Chronic glomerulonephritis remarkably improved after surgery for acne conglobata of the buttocks.
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Acneiform Eruptions↗
Biomedical subjects
S Yamada
Publications and source records attributed to S Yamada.
Serum alpha-subunit levels in patients with pituitary adenomas.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated preoperative and postoperative serum alpha-subunit levels and the alpha-subunit response to TRH in patients with various types of pituitary tumour and correlated the data with histological findings in order to clarify the significance of alpha-subunit measurement in pituitary adenomas. PATIENTS: We examined 59 patients with pituitary tumours (22 with GH cell adenomas, 30 with clinically nonfunctioning adenomas and seven with other tumours) treated at Toranomon Hospital between 1996 and 1998. RESULTS: The basal alpha-subunit level was supranormal in six out of 22 (27%) patients with a GH cell adenoma and in nine out of 30 (30%) patients with a nonfunctioning adenoma. A paradoxical alpha-subunit response to TRH was found in seven out of 22 (32%) patients with a GH cell adenoma. These seven patients also showed a paradoxical GH response to TRH administration. In addition, paradoxical response to TRH was found in eight out of 30 (27%) patients with a clinically nonfunctioning adenoma. In contrast, patients with other types of pituitary tumour showed neither a supranormal alpha-subunit level nor a paradoxical response to TRH. The supranormal alpha-subunit level and the abnormal response to TRH were normalized in both GH cell adenoma and nonfunctioning adenoma patients after successful surgery. Immunohistochemical studies showed alpha-subunit positive cells in 51% of GH cell adenomas or nonfunctioning adenomas and there was a good concordance with the serum alpha-subunit levels in both GH cell adenoma and nonfunctioning adenoma patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that supranormal serum alpha-subunit levels are mainly due to hypersecretion by the tumour itself, while the paradoxical alpha-subunit response to TRH is an associated phenomenon in patients with a GH cell adenoma or nonfunctioning adenoma. The alpha-subunit level and the response to TRH may be useful indicators for assessing the operative outcome, especially in nonfunctioning adenoma patients who have no other definite endocrine markers.
Adenoma↗
Senior-Loken syndrome associated with mental retardation and microcephaly.
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Acidosis↗
Can the proximal isovelocity surface area method calculate stenotic mitral valve area in patients with associated moderate to severe aortic regurgitation? Analysis using low aliasing velocity of 10% of the peak transmitral velocity.
To assess the ability of the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method to accurately measure the stenotic mitral valve area (MVA), and to assess whether aortic regurgitation (AR) affects the calculation, we compared the accuracy of the PISA method and the pressure half-time (PHT) method for determining MVA in patients with and without associated AR by using two-dimensional echocardiographic planimetry as a standard. The study population consisted of 45 patients with mitral stenosis. Seventeen of the 45 patients had associated moderate-to-severe AR. The PISA method was performed using low aliasing velocity (AV) of 10% of the peak transmitral velocity, which provided the most accurate estimation of MVA when compared with planimetry. The maximal radius r of the PISA was measured from the orifice to blue-red aliasing interface. Using the PISA method, MVA was calculated as (2pir(2)) x theta / 180 x AV/Vmax, where theta was the inflow angle formed by mitral leaflets, AV was the aliasing velocity (cm/sec), and Vmax was the peak transmitral velocity (cm/sec). MVA by the PISA method correlated well with planimetry both in patients with AR (r = 0.90, P < 0.001, SEE = 0.17 cm(2)) and without AR (r = 0.92, P < 0.001, SEE = 0.16 cm(2)). However, MVA by the PHT method did not correlate as well with planimetry (r = 0.57, P < 0.05, SEE = 0.37 cm(2)) in patients with associated AR, and the PHT method produced a significant overestimation (24%) of MVA obtained by planimetry in these patients. We conclude that the PISA method allows accurate estimation of MVA and is not influenced by AR.
Adult↗
A rare anatomic variant of the superior glenohumeral ligament.
The attachment of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) to the upper pole of the glenoid is variable and 3 types have been described. We report an anatomic variant of SGHL attachment to the upper pole of the glenoid that has not heretofore been reported in the literature. In this case, the SGHL overrode the biceps origin, continued to the superior labrum posteriorly, and had no attachment to the middle glenohumeral ligament or the anterior labrum. This variant was detected during routine arthroscopic examination undertaken before surgery on a rotator cuff tear.
Adult↗
CD45RC gammadelta T-cell infiltration is associated with immunologic unresponsiveness induced by prior donor-specific blood transfusion in rat hepatic allografts.
Little is known regarding the role of gammadelta(+) T cells in organ transplantation. We previously reported that immunologic unresponsiveness is induced by prior donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) in rat hepatic allografts. We investigated the phenotype and distribution of gammadelta(+) T cells in the hepatic allograft, spleen, and peripheral blood of recipient rats with immunologic unresponsiveness induced by DST. gammadelta(+) T cells were enumerated in allograft livers and spleens by immunostaining and in blood by flow cytometric analysis. The phenotype of gammadelta(+) T cells was determined using CD45RC isoforms derived from alternative mRNA splicing. The cytokine profile of CD45RC(+) and CD45RC(-) gammadelta(+) T cells was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The number of gammadelta(+) T cells in hepatic infiltrates in recipient rats pretreated with DST was significantly greater than in untreated animals. This correlated with significantly higher levels of gammadelta T cell receptor (TCR) mRNA in hepatic allografts of DST-treated rats as compared with untreated animals. The gammadelta(+) T cell/alphabeta(+) T-cell ratio increased in hepatic infiltrates in DST-treated recipient rats but not in untreated animals. CD45RC(-)gammadelta(+) T cells were predominantly increased in DST-treated hepatic allografts compared with untreated allografts. Most of the intestinal intraepithelial T cells were CD45RC(-)gammadelta(+). Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 mRNA were detected more in CD45RC(-)gammadelta(+) T cells than CD45RC(+)gammadelta(+) T cells. CD45RC(-)gammadelta(+) T cells infiltrating liver allografts produce Th2-type cytokines and are associated with immunologic unresponsiveness induced by DST.
Acute Disease↗
Two cases of lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with mycoplasmal bacteraemia without pneumonia.
We present two cases of unusual manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: lymphadenopathy with liver dysfunction without pneumonia. One was diagnosed as an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome and the other as Kawasaki disease. Polymerase chain reaction successfully detected Mycoplasma pneumoniae DNA using blood samples. Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be included in the panel of aetiological agents in patients with lymphadenitis and hepatitis even in the absence of pneumonia.
Bacteremia↗
Hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiography for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery spasm.
We report the usefulness of 2-dimensional echocardiography during the cold-pressor test immediately after hyperventilation for noninvasive diagnosis of coronary vasospasm in 43 patients with suspected vasospastic angina. The stress test consisted of hyperventilation for 6 minutes, followed by cold water pressor stress for 2 minutes under continuous electrocardiographic and echocardiographic monitoring. Coronary angiography with an intracoronary injection of acetylcholine was performed within 2 weeks after the stress test. Coronary spasm was observed in 33 patients by angiography. Multivessel spasm was diagnosed in 26 patients by stress echocardiography and in 23 patients by angiography. The stress-induced wall motion abnormalities occurred earlier than the ST-segment changes and chest pain. The wall motion abnormalities shown on the echocardiogram correlated well with the vascular territories of the coronary artery that had the spasm. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiography for detecting vasospastic angina against coronary angiography with an intracoronary injection of acetylcholine were 91%, 90%, and 91%, respectively. However, the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress electrocardiography for detecting vasospastic angina were 48%, 100%, and 60%, respectively. No major side effects were observed during or after the stress test. Echocardiographic monitoring during the stress test detected spasm unaccompanied by either ST- segment changes or chest pain and revealed the location of multivessel coronary spasm. Hyperventilation and cold-pressor stress echocardiography is thus a noninvasive and useful tool for the diagnosis of vasospastic angina.
Aged↗
A clinical and histological evaluation of titanium mini-implants as anchors for orthodontic intrusion in the beagle dog.
The aim of this study was to determine the anchorage potential of the titanium mini-implant for orthodontic intrusion of the mandibular posterior teeth. Six mini-implants were surgically placed around the mandibular third premolars on each side in 3 adult male beagle dogs. On the buccal site, three mini-implants were placed distal to the apex of the distal root of the third premolar, at the interradicular septa of the third premolar, and mesial to the apex of the mesial root of the third premolar, as linearly as possible. The same procedure was performed at the lingual site on both sides of the mandibular third premolars in each dog. Bilateral interradicular mini-implants on both the buccal and the lingual sites were used as the anchorage for the intrusion of the third premolars (loaded implants) and the other mini-implants were used as control (unloaded) implants. In 6 weeks, an intrusive force (150 g) was applied between the interradicular implants on the buccal and the lingual sites by closed coil springs run across the crowns of the third premolars. After 12 to 18 weeks of orthodontic intrusion, the animals were killed and their mandibles were dissected and prepared for histologic and fluorescent observation. The results indicated that the mandibular third premolars intruded 4.5 mm, on average, after 12 to 18 weeks of orthodontic force application, with mild root resorption at the furcation area as well as the root apex. All the mini-implants remained stable during orthodontic tooth movement without any mobility or displacement. The morphometrical findings indicated that the calcification of the peri-implant bone on the loaded implants was equal to or slightly greater than those of the controls. In addition, 6 of the 36 mini-implants were removed after tooth movement, and all of them were easily removed with a screwdriver. These findings suggest that mini-implants are effective tools for the anchorage of orthodontic intrusion in beagle dogs.
Alveolar Process↗
Total knee arthroplasty in bilateral congenital dislocation of the patella--a case report.
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Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
Effects of photocatalytic reactions on marine plankton: titanium dioxide powder as catalyst on the body surface.
Photocatalytic effects of TiO2 powder on marine plankton were examined by the use of either brine shrimp Artemia salina or noxious red tide flagellate Chattonella antiqua as a probe. After UV (365 nm) irradiation for ca. 1 hour, A. salina stopped moving and the body surface was completely covered by TiO2 powder. Similar photoirradiation of C. antiqua, on the other hand, induced deformation of the body from spindle to round shape within 20 minutes. The deformed C. antiqua recovered to normal shapes, when the cells were kept in the same conditions but without UV irradiation for more than 40 minutes. On the prolonged UV irradiation (more than 100 minutes), however, the cells burst and came to annihilation. The photocatalytic reactions of TiO2 on the body surface are thus concluded to induce fatal damages to these microorganisms.
Animals↗
Oxidative stress promotes the development of transformation: involvement of a potent mutagenic lipid peroxidation product, acrolein.
The effect of intracellular oxidative stress on the development of cell transformation was studied. Mouse embryo C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts pre-treated with benzo[a] pyrene, developed transformed foci on exposure to free radical generators, such as 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1). These compounds generate peroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite, respectively. Neither AAPH nor SIN-1 alone induced transformation. The level of intracellular antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol and glutathione (GSH), decreased with time of exposure to the free radical generators, whereas the addition of exogenous alpha-tocopherol, GSH and ebselen showed a reduction in the frequency of transformation. An early event during exposure to AAPH and SIN-1 was the generation of acrolein, a highly mutagenic lipid peroxidation product, which was suppressed by the addition of alpha-tocopherol. Furthermore, it was confirmed that acrolein induced the transformation of cells which were pre-treated with benzo[a]pyrene but not of the untreated cells. These results suggest that acrolein may act as an important mediator of cell transformation under oxidative stress.
Acrolein↗
Supratentorial astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas treated in the MRI era.
BACKGROUND: There is at present no consensus on the policy for the treatment of patients with low-grade gliomas (LGGs). METHODS: This report is a retrospective multi-institutional study of 100 patients (ages 16-65 years) with astrocytoma (grade II), oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma and anaplastic oligoastrocytoma of the supratentorial areas which were treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy at five university hospitals in northern Japan between 1990 and 1997 when MRI was routinely used to determine the target volume. Most patients were irradiated with 50-60 Gy. The target volume usually covered the areas with T2 prolongation of MRI with a margin of 2 cm. RESULTS: The disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 87.4% for patients with oligodendroglioma and 75.3% for patients with astrocytoma. Survival for patients with astrocytoma in the MRI era appears to be improved compared with historical controls in the literature. Patients with astrocytoma aged 40 years and under had a significantly better disease-specific survival rate than those over 40 years (P < 0.05) and patients with oligodendroglioma and oligoastrocytoma showed a similar tendency. Patients with astrocytoma who had over 50% of their tumor removed had a significantly better survival rate than those who had less than 50% removed (P < 0.05). Chemotherapy appeared to improve the disease-specific survival rate of patients with oligodendroglioma but not that of patients with astrocytoma. CONCLUSION: Oligodendroglioma has a more protracted course of disease progression than astrocytoma. This particular feature and the sensitivity of LGGs to chemotherapy as well as their relevant prognostic factors, such as age, histopathology and amount of tumor removal, should be taken into account before any decision on treatment methods for LGGs is made.
Adult↗
Suppressed localization of a major autolysin on Staphylococcus aureus treated with tetracycline.
Surface localization of a major autolysin (atl gene product, ATL) on Staphylococcus aureus treated with tetracycline (TC, 4MIC: 1.56 microg ml(-1)) was examined using the protein A-gold labelling method. No labelling was noted on the surface of the next septal region, but it was observed on the previous septal region. In contrast, on untreated cells the gold particles were found not only along the septal surface, but also on the next septal region. These findings agree with those obtained from both ultrathin and whole-mount specimens, indicating that TC inhibits the localization of ATL in the next septal region. They further support the suggestion that ATL localization on the cell surface is closely associated with the cell cycle. When S. aureus was treated with otherwise lytic concentrations of penicillin G (PCG, 4MIC: 0.02 microg ml(-1)) in the presence of TC, the distribution of the label on the cell surface was found to be very similar to that on the TC-treated organisms. This suggests that the inhibitory effect of TC on PCG-induced lysis was not due to complete loss of ATL on the cell surface but instead to inhibition of ATL localization in the next septal region.
Cell Membrane↗
Isolation of reducing oligosaccharide chains from the chondroitin/dermatan sulfate-protein linkage region and preparation of analytical probes by fluorescent labeling with 2-aminobenzamide.
The glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-protein linkage regions of various proteoglycans share the common tetrasaccharide GlcA-Gal-Gal-Xyl-attached to Ser residues in the core proteins. In previous analysis we demonstrated unique modifications by epimerization, sulfation and phosphorylation of the component sugars. Here we developed a sensitive analytical method for the linkage region oligosaccharides to detect or monitor structural variations and changes. This will be useful for investigation of their biological roles, which are largely unknown, but they have been implicated in biosynthesis. A variety of linkage region-derived hexasaccharides was first prepared as reducing sugar chains from peptide chondroitin/dermatan sulfate of whale cartilage, shark cartilage, and bovine aorta by means of chondroitinase digestion in conjunction with beta-elimination in the absence of reducing reagents, but involving a mild alkali, 0.5 M LiOH, at 4 degrees C to prevent peeling reactions. The structures of these oligosaccharides were determined by the combination of HPLC, enzymatic digestion, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, which revealed eleven different hexasaccharides including a novel structure, DeltaHexAalpha1-3GalNAcbeta1-4IdoAalpha1-3Gal(4-O-sulfate)beta1-3Galbeta1-4Xyl (DeltaHexA and IdoA represent unsaturated hexuronic acid and L-iduronic acid, respectively). These oligosaccharides were labeled with a fluorophore, 2-aminobenzamide, to prepare analytical probes using the recently developed procedure [Kinoshita and Sugahara (1999) Anal. Biochem. 269, 367-378]. The fluorophore-tagged hexasacharides of low picomoles were well separated by HPLC and successfully analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The principle of the method should be applicable to the analysis of the linkage region oligosaccharides derived from heparin and heparan sulfate as well.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Characterization of a novel triphosphonooctaosylceramide from the eggs of the sea hare, Aplysia kurodai.
We have reported the existence of a triphosphonoglycosphingolipid, EGL-I, in the eggs of a sea gastropod, Aplysia kurodai [Yamada, S., Araki, S., Abe, S., Kon, K., Ando, S., and Satake, M. (1995) J. Biochem. 117, 794-799]. We have now isolated a novel glycosphingolipid, named EGL-II, from the eggs of Aplysia. By component analysis, sugar analysis, permethylation studies, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and proton magnetic resonance spectrometry, its structure was revealed to be as follows: Galalpha1-->3(GlcNAcalpha1-->2)Galalpha1-->3(3-O-MeGalalpha1-->2)Galalpha1-->3[6'-O-(2-aminoethylphosphonyl)Galalpha1-->2](2-aminoethylphosphonyl-->6)Galbeta1-->4(2-aminoethylphosphonyl-->6)Glcbeta1-->1ceramide. The major aliphatic components of the ceramide are palmitic acid, stearic acid, and anteisononadeca-4-sphingenine.
Animals↗
Phase Ia study of a hypoxic cell sensitizer doranidazole (PR-350) in combination with conventional radiotherapy.
A phase Ia study of a 2-nitroimidazole nucleoside analog radiosensitizer doranidazole was conducted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetics in patients undergoing conventional external beam radiotherapy. Twenty-nine patients, aged 40-74 years, with a WHO performance status of 0-2 and with adequate organ functions, were entered in the study. Single administration of doranidazole was investigated first with 13 patients and then a course of five consecutive daily administrations was tested in 16 patients. Doranidazole was given i.v. 25 min before irradiation. Doranidazole doses of 400, 800, 1300 and 2000 mg/m2 were evaluated in the former study, and daily doses of 800, 1300 and 2000 mg/m2 were investigated in the latter study. All patients tolerated doranidazole administration. Although a transient decrease in the 24-h creatinine clearance rate was observed in five patients (one in the single administration study and four in the repeat administration study), this was not considered to be the dose-limiting toxicity. Other toxicities (hematological and gastrointestinal), which may not be related to doranidazole administration, were also mild and were not dose limiting. No neurotoxicity was observed. The average maximum concentration, area under the time-concentration curve and half-life of doranidazole in serum were 172-194 microg/ml, 502-582 microg x h/l and 4.2-4.6 h, respectively, at 2000 mg/m2. At the tested doses, administration of doranidazole was tolerable and achieved serum concentrations at which reasonable radiosensitization could be expected. A phase Ib/II study to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of up to 30 repeat administrations seems to be warranted.
Adult↗
Characteristics of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains isolated from patients and induced with erythromycin in vitro.
Some patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are clinically resistant to antibiotics such as erythromycin, clarithromycin, or clindamycin. We isolated M. pneumoniae from such patients and found that one of three isolates showed a point mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. Furthermore, 141 EM-sensitive clinical isolates of M. pneumoniae were cultured in broth medium containing 100 microg/ml of erythromycin (EM). Among 11 EM-resistant strains that grew in the medium, point mutations in the 23S rRNA were found in 3 strains at A2063G, 5 strains at A2064G and 3 strains at A2064C. The relationship between the point mutation pattern of these EM-resistant strains and their resistance phenotypes to several macrolide antibiotics was investigated.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗