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Biomedical subjects

S Yagi

Publications and source records attributed to S Yagi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Three cases of single coronary artery].

Single coronary artery has been considered a minor coronary anomaly without clinical importance. With the wide spread of coronary angiography, however, the disease has been reported to develop complications at a high rate, such as angina, myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. We report three patients with single coronary artery with several complications. Case 1: A 56-year-old woman having a past history of diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction was admitted because of the recently developed frequent attacks of effort angina. Treadmill test was positive and thallium-201 exercise myocardial scintigraphy revealed redistribution in the lateral wall. Ascending aortogram suggested that the right coronary artery (RCA) arose from the left sinus of Valsalva. An injection into the right sinus of Valsalva revealed no coronary ostium. Selective left coronary angiogram resulted in the diagnosis of single coronary artery (Smith's type 2) with 90% stenosis in the left circumflex artery (LCX). Left ventriculogram showed hypokinesis in the anterolateral wall. PTCA performed on this patient revealed clinical and nucleomedical improvement. Case 2: A 48-year-old man experienced chest pain and syncope. Electrocardiogram revealed ST-elevations in II, I and a VF, sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular junctional rhythm. Angiography resulted in the diagnosis of single coronary artery (Smith's type 2) with 75% stenosis in the RCA. Ergonovine test was positive. Case 3: A 69-year-old man complained of chest pain. Electrocardiogram showed complete right bundle branch block, sinus bradycardia and atrioventricular junctional rhythm. Cardiac catheterization revealed that this was also a case of single coronary artery (Smith's type 2) with no significant stenosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A clinical evaluation of fluconazole in the treatment of deep mycosis].

Fluconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent developed by Pfizer Inc. and available in both oral and intravenous forms. It is characterized by a long serum half-life of 25 to 30 hours and good absorbability into tissues. In the present study, fluconazole was given to 12 patients with deep mycosis orally, intravenously or by local infusion. The patients included 4 cases of candidemia, 1 case each of candidemia and candiduria, candiduria, esophageal candidiasis, Candida hepatic abscess, pulmonary cryptococcosis and septicemia due to unspecified yeasts and 2 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis. Clinical efficacies of fluconazole against these infections were excellent in 2 cases, good in 8 and fair in 2. None of the patients reported any side effects. From the results of the study, fluconazole appears to be a useful and safe drug for the treatment of deep seated mycosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Investigation of two cases of a clinically unknown large cell carcinoma of the lung involved with severe stenosis of the bilateral main bronchi].

Reported are two rare cases of a clinically unknown large cell carcinoma of the lung, associated with severe stenosis of the bilateral main bronchi. Case 1: A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of chief complaints that included a cough, hemosputum, and dyspnea. Based on the bronchoscopic findings that revealed severe stenosis of the bilateral main bronchi and a specimen that was biopsied from tracheal spur, a diagnosis of large cell carcinoma of the lung was made. Although anticancer chemotherapy and irradiation therapy produced a slight improvement in the patient's symptoms, at the 10th hospital week the patient died of suffocation. Case 2: A 77-year woman was admitted to hospital with chief complaints that included a cough and hemosputum. A bronchoscopy revealed severe stenosis of the bilateral main bronchi. After the 4th hospital day the patient complained of increasing dyspnea. At the 9th hospital day the patient died of suffocation. An autopsy results revealed a large cell carcinoma (giant type) of the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Roles of vascular and renal thromboxanes in the antihypertensive effects of alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonists].

In order to assess the roles of vasoconstrictor thromboxane in the antihypertensive action of alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist, we explored the influences of OKY-046, a selective thromboxane inhibitor, on the antihypertensive effects of bunazosin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2-week antihypertensive treatment with bunazosin (0.5 mg/kg/day) did not produce a significant decrease of systolic blood pressure in SHR, as compared to untreated controls. The blood pressure reduction was associated with a decrease of PGI2/TXA2 in vascular eicosanoids generation (p less than 0.02) and an increase of TXA2 excretion in urine (p less than 0.05). A combination treatment with OKY-046 almost completely abolished the enhanced TXA2 generation in the vascular wall and kidney, which was strikingly associated with a potentiation of the blood pressure reduction by bunazosin treatment (176 vs 186 mmHg, p less than 0.01). Bunazosin directly stimulated TXA2 biosynthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells in culture in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, these data clearly indicate that bunazosin, a quinazoline derivative, enhances vasoconstrictor TXA2 system in the vascular wall and kidney possibly through direct actions, which would attenuate the antihypertensive effects of alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonism by bunazosin treatment.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1989

[M. kansasii lung infection occurring in a compromised host with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

A 61-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of persisting cough, sputum and shortness of breath for four months. Brushing specimens and BALF bronchoscopically obtained revealed acid-fast bacilli and TBLB showed pathological findings consistent with interstitial pneumonia. Based on these results, clinical symptoms, chest roentgenograms on admission and identification of M. kansasii, a diagnosis of M. kansasii lung infection occurred in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was made. The patient's symptoms consistent with M. kansasii lung infection and his sputum became negative 6 weeks after antituberculosis chemotherapy with INH, SM and RFP. Because of an increasing dyspnea due to pulmonary fibrosis, however, the patient received oxygen therapy. This case suggested an increasing tendency of compromised hosts associated with M. kansasii lung infection.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical investigation of pulmonary dirofilariasis with unusual abnormalities on chest roentgenograms].

The authors recently encountered three cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis with unusual abnormalities on chest roentgenograms. In case 1, with right upper and lower lobe masses and right pleural effusion, the right lower lobe mass and pleural effusion spontaneously disappeared one month after admission. In case 2, chest roentgenograms and chest CT scanning revealed a small mass with cavity formation. In case 3, with a right lower lobe mass and pleural effusion, steroid therapy resulted in disappearance of the mass and a remarkable reduction of pleural effusion. Human pulmonary dirofilariasis is a rare disease. In Japan, only 32, including our cases, have been reported in the literature of pulmonary dirofilariasis with unusual abnormalities on chest roentgenograms. The literature was reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[A case of pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to].

We reported a case of pneumonitis due to Sho-saiko-to. A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of pneumonia. She complained of dry cough, pyrexia and severe dyspnea. Fine crepitation was heard on physical examination of the chest and a chest X-ray film revealed diffuse reticulo-nodular shadow in both lung fields. We suspected summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis and followed her up, however her condition deteriorated. Under a suspicion of drug-induced pneumonitis, all drugs were stopped and she was given prednisolone. Consequently her complaints, laboratory data and chest X-ray findings markedly improved. Microscopic examination of a transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed interstitial pneumonitis. The results of a lymphocyte stimulation test were positive for sho-saiko-to. She gave informed consent after receiving an explanation of the challenge test. She was tested with 2.5 g sho-saiko-to twice and developed high fever and dyspnea with hypoxia, while the chest X-ray film also revealed diffuse infiltrative shadows similar that on admission. Based on these findings, we diagnosed this case as pneumonitis due to sho-saiko-to. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case of pulmonary hypersensitivity due to sho-saiko-to reported in the world.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Two cases of primary racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery].

Two cases of primary racemose hemangioma of the bronchial artery are reported. The first case was admitted because of massive hemoptysis after transbronchial biopsy in another hospital. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor of the left B4 bronchus, which was resected and diagnosed as racemose hemangioma. The second case was admitted because of massive hemoptysis. Bronchoscopic examination revealed polypoid tumor in the left B3b bronchus, which was resected and diagnosed as racemose hemangioma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[The effects of ketanserin on vascular eicosanoid system in spontaneously hypertensive rats and their implications].

We designed experiments to reveal the effects of a S2 serotonergic receptor antagonist, ketanserin, on the vascular eicosanoid system and the relevance to medial hyperplasia in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2-week ketanserin treatment (5 mg/kg/day) significantly decreased systolic blood pressure by 7% when compared to untreated SHR. The blood pressure reduction was associated with a significant decrease in vascular thromboxane A2 (TXA2) generation and sustained prostacyclin (PGI2) production, thereby shifting PGI2/TXA2 ratio toward vasodilatation. In contrast, the trichlormethiazide treatment, which achieved blood pressure reduction to almost the same extent, significantly decreased PGI2/TXA2 ratio. Vasodilator eicosanoids, e. g. PGI2, PGE2 and PGD2, dose-dependently decreased (3H)-thymidine uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells in culture whereas vasoconstrictor TXA2 enhanced (3H) thymidine uptake in a dose dependent manner. Indeed 2 x 10(-5) M ketanserin significantly decreased (3H) thymidine uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells by 48% although the same dose of methysergide, nonspecific serotonin inhibitor, did not affect the uptake by vascular smooth muscle cells. These results clearly indicate that the blood pressure reduction in ketanserin treatment is uniquely associated with a decrease in vascular thromboxane generation, and that it is possibly beneficial to protect vascular wall against medial hyperplasia of vascular smooth muscle cells, an integral component of arterial sclerotic changes in hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of tuberculous pleurisy associated with myoclonus and Quincke's edema due to isoniazid and isoniazid sodium methanesulfonate].

A case of tuberculous pleurisy associated with myoclonus and Quincke's edema due to isoniazid (INH) and isoniazid sodium methanesulfonate (IHMS) was reported. A 75-year-old man was admitted to our division because of chest discomfort and the left chest pain of one month's duration. A conventional chest roentgenogram revealed pleural effusion in the left thoracic cavity. The pleural specimen obtained from the left parietal pleura revealed caseating granuloma. Myoclonus suddenly appeared two months after the administration of antituberculous drugs for tuberculous pleurisy. Therefore, INH was discontinued. Three days later the patient's myoclonus disappeared and nine days later IHMS was newly administered. The patient abruptly developed myoclonus and Quincke's edema. IHMS was discontinued and 30 mg of prednisolone was simultaneously given. Two days later myoclonus disappeared and two days more later Quincke's edema was improved. The lymphocyte stimulation test using IHMS was positive. At that time, levels of serum vitamin B6 were within normal levels. These results suggest that myoclonus may result from epileptogenic action caused by INH or IHMS, and Quincke's edema may result from hypersensitive reaction associated with IHMS.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Prognostic factors in cases of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma].

Among 56 cases of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma (including three cases from our institute and 53 reported in Japan from 1978 to 1987), we investigated several prognostic factors, such as age, sex, exposure to asbestos, smoking history, symptom duration, tuberculin skin test, localization of the lesion, pleural effusion, histologic type, metastasis, treatment and some laboratory data, concerning periods from the appearance of symptoms to death. In our series, exposure to asbestos, smoking history, localization of the lesion, pleural effusion and histologic type have no influence on the median survival from symptoms. However, the median survival from symptoms was significantly shorter in males, subjects more than 49 years of age, those having symptoms less than 6 months, those with a negative tuberculin skin test, or those with metastasis of the tumor compared with females, subjects less than 50 years of age, those having symptoms more than 6 months, those with a positive tuberculin skin test, or those without metastasis of the tumor, respectively. In subjects receiving surgery, anticancer chemotherapy, or no treatment, the fifty percent survival period was about 16, 9, or 6 months, respectively. There were, however, no significant relationships between the median survival from symptoms and the Brinkmann smoking index, or the median survival from symptoms and period of asbestos exposure.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Endothelin: a new inhibitor of renin release.

Endothelin is a recently-discovered vasoconstrictor peptide which is produced by endothelium and acts on vascular smooth muscle cells. At present its actions on other organs or cells are unknown. We studied the effect of endothelin on renin release in a dynamic superfusion system of dispersed rat juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Endothelin in concentrations of 10(-11) M or more inhibited renin release dose-dependently and this inhibitory action vanished in the absence of extracellular Ca. It is suggested that endothelin is an inhibitory regulator of renin secretion from JG cells and its action is Ca-dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on acid-base balance in rats with chronic renal failure.

We explored the effects of 12-hour infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-rANP:rat, 1-28) on arterial acid-base balance, using 5/6 nephrectomized rats with chronic renal failure. Before the infusion, nephrectomized rats had a higher mean arterial blood pressure, greater urine volume, and lower creatinine clearance than the normal controls, but they did not show a significant difference in arterial hydrogen ion concentration (pH), plasma bicarbonate concentration (HCO3-), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), plasma base excess (BE), or plasma ANP concentration. alpha-rANP infusion produced a continuous blood pressure reduction in both nephrectomized and control rats. Urine volume and urinary sodium and potassium excretion tended to increase at 2-hour infusion, but not at 12-hour infusion. In the controls alpha-rANP significantly increased pH from 7.47 to 7.50, and decreased PCO2 by 14%. In contrast, in nephrectomized rats alpha-rANP significantly decreased pH from 7.48 to 7.44, HCO3- by 13%, and BE from -0.07 to -3.22 meq/l. Rats with chronic renal failure had greater reduction in HCO3- than the controls (p less than 0.05). There was no difference in plasma ANP level between the two groups. Thus, it is indicated that the long-term infusion of alpha-rANP reduces pH in rats with chronic renal failure, thereby adversely affecting the acid-base balance.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1988

Immunotherapy of patients with terminal-stage malignant tumors with an immunopotentiator OK-432--a comparison of SU-PS test-responding and -nonresponding patients.

Terminal malignant tumor cases were treated with immunopotentiator OK-432. The absolute numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes and different lymphocyte subsets were determined, and SU-PS and PPD skin tests were also performed to monitor the immunologic status of each patient. The SU-PS test changed to positive in one-third of the patients 2-6 weeks after the start of therapy. The SU-PS responding patients showed an increase in lymphocytes and Leu II+ cells, and an elevation of the OK T4/T8 ratio 2 weeks later. In all patients from the responding group, the (OKIal+ - Bl+) cells decreased in the peripheral blood immediately after the positive change in the SU-PS test. In the SU-PS nonresponding group, the OKT4+ cells tended to decline with time, while the OKT8+ cells increased. That is, the OKT4/T8 ratio remained low throughout the test period. In the SU-PS responding group, OK-432 therapy prolonged the survival time.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1988

Environmental risk assessment of surfactants: fate and environmental effects in Lake Biwa basin.

Environmental risk incurred with the use of synthetic surfactants is dealt with in this paper. The background and necessity of risk management related to surfactant usage in the Lake Biwa basin are introduced, as well as a research scheme that acknowledges risks in three sub-processes--consumption and discharge, fate in aquatic environment, and ecotoxicological response of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). The ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) has been selected as the significant biological target in the basin. Results of a field survey of the behavior of LAS along streams flowing down to the lake are presented. Included are the estimation and verification of an original unit of surfactant consumption per capita per day based on LAS and MBAS concentrations observed in diurnal monitoring. A simulation model representing the flowdown process of LAS dynamically is formulated, with which longitudinal dispersion, settling, and modified biodegradation of LAS are evaluated in the field survey. On the basis of the research scheme described above, ecotoxicological laboratory tests on ayu have been carried out. The special significance of acute and subchronic effects on ayu in various life stages exposed to low concentrations of LAS can be recognized. It has been concluded that the LC50 of young ayu is not greater than 0.1 ppm under the disadvantageous condition of high temperature or extreme hardness even in normal ranges of environmental indicators. An advanced plan of risk management for surfactant usage is proposed based on methods of elevated risk, comparative risk, risk--benefit, and balanced risk. The occurrence and magnitude of risk phenomena in each subdivided basin adjacent to the lake are identified, taking into consideration features such as (1) the spawning place of ayu and aquafarms, (2) COD and MBAS concentrations and their tolerable levels in current regulation of stream pollution, (3) socioeconomic perspectives including recreational activities and voluntary actions to improve the neighborhood environment, and (4) future preparation of measures for resolving technological risk including sewerage construction. Because LAS concentrations in several rivers exceed the tolerable level of the most delicate life stage of ayu, latent environmental effects can be suggested. It is concluded therefore that it is necessary to establish a water quality goal related to surfactants that takes patterns of water use and conservation of the ecosystem in the local environment into consideration. These judgments are followed by formulation of the "requirement" for environmental management practice for the Lake Biwa administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pituitary and testicular response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in normal and sulpiride-induced hyperprolactinaemic men.

Pituitary and testicular response to an intravenous infusion of 480 micrograms luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) for 8 hours (1 microgram/min) was investigated in 8 male volunteers in normal and hyperprolactinaemic state. Eight normal men were given 150 mg of sulpiride daily for 14 days. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were elevated significantly, but basal serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) did not change following daily oral administration of sulpiride in 8 normal men. Eight men showed biphasic LH response to LHRH infusion in both normal and hyperprolactinaemic state, and there was a rather exaggerated response in serum LH concentration in hyperprolactinaemic state. Serum FSH response to LHRH was similar in normal and hyperprolactinaemic state. Although slight increase in serum testosterone concentration was observed during LHRH infusion in normal and hyperprolactinaemic state, the statistical difference was not significant. The result of the present study suggests that the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, as measured by serum gonadotrophin and testosterone responses, is well reserved.

Adult↗