred in 25% of Group 1 and in 9% of Group 2 (p < 0.01). However, the postoperative mortality rate was zero in both groups. The t1 (early cancer) rate was 27% in Group 1 and 41% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). On the other hand, t2 was 31% in Group 1 and 19% in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The overall 5-year-survival rate was 38% in Group 1 and 48% in Group 2. When causes of mortality other than gastric cancer were excluded, the 5-year-survival-rate was 51% in Group 1 and 67% in Group 2 (p < 0.01).

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Studies on bacillary dysentery cases of overseas travellers--during 1979 to 1995].

A total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at Osaka and Kansai Airport Quarantine Station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. Stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. Various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. Isolated species were as follows: Plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); Salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic Escherichia coli (1,621 cases); Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1,959 cases); and Shigella spp. (1,242 cases). 1,278 different Shigella strains were isolated from 1,242 cases who were thus diagnosed as bacillary dysentery patients. The suspected regions or countries for infection of these cases were analysed. The serovars and antibiotic-sensitivities of the isolated strains were examined. Colicine typing of S. sonnei strains were also done. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) The most cases (53.4%) were infected in India. 2) The percentage distribution of sub-species of the strains was as follows; S. sonnei (57.8%), S flexneri (29.8%), S. boydii (8.4%), and S. dysenteriae (4.0%), respectively. 3) The major colicine type of S. sonnei strains were type 6 and 0. 4) The percentage of Antibiotic-resistant strains of each sub-species was S. dysenteriae (92.2%), S. sonnei (89.4%), S. flexneri (87.1%), and S. boydii (84.9%), respectively. The percentage of Antibiotic-resistant strains of S. flexneri were increased annually.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Rapid onset of hemolytic anemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated ABO major mismatched donor].

A 46-year-old woman with chronic myelogenous leukemia received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an unrelated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched (but mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) positive to graft-versus host disease (GvHD) donor. The blood type of the recipient was A type Rh (+) while the donor blood type was B type Rh (+). The patient received busulfan 8 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg, and total-body irradiation 10 Gy before bone marrow transplantation. Short-term administration of methotrexate and cyclosporin was given for prophylaxis of GvHD. The mononuclear cells harvested from the donor were concentrated by COBE Spectra before bone marrow transplantation. Although engraftment of transplanted bone marrow in the recipient was confirmed on day 11, the patient suffered from severe anemia on day 10. Since the direct Coombs' test to A type red blood cells was positive, and anti-A antibody titer increased 16-fold, we diagnosed her anemia as hemolytic anemia caused by ABO mismatched transplantation. In addition to hemolytic anemia, she had skin symptoms of acute GvHD grade II, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and died of multiple organ failure on day 44. This experience indicated that some allogeneic transplant recipients are at risk of severe hemolytic anemia in the early stage after unrelated ABO mismatched donor and that it is necessary to establish proper treatment and prophylaxis.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1997

[Novel metastasis model of human lung cancer cells representing different histological types in SCID mice depleted of NK cells].

Metastasis is the major obstacle in cancer therapy. Lung cancer is divided into 4 histological groups, such as small cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma, representing different clinical behaviors. Novel metastasis models of human lung cancer cells to the liver, kidneys and lymph nodes were established in SCID mice depleted of NK cells. In the model under study, small-cell carcinoma cells mainly formed lymph-node metastases, while squamous cell carcinoma cells mainly metastasized to the liver and kidneys. Moreover, adenocarcinoma cells formed lung metastases and malignant pleural effusion. These findings suggest that our model reflects clinical behavior of metastatic lung cancer and is useful for evaluation of antimetastatic modalities.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Overcoming of multidrug resistance by anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody].

P-glycoprotein is one of the key molecules in multidrug resistance. Monoclonal antibodies against P-glycoprotein could be useful tools for killing MDR tumor cells. To overcome multidrug resistance, many anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies have been made such as MRK16 and MRK17. Conjugated moAb, such as bispecific antibody, immunotoxin and radioisotope conjugates have also been constructed to enhance the anti-tumor activity of moAb. Cytokine-gene transduction for accumulation and activation of monocytes may be hopeful to augment the therapeutic efficiency of anti-P-glycoprotein antibody. For clinical use, construction of human moAb, overcoming tumor heterogeneity, and protection of normal tissue by specifically targeting the tumor cells should be essential.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗