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Biomedical subjects

S Yamaguchi

Publications and source records attributed to S Yamaguchi.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Mutation analysis of very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency: identification and characterization of mutant VLCAD cDNAs from four patients.

Very-long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is a newly identified disease. A 105-bp deletion in the VLCAD cDNA in two patients has been reported, and detailed molecular characterization of this disease has remained to be done. We report here five mutations identified in four patients: a 135-bp deletion encompassing bases 343-477, a C-1837-to-T transition (R613W), 3-bp deletions at the nucleotide positions 388-390 (E130del) and 895-897 (K299del), and an A-1144-to-C transversion (K382Q). Sequencing of genomic DNA amplified by PCR revealed a 135-bp deletion caused by exon skipping due to a 1-bp deletion in a 3' splice site of an intron. In cDNA expression experiments using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, we found that each of the mRNAs derived from E130del and K299del clones were unstable and that translation products from R613W, E130del, K299del, and K382Q clones were labile. Each of R613W, E130del, K299del, and K382Q proteins expressed in CHO cells appeared abnormal in dimer assembly, as shown in gel-filtration analysis. VLCAD activity was not detected in mutants' transfectants. Thus, we verified that all five mutations identified in these four patients were disease-causing alterations.

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase, Long-Chain↗
PubMed1996

[Prognostic factors of colorectal cancer concerning metastases].

Four prognostics factors were investigated for colorectal cancer metastases. 1) There were statistically more venous invasions using Victoria blue elastic staining in patients with liver or lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis. 2) The immunohistochemical expression rate of c-erbB-2 in liver metastasis cases was 27%, which was significantly higher than 3% in no metastasis cases. 3) Sialyl Lewis x (SLex) is related with cell adhesion. SLex positive rates in vessel invasion cancer cells were 71.4% with metastasis and 31.0% without metastasis. 4) Matrilysin is one of MMPs and it was significantly increased with Dukes stage by fluorescence intensity.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Use of a laryngeal mask airway for anesthesia in a patient with bronchomalacia].

A 56-year-old woman with bronchomalacia underwent three consecutive operations for bronchoscopy, cautery YAG-laser, and the insertion of a stent under general anesthesia using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA). For the first operation, anesthesia was induced with ketamine 20 mg, diazepam 5 mg and pentazocine 20 mg. The patient was ventilated with N2O-O2-sevoflurane with a face mask. Then vecuronium 6 mg was administered intravenously and LMA was inserted blindly. Anesthesia was maintained with N2O-O2-sevoflurane during bronchoscopy. Immediately after the operation, the patient coughed and experienced dyspnea. The symptoms were alleviated using theophyllin, hydrocortisone and droperidol. For the second and third operations, anesthesia was induced with droperidol and fentanyl with N2O-O2. After administration of vecuronium, LMA was inserted. The patient was stable during the second and third operations compared with the first operation. It was concluded that LMA may be useful for anesthetic management of a patient with bronchomalacia.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

Increasing coronary perfusion pressure on diastolic and systolic performance is less pronounced in right ventricle than in left ventricle.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known as to whether an increase in coronary perfusion pressure can alter the right ventricular (RV) distensibility and the contractile function as it does in the case of the LV. METHODS: In eight isolated isovolumically contracting canine hearts, RV and LV volumes and coronary perfusion were independently controlled. Effects of an increase in coronary perfusion pressure (from 73 +/- 1 to 152 +/- 6 mmHg) on the end-diastolic and end-systolic pressure-volume relations in both RV and LV were assessed. RESULTS: Following an increase in coronary perfusion, and at a similar volume of the ventricles, end-diastolic pressure was elevated by 2.8 +/- 0.8 mmHg in RV and 8.9 +/- 2.0 mmHg in LV (P < 0.01; RV vs LV), and the slope of RV end-systolic pressure-volume relation, Ees, increased by 11 +/- 6% (P < 0.05) and that of the LV Ees by 21 +/- 5% (P < 0.01). The percent change of RV pressure-volume area (PVA) was less than that in LV-PVA (26 +/- 9 vs 48 +/- 11%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Accordingly, increases in coronary perfusion pressure and/or flow decreased the RV distensibility and enhanced the RV contractile function, the extent of which, however, was less than that in the LV.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Role of mast cells, eosinophils and IL-5 in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized mice.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In order to study the role of mast cells and IL-5 in allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity in mice, airway responsiveness in WBB6F1-W/Wv mice (mast cell deficient) and the effects of anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (NC-17) and three anti-allergic drugs (N-556, ketotifen and amlexanox) on airway hyperreactivity in Balb/c mice were studied. METHODS: Mice were immunized with an antigen (ovalbumin; OA) at intervals of 12 days. OA was inhaled 10 days after the secondary immunization. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, airway reactivity to acetylcholine was measured and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained. RESULTS: Three inhalations of OA caused an increase in leucocytes (including eosinophils), accompanied by increases in IL-5 in BALF, and airway hyperreactivity to acetylcholine in Balb/c and WBB6F1- +/+ mice. In WBB6F1-W/Wv mice, antigen inhalation resulted in increases in leucocytes and IL-5 in BALF but did not result in airway hyperreactivity. NC-17 at doses between 10 and 20 micrograms (intratracheal injection) inhibited the antigen-induced eosinophilia but did not affect airway hyperreactivity in Balb/c mice. Three 'anti-allergic' drugs clearly inhibited antigen-induced increases in IL-5 levels and the number of eosinophils in BALF, but did not affect airway hyperreactivity in Balb/c mice. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that mast cells play an important role in the onset of airway hyperreactivity but do not play a role in the production of IL-5 and eosinophilia. Furthermore, indicate that the inhibition of IL-5 is not always associated with a reduction in antigen-induced airway hyperreactivity in mice.

Aminopyridines↗
PubMed1996

Flt-1 but not KDR/Flk-1 tyrosine kinase is a receptor for placenta growth factor, which is related to vascular endothelial growth factor.

Placenta Growth Factor (PIGF) is a new member of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Although VEGF binds Flt family Flt-1 and KDR/Flk-1 tyrosine kinases at high affinity for signal transduction, biological activities and the receptors of PIGF have not been extensively studied. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that PIGF-2, a subtype of PIGF-1 that bears a basic amino acid-rich domain, is more abundant than PIGF-1 and thus is the major subtype in human placenta. Using antibodies specific to PIGF-1 or -2 as markers, we obtained large amounts of PIGFs in the baculovirus expression system. PIGF-2 had growth-stimulatory activity on human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular permeability activity in the Miles assay at levels about 10-fold lower than those of VEGF. All PIGF-1 activities were lower than those of PIGF-2. Both PIGFs competed for the binding of 125I-labeled VEGF to Flt-1 receptor but not to KDR/Flk-1 expressed on NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, 125I-labeled PIGF bound to Flt-1 at high affinity but not to KDR/Flk-1. Supporting the notion that PIGF can use only Flt-1 as a receptor, PIGF activated Flt-1 to autophosphorylate, whereas PIGF could not generate signals from KDR/Flk-1. These results indicate that Flt-1, but not KDR/Flk-1, is a receptor for PIGF, suggesting that the weak biological activities of PIGF are due to its use of only part of the available VEGF signaling. These mild characteristics of PIGF may be important for the appropriate development and maintenance of normal placental tissue.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1996

[Unilateral dissection of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery and ipsilateral multiple cerebral infarctions caused by suicidal hanging: a case report].

This paper presents a case of traumatic dissection of the unilateral internal carotid artery of the cervical portion caused by hanging. A 63-year-old man attempted suicide by hanging and was rescued immediately after. No neurological deficits were detected for the first 4 hours. But then, right hemiplegia, aphasia and disturbed consciousness suddenly developed. On the 2nd day, MRI revealed multiple infarctions in the left cerebral hemisphere. MR angiography demonstrated severe stenosis at the cervical portion of the left internal carotid artery due to dissection. The left middle cerebral artery was not demonstrated. The patient was conservatively treated with fibrinolytic agents and regained consciousness gradually. But aphasia and right hemiplegia remained. During the next few weeks, the stenosis at the ICA slightly improved and the MCA was completely recanalized. Extracranial Doppler sonography revealed chronological hemodynamic changes of mean flow velocity and pulsatility index at the proximal and distal portion of the ICA stenosis.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of postoperative pain in spinal surgery--usefulness of the administration of local anesthetics into the peridural cavity].

Analgesic effects of perioperative administration of local anesthetics into the peridural cavity were examined in 21 patients with cervical or lumbar vertebral diseases. Sufficient analgesic effects were obtained particularly in patients with lumbar vertebral disease. Administration of local anesthetics was also effective for postoperative sleep on the day of operation. No postoperative neurological side effects were observed. These findings suggest that peridural administration of local anesthetics during spinal surgery is very useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of intraportal chemotherapy in terms of administered dose of 5-FU].

Forty-six patients with colorectal cancer were studied for the effects of intraportal chemotherapy in terms of the administered dose of 5-FU. No liver metastases occurred in patients with a total dose of more than 4 g of 5-FU. The five-year survival rate for patients with a total dose of more than 4 g of 5-FU was 98%, which was better than that for control (72%). In patients administered 500 approximately 600 mg/body/day of 5-FU, the concentration of 5-FU in the peripheral blood was 0.022 approximately 0.027 microgram/ml. Liver dysfunction occurred in 22%, 33%, and 80% of patients administered less than 4 g, 4 approximately 4.9 g, or more than 5 g of 5-FU, respectively, but almost all of them were grade 1. These results suggest that intraportal chemotherapy administered with a total of more than 4 g of 5-FU was effective for prevention of liver metastases after resection of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

[Coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters as predictors for small-vessel disease revealed by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain].

We correlated coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters with small-vessel disease revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. One hundred and eleven patients with asymptomatic or symptomatic cerebral infarction were randomly selected for the study; 57 males and 54 females with an average age of 66.6 +/- 9.6, age range 40 to 85, years old. Among them, 76 patients had a history of symptomatic cerebral infarction; 38 patients hypertension; and 24 patients diabetes mellitus. Patients with large cortical infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, demyelinating disease or mass lesions were excluded from the present study. The MRI scans were reviewed for areas with increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The small infarction was defined as a lesion less than 10mm in diameter. The activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) correlated significantly with the grade of caps at the anterior and posterior horns of the lateral ventricle, and the number of small infarctions in the subcortical white matter and basal ganglia, suggesting vWF could be a predictor for these small-vessel disease. The grade of caps at posterior horn of the lateral ventricle and the number of small infarctions in the subcortical white matter were associated significantly with the concentration of plasma fibrinogen and reversely with the activity of antithrombin III, an inhibitory factor in coagulation system. These results indicate that hypercoagulable state may causatively relate with small-vessel disease in the territory of medullary artery branching from cortical artery. On the contrary, these coagulation parameters did not correlate significantly with small ischemic lesions in the territory of perforating artery. No correlation was observed between the level of marker proteins for platelet activation and the degree of small-vessel disease, indicating the activation of platelet could not associate with the etiology of small-vessel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Significance of the coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters as predictors for carotid atherosclerosis].

We investigated the relation between atherosclerosis of common carotid artery measured by B-mode ultrasound sonography and vascular risk factors, in particular the coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters. A total of 118 patients without either hematological disease or symptomatic brain infarction are enrolled in this study. Vascular risk factors associated with increased intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery were advancing age, sex (male), systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. There was a significant correlation of IMT with the activity of von Willebrand factor (vW factor) which had a significant correlation with concentration of beta-thromboglobin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). It has been reported that vW factor is a useful parameter for the evaluation of the extent of vascular involvement. vW factor in plasma and in the vessel wall is known to contribute appreciably to the platelet adherence, and to play a major role in the platelet aggregation particularly at high shear stress. In this study, we showed that plasma vW factor might enhance platelet aggregation. In addition, we revealed that plasma vW factor might reflect the injury of carotid artery wall and serve as a significant predictor of carotid atherosclerosis. There was a significant correlation of IMT with concentration of fibrinogen (Fbg), suggesting Fbg may play a role in atherogenesis by affecting local blood flow especially at the bifurcation. We reconfirmed that Fbg is a significant indicator of carotid atherosclerosis. Concentrations of beta TG and PF4 were significantly correlated with IMT. They are useful parameters of platelet activation and elevated in various angiopathies. These results, therefore, indicate that beta TG and PF4 also reflect the injury of carotid artery wall, and could be markers for carotid atherosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis↗
PubMed1996

Thoracoscopic lung resection for lung metastasis of colorectal cancer.

We performed thoracoscopic lung resection seven times in four patients with lung metastases from colorectal cancer. This procedure allowed a short operation time, minimal blood loss, and a short hospital stay. Thoracoscopic lung resection was chosen for resection of lung metastases from colorectal cancer because it allowed simultaneous bilateral lung resection and early postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[A case of Nothnagel syndrome].

A 72-year-old woman developed a sudden onset of bilateral ptosis, diplopia and gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed bilateral oculomotor palsies, truncal ataxia, and transient slight weakness in the right upper extremity. She was diagnosed to have Nothnagel syndrome. T2-weighted MRI disclosed a high signal intensity lesion at the left paracentral portion of the upper midbrain in addition to the bilateral medial thalamic lesions, while brain CT showed only the thalamic lesions. Brain MRI was useful for detecting the small midbrain lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Two patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and monoclonal gammopathy].

A 67-year-old man and a 70-year-old man were admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea and dry coughing. Chest X-ray films showed bilateral reticulonodular shadows in the middle and lower lung fields. Specimens were obtained by open lung biopsies and the findings were compatible with those of usual interstitial pneumonia. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed monoclonal gammopathy in both patients. The levels of interleukin 6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were high. In these two patients, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was associated with multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy, and the levels of interleukin-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were high. These findings may help to elucidate the pathogenesis and development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Use of the buccal fat pad as a pedicle graft.

A technique was developed to use the pedicle buccal fat pad as method for closing an oro-antral communication. The buccal fat pad is situated in the posterior part of the maxilla and bounded by the pterygopalatine fossa, buccal muscle, and masseter muscle. It is supplied by blood from small branches of the maxillary artery, the superficial temporal artery, and the facial artery. Generally, the buccal fat pad can be easily reached by a horizontal incision over the periosteum near the maxillary third molar. As much as 60 x 50mm2 can be obtained. For reconstructive surgery, the buccal fat pad is suitable for closing the sinus near the hard and soft palate and naso-oral fistulae. In our case, graft tissues after surgery healed satisfactorily, began to epithelialize at two weeks after operation, and appeared with normal mucous-like changes at about one month. Thus, the pedicle buccal fat pad is a safe, simple, convenient, and effective grafting method, if it is applied to appropriate cases.

Adipose Tissue↗