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Biomedical subjects

S Y Chu

Publications and source records attributed to S Y Chu.

123 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

A simple method for "reference range" estimation from routine laboratory data.

A simplified method is presented to estimate reference ranges from hospital laboratory data. It is based on a combination of graphical estimation of relative sizes of normal and abnormal populations and the "mode-center" concept in which the mode of the total population centers on the 50% cumulative frequency of the normal population. This method can be applied to determine reference ranges even though the data source contains abnormally high and/or low values. The reference ranges obtained for BUN and calcium from in-patient and out-patient sources by this method were found to be similar to those reported for "healthy" subjects.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of substituents on the thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities of HCGeX (X = H, CH3, F, and Cl) isomers. A theoretical study.

The effect of substitution on the potential energy surfaces of HC identical to GeX (X = H, CH3, F, and Cl) were explored using density functional theory (B3LYP) and QCISD methods. The theoretical findings suggest that (H)(X)C = Ge: is the minimum on the singlet potential energy surface, regardless of the substituents (X) used. On the other hand, HC identical to GeX and XC identical to GeH are found to be local minima on the surface, but they are neither kinetically nor thermodynamically stable.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of pentoxifylline on intraperitoneal adhesions after intestinal resection in rats.

Pentoxifylline, an analogue of the methylxanthine theobromine, inhibits glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis by dermal fibroblasts in vitro and also inhibits the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. It may have the same effect on fibroblasts derived from postoperative adhesion bands, thus preventing postoperative adhesion formation. An animal model was developed to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, and all underwent laparotomy with a 15 cm intestinal resection and reanastomosis. The intestinal serosa was scratched to induce adhesion formation. No medication was given in group 1 rats, group 2 rats received 6 mL normal saline by intraoperative peritoneal irrigation, group 3 rats received 6 mL pentoxifylline solution (1 mg/mL) by intraperitoneal irrigation and group 4 rats received both 6 mL intraoperative pentoxifylline solution (1 mg/mL) irrigation and 50 mg/kg pentoxifylline by intramuscular injection, twice a day for 14 days. All rats were sacrificed 2 weeks later. The numbers of fibrous bands at and away from the anastomotic site were recorded and scored. The score for each rat was calculated as the sum of the scores for each band. The strength and the extent of the fibrous bands were also measured and compared. The scores of adhesion bands at the anastomotic site were significantly reduced in group 3 and group 4 rats when compared with group 1 rats. However, there were no significant differences among the 4 groups in the extent and strength of adhesions at sites other than the anastomosis site.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessing HIV risk among women who have sex with women: scientific and communication issues.

Data on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk faced by women who have sex with women (WSW) are scarce. The biologic risk of female-to-female transmission is not known. Several surveys have reported that certain groups of WSW engage in behaviors that put them at risk for HIV infection, such as unprotected sex with men, unprotected sex or sharing of sex toys with women, and injection drug use. WSW may also be at risk for HIV through use of unscreened semen from sources other than sperm banks. An evaluation of HIV risk behaviors among WSW has been hampered by methodological issues, such as lack of data about the extent of the population, the use of standard definitions in research, and the design of data collection instruments. HIV prevention efforts have been hampered by communication issues, such as what "safer sex" means to this population and difficulties in interactions with health care providers. Prevention interventions for this population must address behaviors that put WSW at risk for HIV infection, including injection drug use and unprotected penile sex. At the same time, the possibility of sexual transmission of HIV via female-to-female sex should not be discounted. Health providers should understand that sexual identity does not necessarily predict sexual behavior and should not make any assumptions regarding HIV risk based on self-reported or presumed sexual identity.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Socioeconomic differences among people with AIDS: results from a Multistate Surveillance Project.

To characterize the socioeconomic status of persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 11 U.S. state and city health departments interviewed 2,898 persons > or = 18 years of age reported with AIDS between June 1, 1990, and January 31, 1993. Among men who have sex with men, white men reported the lowest percentage (9%), and Central/South American (50%) and Mexican men (40%) reported the highest percentages not completing 12 years of school. Among intravenous drug users (IDUs), 35% of white men, 64% of black men, 67% of Puerto Rican men, 29% of white women, and 63% of black women had not completed 12 years of school. Overall, 77% of the men and 90% of the women were unemployed; we also found racial/ethnic differences by employment but to a lesser degree than differences in education. Among women, but not among men, differences in household income by race and ethnicity were marked; 76% of white and 91% of black female IDUs reported a household income of $10,000. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programs must be targeted toward the educational level of the populations served, and HIV services must adapt to the financial circumstances of their clientele.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗