Biomedical subjects

S Y Moon

Publications and source records attributed to S Y Moon.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

The outcome of sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection in patients with obstructive azoospermia: impact of previous tuberculous epididymitis.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to investigate the influence of previous tuberculous epididymitis in patients with obstructive azoospermia on the outcome of sperm retrieval and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: Eighty-eight cycles of ICSI were performed in 44 patients with obstructive azoospermia; 16 cycles (7 patients) with tuberculous obstructive azoospermia and 72 cycles (37 patients) with nontuberculous obstructive azoospermia. RESULTS: The rates of fertilization and embryo cleavage were comparable, and there was no significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate per fresh transfer between the two groups. The rates of embryo implantation and clinical miscarriage were also comparable. CONCLUSIONS: Embryo quality and pregnancy outcome in sperm retrieval and ICSI were comparable in both the tuberculous and the nontuberculous obstructive azoospermia patients. Although there was a preponderance of testicular sperm used in the tuberculous obstructive azoospermia group, our results suggest that previous tuberculous epididymitis in patients with obstructive azoospermia does not affect the outcome of sperm retrieval and ICSI.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

The relationship among circulating insulin-like growth factor components, biochemical markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women under the age of 60.

OBJECTIVES: The changes in circulating IGF components after the menopause and the potential role of new markers of bone turnover and circulating IGF components in predicting bone mass in postmenopausal women are still controversial and the relationship between these two systems has not been investigated. The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in circulating IGF components after the menopause, to evaluate whether new markers of bone turnover and circulating IGF components reflect bone mass in postmenopausal women under the age of 60 and to study the relationship between these two systems. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, osteocalcin (OST), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPYD) and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX) were measured in 31 premenopausal women aged 31-43 and 65 postmenopausal women aged 47-60: this latter group comprised 30 normal healthy women and 35 osteoporotic women. RESULTS: Compared with premenopausal women or normal postmenopausal women, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly lower in osteoporotic postmenopausal women while no significant differences in serum levels of IGF-II, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were observed. The correlations between bone turnover markers and circulating IGF components (except between serum BAP and IGF-II), and between bone turnover markers and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women were not significant. However, serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 correlated positively with BMD of the lumbar spine and/or Ward's triangle even if age, BMI and menopause duration were taken into account in a multiple regression analysis model. CONCLUSIONS: Circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 may be involved in the mechanism of bone loss in postmenopausal women under the age of 60. They may also provide indirect information on the current bone microenvironment different from that provided by new markers of bone turnover.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Detection of aneuploidy for chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X and Y by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in spermatozoa from nine patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Recent evidence suggests that infertile males donating semen for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be at an increased risk of transmitting numerical (predominantly sex chromosome) abnormalities to their offspring. The present study was designed to determine aneuploidy in spermatozoa from oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) patients undergoing ICSI. Aneuploidy frequencies of 12 autosomes and the sex chromosomes were determined by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) on spermatozoa from fresh ejaculate of nine severe OAT patients and four proven fertile donors. FISH, using directly labelled (fluorochrome-dUTP) satellite or contig DNA probes specific for chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X, and Y, was performed on decondensed spermatozoa. Per chromosome disomy frequencies for autosomes and sex chomosomes in OAT males were 0-5. 4%. In contrast, the disomy frequencies in controls were 0.05-0.2%. The frequency of diploid spermatozoa in OAT patients was 0.4-9.6%; controls showed a mean of 0.04%. Using recently developed formulae, the total aneuploidy in our OAT patient population was estimated to be 33-74%. In contrast, estimates of mean total aneuploidy in the spermatozoa of controls ranged from 4.1 to 7.7%, depending upon method of calculation. Six series of ICSI were performed on five of the OAT patients. Four resulted in no establishment of pregnancy; the others failed to establish ongoing pregnancies. Our cytogenetic data show significantly elevated frequencies of diploidy, autosomal disomy and nullisomy, sex chromosome aneuploidy, and total aneuploidy in OAT patients, which may contribute to the patients' infertility.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Chromosomal abnormalities in child psychiatric patients.

To determine the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in a child psychiatric population, and to evaluate possible associations between types of abnormalities and patient's clinical characteristics, cytogenetic examination was performed on 604 patients. Demographic data, reasons for karyotyping, clinical signs, and other patient characteristics were assessed and correlated with the results from karyotyping. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 69 patients (11.3%); these were structural in 49 cases and numerical in 20. Inversion of chromosome nine was found in 15 subjects, trisomy of chromosome 21 in 11, and fragile X in five patients. When karyotyping was performed because of intellectual impairment or multiple developmental delay, significantly more abnormalities were found than average; when performed because autistic disorder was suspected, the number of abnormalities was significantly fewer. There were no differences in clinical variables between structural and numerical abnormalities, nor among nine types of chromosomal abnormalities, except that numerical abnormalities and polymorphism were found at a later age, and that walking was more delayed and IQ was lower in patients with Down syndrome. Clinicians should be aware of the possible presence of chromosomal abnormalities in child psychiatric populations; the close collaboration with geneticists and the use of more defined guidelines for cytogenetic investigation are important.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization: a report on 1,118 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To review and evaluate a series of patients who underwent microsurgical anastomosis of previously sterilized fallopian tubes. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Tertiary care academic center. PATIENT(S): In the 134-month span from January 1980 to February 1991, 1,118 women were evaluated for microsurgical reversal of previous tubal sterilization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical characteristics of patients, pregnancy rates (PRs), and factors influencing the outcome. RESULT(S): Of 1,118 patients, 633 (56.6%) had been sterilized by laparoscopic cautery. Loss of children was a leading reason for requesting tubal reversal. The mean interval between tubal sterilization and reversal was 51.9 months. Nine hundred twenty-two (82.5%) patients were followed up for > 5 years. The overall PR after microsurgical tubal anastomosis was 54.8% (505 of 922) with a delivery rate of 72.5% (366 of 505), and the estimated anatomical success rate was 88.2% (814 of 922). There was no statistically significant difference in the PR or in the interval from tubal reversal to conception among the different operative procedure groups. In addition, no statistically significant difference in the PR was observed regardless of the postoperative tubal length. However, the interval from operation to pregnancy decreased significantly as the postoperative tubal length increased. The pregnant patients (n = 505) were younger and had a longer postoperative tube than the nonpregnant patients (n = 417); these differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION(S): The pregnancy rate after microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization was not significantly correlated with the method and duration of sterilization, the operative procedure, or the postoperative tubal length.

Fallopian Tube Patency Tests↗

PubMed1996

Simultaneous program of natural-cycle in vitro fertilization and cryopreserved-thawed embryo transfer.

PURPOSE: This clinical study was designed to identify and compare the pregnancy rates of simultaneous program of natural-cycle IVF and cryopreserved-thawed ET (NICE) with those of natural-cycle IVF and cryopreserved-thawed ET. METHODS: All three groups comprised spontaneously ovulating infertile women under the age of 40 and without any male factor present. The NICE program was performed in 36 patients (47 cycles) who had previously undergone IVF-ET resulting in cryopreserved embryos. As control groups, the natural-cycle IVF was performed in 45 patients (80 cycles), and the cryopreserved-thawed ET alone in 29 patients (40 cycles). RESULTS: The cancellation rate of the initiated cycles prior to ET was 19.1% (9/47) in the NICE group, 23.8% (19/80) in the natural-cycle IVF group, and 2.5% (1/40) in the cryopreserved-thawed ET group. The mean number of embryos transferred was 4.0 +/- 1.1 (2-5) in the NICE group, 1.0 in the natural-cycle IVF group, and 4.2 +/- 1.8 (1-5) in the cryopreserved-thawed ET group. The clinical pregnancy rates per aspiration cycle (32.5%) and per ET cycle (34.2%) in the NICE group were significantly higher than those (14.9, 16.4%) in the natural-cycle IVF group. The clinical and delivered pregnancy rates per ET (34.2, 26.3%) in the NICE group were higher than those (20.5, 15.4%) in the cryopreserved-thawed ET group, without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Since the NICE program results in saving the fresh oocyte for patients participating in cryopreserved-thawed ET, more favorable pregnancy rates may be obtained from NICE cycles in women ovulating normally who had previously undergone IVF-ET with embryo cryopreservation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Phylogenetic relationships of annelids, molluscs, and arthropods evidenced from molecules and morphology.

Annelids and arthropods have long been considered each other's closest relatives, as evidenced by similarities in their segmented body plans. An alternative view, more recently advocated by investigators who have examined partial 18S ribosomal RNA data, proposes that annelids, molluscs, and certain other minor phyla with trochophore larva stages share a more recent common ancestor with one another than any do with arthropods. The two hypotheses are mutually exclusive in explaining spiralian relationships. Cladistic analysis of morphological data does not reveal phylogentic relationships among major spiralian taxa but does suggest monophyly for both the annelids and molluscs. Distance and maximum-likelihood analyses of 18S rRNA gene sequences from major spiralian taxa suggest a sister relationship between annelids and molluscs and provide a clear resolution within the major groups of the spiralians. The parsimonious tree based on molecular data, however, indicates a sister relationship of the Annelida and Bivalvia, and an earlier divergence of the Gastropoda than the Annelida-Bivalvia clade. To test further hypotheses on the phylogenetic relationships among annelids, molluscs, and arthropods, and the ingroup relationships within the major spiralian taxa, we combine the molecular and morphological data sets and subject the combined data matrix to parsimony analysis. The resulting tree suggests that the molluscs and annelids form a monophyletic lineage and unites the molluscan taxa to a monophyletic group. Therefore, the result supports the Eutrochozoa hypothesis and the monophyly of molluscs, and indicates early acquisition of segmented body plans in arthropods.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Current status of assisted reproductive technology in Asia and Oceania.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the procedures and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology (ART) initiated in Asia-Oceanic region in 1992 and 1993. DESIGN: Data were collected on an annual summary form and submitted to the Reproductive Biology Committee of AOFOG. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve member countries of AOFOG submitted data on ART procedures performed in 1992 and 1993-Australia, Egypt, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Pakistan, Singapore, Taiwan, and Thailand. Data were collected in 1995 so that the outcomes of all pregnancies established would be known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical characteristics of patients, causes of infertility, protocols and outcomes of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH), and outcomes of clinical pregnancy including abortion, ectopic pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and congenital malformation were measured in each ART procedure. RESULTS: In 1992, 23,872 cycles of IVF-ET were performed with 21.8% clinical pregnancy rate (PR) per ET, 4,840 cycles of GIFT with 29.5% PR per transfer, 1,136 cycles of simultaneous IVF-ET and GIFT with 29.9% PR, and 1,563 cycles of ZIFT with 23.1% PR. Total 575 clinical pregnancies were achieved in cryopreserved ET program, 96 pregnancies in oocyte donation program, and 87 pregnancies in microassisted fertilization (MAF) program. In 1993, 24,571 cycles of IVF-ET were performed with 21.6% clinical PR per ET, 5,240 cycles of GIFT with 28.2% PR per transfer, 1,063 cycles of simultaneous IVF-ET and GIFT with 32.0% PR, 1,005 cycles of ZIFT with 21.6% PR, 5,562 cycles of cryopreserved ET program with 12.8% PR, and 2,198 cycles of MAF program with 11.6% PR. Total 117 clinical pregnancies were achieved in oocyte donation program. CONCLUSIONS: Although the concepts as well as the status and results of ART are continuously changing, this report may be helpful in planning the future of ART in Asia-Oceania by analyzing the past history.

Asia↗

PubMed1995

Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding an extracellular alkaline serine protease from Vibrio metschnikovii strain RH530.

The gene vapF, encoding VapT, one of the extracellular sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-resistant alkaline serine proteases (Serp) from the Gram- Vibrio metschnikovii strain RH530 has been cloned in Escherichia coli. The recombinant E. coli produced a protease which co-migrated with VapT on gelatin polyacrylamide gels. The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the cloned vapT revealed a single open reading frame of 1641 bp encoding 547 amino acids (aa) (58,961 Da). Upon analysis of the N-terminal aa sequence, VapT was shown to be processed properly in recombinant E. coli and to consist of 428 aa (45,626 Da). The deduced aa sequence of VapT showed significant sequence homology to subtilisin Carlsberg from Bacillus licheniformis, particularly in the regions containing active site residues and calcium-binding sites. VapT had an intervening region of approx. 149 aa between the His and Ser residues of the active site, as compared with other Serp.

Alkalies↗

PubMed1995

Autoimmune premature ovarian failure.

Premature ovarian failure (POF) may be caused by a variety of factors that result in the depletion of responsive ovarian follicles. There is a increasing body of evidence that suggests an autoimmune etiology in some POF patients. Data in support of an autoimmune etiology include: (1) lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration of the ovary and alteration of T cell subsets; (2) circulating autoantibodies to ovarian antigens; (3) association with other "autoimmune" disorders; (4) recovery of ovarian function after regression of autoimmune status. The mechanism for ovarian autoimmunity is unknown. Genetic or environmental factor might be involved in the stimuli inducing immune response. The possibility that major histocompatibility complex antigen and cytokines are implicated in human autoimmune POF has been proposed. The relative contribution of cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity remains obscure in animal models and in POF patients. Currently, in vitro fertilization and/or gamete intrafallopian transfer with donated oocytes are the best therapeutic options to achieve pregnancy although ovulation induction and immunosuppressive treatment might be used in approved experimental protocols. A newly developed double bridged enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) might be useful in screening POF patients to identify those for whom temporary treatments may improve fertility.

Antibodies↗

PubMed1995

Detection of antiendometrial antibodies in sera of patients with endometriosis by dual-colored, double-labeling immunohistochemical method and western blot.

PROBLEM: This study was undertaken to determine whether specific binding activities against endometrial proteins in sera of patients with endometriosis are detectable and, if so, to identify endometrial antigens involved in autoimmunity in endometriosis. METHOD: Sera from 33 patients with endometriosis and 20 cord sera (controls) were tested against endometria of patients and their protein extracts by dual-colored, double-labeling immunohistochemical method, and Western blotting. RESULTS: Antiendometrial binding activities were detected in sera of 2 (10.0%) control patients and 13 (48.2%) patients with endometriosis by the immunohistochemical method. Endogenous immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding to endometrial proteins had molecular weights (MW) of 26, 28, 54, 85, 107 and 116 kDa. Most sera of both control and patients showed reactivity against endometrial proteins with MW of 34, 36, 56 and 77 kDa. However, there were specific IgG autoantibodies reactive against the endometrial proteins of 71, 92, and 103 kDa in sera of 55.2% (16/29) of patients but not in the control sera. Over 80% (10/12) of patients' sera with binding activities detectable by the immunohistochemical method also tested positive by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that specific IgG antibodies reactive against endometrial antigens are detectable in sera from some patients with endometriosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA-encoding gene of the crustacean Philyra pisum: longer sequences of decapods in the V9 region.

The complete sequence of the 18S rRNA gene of Philyra pisum was determined by using PCR cloning and Taq sequencing. The sequence was compared with those known from other crustaceans. The decapods (Oedignathus inermis, Pugettia quadridens, Philyra pisum) were distinguished from the other crustaceans (Artemia salina, Bosmina longirostris, Diastylis sp.) by longer sequences (17-41 bp) in the V9 region.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

The present status of assisted reproductive technology in Asia-Oceania.

This is a survey on the present status of assisted reproductive technology in the Asia-Oceanic region. The survey formats were sent to the 19-member societies of AOFOG. By the end of August 1991, 11 countries responded: Australia, Egypt, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Republic of China, Singapore and Thailand. This report is a summary of data from 12 countries including Korea. It comprised of 14 headings: IVF, GIFT, AIH, AID, donor sperm in ART, donor eggs in ART, preembryos from IVF for donation, cryopreservation of eggs, cryopreservation of fertilized eggs and preembryos, research of preembryos, surrogate mothers, additional procedures, quality assurance in reproductive technology and formation of policy for emerging reproductive technology. Each heading is composed of status of regulations, cost and coverage and the results and management of program.

Asia, Southeastern↗

PubMed1993

Fragile site X chromosomes in mentally retarded boys.

The fragile X syndrome is a common X-linked mental retardation and autism, affecting females as well as males. The fragile site X chromosomes were studied in a series of 153 mentally retarded boys of unknown etiology to determine the frequency of fragile X syndrome, and to assess the feasibility of making a clinical diagnosis of the fragile X syndrome in young boys before cytogenetic results were known. The 10 boys (6.4%) were positive for fra (X) (q27). The phenotype of fra (X) (q27) positive patients were typical except one who also had sex chromosomal mosaicism. There were three pairs of siblings among the fra (X) (q27) positive patients. Frequency of expression of the fragile site was in 10 to 47 per cent of cells. In addition, 19 boys showed a previously unsuspected chromosomal abnormality. The frequency of the fragile X syndrome in the present study is not significantly different from those in Caucasians and Japanese population. The fragile X syndrome can be recognized by noting key aspects of family history as well as the clinical features in mentally retarded boys.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Oocyte donation program using a simplified hormonal regimen.

It has been well recognized that both the synchronization of luteinizing hormone (LH) surge between the donor and the recipient for normally cycling women and the complex steroid replacement regimen given on a sequential and incremental basis for women with primary or secondary ovarian failure are two important aspects in oocyte donation. In oocyte donation program at SNUH, a simplified hormonal regimen applicable both to normally cycling women and to those with ovarian failure which consisted of administering 2 mg estradiol (E2) valerate orally 3 times a day augmented with 100 mg progesterone (P) in oil intramuscularly daily starting on the day preceding the oocyte retrieval from the donor was utilized. From July 1988 to December 1989 at SNUH, 11 cycles of oocyte donation program in 10 infertile patients were undertaken and 5 patients succeeded in pregnancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The efficacy of a combination administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and gonadotropins for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in IVF program.

In 105 patients with the past history of poor response to the previous controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) due to poor follicular growth or premature LH surge, the efficacy of pituitary suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) in IVF/GIFT program was evaluated in 112 cycles of COH using a combination regimen of leuprolide acetate (Lupron) and FSH/hMG or pure FSH from May to December, 1989. After suppression phase, serum E2 and progesterone levels decreased significantly, but there was no change in serum LH and FSH levels. There was no occurrence of premature LH surge during COH. Eleven cycles (9.8%) were cancelled, and 3 cycles (3.0%) failed in the transvaginal oocytes retrieval. The 7.00 +/- 3.32 follicles (FD greater than or equal to 12 mm) were observed, and 6.11 +/- 4.15 oocytes were retrieved. The 3.59 +/- 2.57 oocytes were fertilized and cleaved with the cleavage rate of 55.7%. In 83 IVF patients, 4.08 +/- 2.39 embryos were transferred, and 16 pregnancies were obtained with the pregnancy rate per ET of 19.3%. In 6 GIFT patients, 7.83 +/- 3.31 oocytes were available for transfer. When compared with the previous 108 cycles, the cancellation rate during COH was decreased and all the parameters of the outcome of COH including the pregnancy rate were increased. These data suggest that GnRHa therapy for pituitary suppression is an effective adjunct to the current gonadotropin regimens for COH in IVF/GIFT and can increase the probability of oocytes retrieval and pregnancy, especially in the previous poor responders.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Factors affecting penetration of zona-free hamster ova.

The sperm penetration assay is an expensive, time-consuming test to assess male fertility in vitro. Although some investigators are enthusiastic in its application, others feel that it is not sensitive or specific enough to be used as part of the routine infertility evaluation. Indeed, this bioassay is not a faithful reproduction of in vivo conditions. However, if the SPA is abnormal, it is unlikely that sperm will fertilize a human ovum in vivo. Conversely, a normal SPA does not guarantee successful in vivo fertilization. No bioassay can be absolute in its predictive value, but false-negative results must be kept to a minimum for this bioassay to be of any clinical significance. Each laboratory performing the SPA should optimize the assay for sensitivity, reproducibility, and minimization of false-negative results and then establish normal and abnormal ranges of its own. If the limitations of the SPA are kept in mind, and if we employ it very selectively, it may still be useful.

Female↗

PubMed1988

Implantation potential of each pre-embryo in multiple pregnancies obtained by in vitro fertilization seems to be different.

Endometrial receptivity and pre-embryo quality are the main factors determining embryo implantation in in vitro fertilization. If one embryo implants normally and goes to term, the endometrium can be assumed to be normal. Eighty-one patients (March 1981 to 1987) had transfers of multiple pre-embryos, resulting in multiple pregnancies with at least one reaching term. The number of gestational sacs at 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy, at 20 weeks, and the number of term pregnancies were studied longitudinally. Twelve patients (14.8%) had 2 pre-embryos transferred, 19 (23.5%) had 3, 21 (25.9%) had 4, 17 (21.0%) had 5, 9 (11.1%) had 6, and 3 (3.7%) had 7. At 20 weeks 18 patients (22.2%) had a single viable fetus, 56 (69.1%) had twins, 6 (7.4%) had triplets, and 1 (1.2%) had quadruplets. A total of 325 pre-embryos were transferred; 178 gestational sacs were observed at 8 to 12 weeks, but only 153 showed fetal heartbeat. Total embryo loss at 8 to 12 weeks was 53.0%; when the "index" embryo was excluded, it reached 61%. Regardless of the number of pre-embryos transferred, only 2.2 embryos on average were able to establish a normal pregnancy. (A)synchronism of the pre-embryos did not affect outcome. Results suggest that with normal endometrial receptivity, the implantation potential of each pre-embryo is different.

Embryo Transfer↗