[More attention to the diversity of clinical outcome in Helicobacter pylori].
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Genetic Variation↗
Biomedical subjects
S Xiao
Publications and source records attributed to S Xiao.
Supersensitivity to serotonin- and histamine-induced arterial contraction following ovariectomy.
The modulating role of estrogens and ovariectomy on coronary artery and thoracic aortic rings was examined in female rabbits. Three treatment groups were studied: (1) control, (2) ovariectomy, and (3) ovariectomy + 17beta-estradiol acetate (40 microg/kg per day, i.m. for 7 days). Coronary artery reactivity was studied in the isolated retrogradely perfused heart. Aortic reactivity was studied using endothelium intact and denuded aortic rings. Concentration-response curves were performed to serotonin (5-HT) and histamine. A 21-fold, a 4.7-fold, and a 5.2-fold increase in sensitivity to 5-HT-induced contraction were observed in the ovariectomy group compared to the control group for coronary artery, intact aortic, and denuded aortic preparations, respectively (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Similarly, 34-fold, 4.9-fold, and 5.0-fold increases in sensitivity to histamine-induced contraction were observed in the ovariectomy group compared to control group for coronary artery, intact aortic, and denuded aortic preparations, respectively (P < 0.05 for each comparison). 17beta-Estradiol administration reversed the supersensitivity to serotonin- and histamine-induced vascular contraction observed following ovariectomy. No differences in EC50 or maximal contraction were noted between control and ovariectomy + estrogen groups. Baseline nitric oxide release and maximal 5-HT- and histamine-induced nitric oxide release from the perfused heart were decreased (P < 0.05) in ovariectomy rabbits compared to control and ovariectomy + estrogen treatment groups. The data demonstrate that (1) reduced autacoid-induced nitrous oxide release following ovariectomy and (2) direct effects upon the vascular smooth muscle contractility, which are probably mediated by altered receptor sensitivity by ovariectomy and estrogen replacement therapy. The information obtained from this study provides additional information regarding possible beneficial actions of estrogen replacement therapy in post-menopausal women.
Acetylcholine↗
Prolonged vs transient roles for early cell cycle signaling components.
Both p21ras and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-k) are critical elements in signaling pathways mediating insulin/IGF-I induced cell cycle progression. For example, microinjection of antibodies, peptides, or recombinant proteins which block the interaction of the SH2 domains of the PI 3-k p85alpha subunit with tyrosine phosphorylated intracellular targets blocks insulin mediated DNA synthesis. We report here that this inhibitory phenotype is observed whether the injections are made into quiescent cells (the standard approach), or at any time point during G1 phase subsequent to stimulation. This observation is not true, however, for the major substrate of the insulin/IGF-I receptor (IRS-1) despite the well known interaction of p85 with IRS-1. Antibodies to IRS-1 are inhibitory only when injected during the first 15 min of G1 phase, as are antibodies to another major IRS-1 binding protein, the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. We also have microinjected reagents which target proteins involved in the formation of rasGTP and which mediate some of the downstream effects of ras activation. Reagents which target the formation of rasGTP (Shc and dominant negative ras protein) inhibit DNA synthesis only at points early in G1, as do reagents which target components of the MAP kinase pathway. Injection of antibodies to p21ras itself, or a recombinant Raf-1 protein domain which binds to the effector region of ras in a GTP-dependent manner, results in the inhibition of cell cycle progression throughout G1 phase. The results point to a continuous requirement for both PI 3-k and ras activity until cellular commitment to DNA synthesis, although some of the molecules which are both upstream and downstream of these activities are only required transiently. Our results are also consistent with a Raf-1 independent ras activity late in G1, as well as IRS-1 independent effects of PI 3-kinase.
3T3 Cells↗
Left to right extracardial shunt to control hemorrhage of ascending aorta and left ventricle: a report of 3 cases.
Presented in this paper are 3 cases of hemorrhage of ascending aorta and left ventricle after open heart surgery treated by extracardial bypass in our hospital from Oct. 1994 to Dec. 1995. Remained aneurysmal wall enclosing conduit graft was used as a sac bypassed to right atrium to form a extracardial left-to-right shunt in order to control bleeding and the results turned out to be satisfactory. The bypass and hemodynamically ignorable shunt can close spontaneously without complications with recovery of coagulation system. The technique may find wide application in clinical practice.
Adult↗
Subtracted, unique-sequence, in situ hybridization: experimental and diagnostic applications.
Nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, particularly in cancer, identify pathogenic biological pathways and, in some cases, have clinical relevance as diagnostic or prognostic markers. Fluorescence and colorimetric in situ hybridization methods facilitate identification of numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. We report the development of robust, unique-sequence in situ hybridization probes that have several novel features: 1) they are constructed from multimegabase contigs of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones; 2) they are in the form of adapter-ligated, short-fragment, DNA libraries that may be amplified by polymerase chain reaction; and 3) they have had repetitive sequences (eg, Alu and LINE elements) quantitatively removed by subtractive hybridization. These subtracted probes are labeled conveniently, and the fluorescence or colorimetric detection signals are extremely bright. Moreover, they constitute a stable resource that may be amplified through at least four rounds of polymerase chain reaction without diminishing signal intensity. We demonstrate applications of subtracted probes for the MYC and EWS oncogene regions, including 1) characterization of a novel EWS-region translocation in Ewing's sarcoma, 2) identification of chromosomal translocations in paraffin sections, and 3) identification of chromosomal translocations by conventional bright-field microscopy.
Burkitt Lymphoma↗
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma t(12;15) is associated with ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion: cytogenetic and molecular relationship to congenital (infantile) fibrosarcoma.
Morphological, cytogenetic, and biological evidence supports a relationship between congenital (infantile) fibrosarcoma (CFS) and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN). These tumors have a very similar histological appearance, and they are both associated with polysomies for chromosomes 8, 11, 17, and 20. Recently, CFS was shown to contain a novel t(12; 15)(p13;q25) translocation resulting in ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. The aims of this study were to determine whether congenital mesoblastic nephroma contains the t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation and ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion and whether ETV6-NTRK3 fusions, in CMN and CFS, antedate acquisition of nonrandom chromosome polysomies. To address these aims, we evaluated 1) ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcripts by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis, 2) genomic ETV6-region chromosomal rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and 3) chromosomal polysomies by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We report ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcripts and/or ETV6-region rearrangement in five of six CMNs and in five of five CFSs. The ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcripts and/or ETV-region chromosome rearrangements were demonstrated in two CMNs and one CFS that lacked chromosome polysomies. These findings demonstrate that t(12;15) translocation, and the associated ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, can antedate acquisition of chromosome polysomies in CMN and CFS. CMN and CFS are pathogenetically related, and it is likely that they represent a single neoplastic entity, arising in either renal or soft tissue locations.
Artificial Gene Fusion↗
FGFR1 is fused with a novel zinc-finger gene, ZNF198, in the t(8;13) leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome.
Various histological subtypes of leukaemia and lymphoma are associated with diagnostic chromosome translocations, and substantial strides have been made in determining the specific oncogenes targetted by those translocations. We report the cloning of a novel fusion oncogene associated with a unique leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome. Patients afflicted with this syndrome present with lymphoblastic lymphoma and a myeloproliferative disorder, often accompanied by pronounced peripheral eosinophilia and/or prominent eosinophilic infiltrates in the affected bone marrow, which generally progress to full-blown acute myelogenous leukaemia within a year of diagnosis. A specific chromosome translocation, t(8;13)(p11;q11-12), is found in both lymphoma and myeloid leukaemia cells from these patients, supporting bi-lineage differentiation from a transformed stem cell. We find that the 8p11 translocation breakpoints, in each of four patients, interrupt intron 8 of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 gene (FGFR1). These translocations are associated with aberrant transcripts in which four predicted zinc-finger domains, contributed by a novel and widely expressed chromosome-13 gene (ZNF198), are fused to the FGFR1 tyrosine-kinase domain. Transient expression studies show that the ZNF198-FGFR1 fusion transcript directs the synthesis of an approximately 87-kD polypeptide, localizing predominantly to the cytoplasm. Our studies demonstrate an FGFR1 oncogenic role and suggest a tumorigenic mechanism in which ZNF198-FGFR1 activation results from ZNF198 zinc-finger-mediated homodimerization.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
The relationship between objective life status and subjective life satisfaction with quality of life.
A locally developed quality of life inventory was used to examine the relationship between objective life status and subjective satisfaction with quality of life in 8,550 participants from Hunan, China. The inventory included 112 items in 4 dimensions-physical health, psychological health, social functional status, and living conditions. Objective life status was the principal factor affecting subjective satisfaction, but discrepancies were found in some participants, especially when objective status was at the extremes of the distribution. Young, urban, or more educated participants with higher scores on objective status often had lower subjective satisfaction scores in spite of comparatively high objective status scores. Participants who ranked lower on objective status (old, rural, or less educated people) sometimes ranked higher in subjective satisfaction. Scores for subjective satisfaction always showed a normal distribution, whatever the objective satisfaction of the population. Divergence between individual objective status and subjective satisfaction was associated with hierarchy of life needs and the reference standards used for the comparison.
Adult↗
Taoistic cognitive psychotherapy for neurotic patients: a preliminary clinical trial.
Taoistic cognitive psychotherapy is a cognitive therapy based on Taostic philosophy of life and health. The present preliminary study aims to test clinical significance of the Taoistic cognitive psychotherapy, indicates that type A behavior patterns distorted values and psychopathologies can be improved after a short period (4 weeks) of Taoistic cognitive psychotherapy. The theoretical basis of this psychotherapy is also briefly introduced.
Adult↗
Psychoactive substance use in three sites in China: gender differences and related factors.
One year prevalence rates for psychoactive substance use are reported based on community surveys performed in three sites in China: Hunan, Heilongjiang and Jiangsu. The data were gathered on more than 14,000 respondents (15-65 years old). The drinking rates were from 58.3 to 82.6% for men and from 16.3 to 31.4% for women. Smoking rates range from 64.9 to 68.1% for men and from 0.1 to 20.5% for women. Most drinkers were light users and most smokers were heavy users. Illicit drug use was observed at Hunan. Regarding frequency and quantity of psychoactive substance use, women are lighter consumers than their male counterparts except for use of minor tranquilizers and analgesics. The psychosocial factors related to drinking and smoking were also investigated in this study.
Adolescent↗
Protective immunity in mice elicited by living infective third-stage hookworm larvae (Shanghai strain of Ancylostoma caninum).
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanisms of protective immunity in mice elicited by living hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum third-stage infective larvae (L3). METHODS: The number of migrating infective larvae recovered from the lungs was used as an endpoint for vaccine immunity. The timing of maximal L3 lung entry was determined by counting the number of lung larvae at several time points after infection with 500 or 1000 L3. Mice were immunized either orally or subcutaneously with 500 L3, followed by two boosts of L3 once every two weeks. The immunized mice were challenged orally with 500 L3 one week after the final boost. To evaluate the protective immunity, the number of L3 recovered from the lungs of the immunized mice during the time of maximal larval entry was compared with that of controls. Host immunity was also evaluated by comparing circulating anti-L3 antibodies between immunized and controlled mice, using both enzyme immunoassays and immunoblotting techniques, and by lung histopathology. RESULTS: The peak time of larval entry into the lungs occurred 48 hours after infection. Mice immunized either orally or subcutaneously with L3 exhibited a marked reduction (90.2% and 86.2% respectively) in the number of recovered lung larvae in comparison to controls (P < 0.01). The protection might be associated with circulating anti-L3 antibodies, including antibodies directed against 132-200 kDa L3 antigens, as well as three major antigens ranging from 28 to 51 kDa. Larvae migrating through the lungs of vaccinated mice showed cuticular damages accompanied with host-inflammatory cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Immunization with living L3 protects mice against lung invasion after challenged with hookworm infection. Vaccine immunity is associated with circulating antibodies against L3 antigens and lung inflammatory responses. The mouse model is potentially useful for developing a hookworm vaccine.
Ancylostoma↗
Preventive effect of artemether on schistosome infection.
OBJECTIVE: To study the preventive effect of artemether (Art) in protecting the people from schistosome infection during flood fighting in schistosomiasis endemic area of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province. METHODS: From mid July to mid August in 1996, the water level in Poyang Lake rose due to torrential rains and 2 embankments, Zhedi and Jiangtongdi, which appeared in dangerous situation and were selected as the pilot spots. After those who went to fight against flood arrived at the pilots their sera were collected within 48 hours and were examined with indirect hemagglutination test (IHA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and McAb-ELISA. Individuals with negative outcome in the 3 tests were then selected as the study subjects and were allocated randomly to the Art or the control group. The first dose of Art given to the individuals contacted with the infested water within 11-15 days was 6 mg/kg. If the individual continually contacted the infested water, the same dose of Art was given once every 15 days. After the individuals withdrew from the pilot, one more dose of Art was administered 7-15 days later. Placebo (starch) was given to individuals in the control group at the same period as in artemether group. Stool examinations were made in both groups 40-50 days after the last medication for evaluation of the preventive effect of artemether. Double blind method was used in the administration of both artemether and placebo. RESULTS: In Zhedi pilot, the individuals fought against flood for about 1 month. In Art group, 99 individuals receiving 3 doses of the drug completed the stool examination with egg-positive rate of 4% and no acute schistosomiasis was seen. In the control group, among 110 people who completed the observation, 44 were egg-positive with an infection rate of 40%, and 29 were identified as having acute schistosomiasis. In Jiangtondi, the studied individuals contacted the infested water for only about 4 hours. But in the control group 4 out of 102 individuals were egg-positive, while none of the 103 individuals in Art group receiving 2 doses of the drug showed schistosome infection. No apparent side effect was seen in the people treated with artemether. CONCLUSION: After oral Art was given to the people fighting against flood in schistosomiasis endemic area of Poyang Lake, it was shown that the oral Art has a promising effect on controlling acute schistosomiasis and reducing the infection rate.
Adolescent↗
[Effects of erythropoietin or nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor on hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhotic rats].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of erythropoietin or nitric oxide synthesis (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on hyperdynamic circulatory state in rats with cirrhosis. METHODS: Cirrhotic rat model was made. Cirrhotic rats were treated with NOS inhibitor L-NAME (0.5 mg.kg-1.d-1) by gavage or with erythropoietin (100 U/kg) injected subcutaneously for two weeks. The hemodynamic parameters in cirrhotic rats treated with L-NAME or with erythropoietin were determined by using 57Co-labled microsphere technique. Serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were also measured by using a fluorometric assay. RESULTS: Hyperdynamic circulatory state was observed in all rats with cirrhosis. Serum NO levels in cirrhotic rats were significantly higher than that in normal controls. Hyperdynamic circulation status in cirrhotic rats treated with erythropoietin or with L-NAME was markedly attenuated. As compared with untreated-cirrhotic rats, serum NO concentration in erythropoietin-treated and L-NAME-treated cirrhotic rats were significantly lower. CONCLUSION: L-NAME treatment could reverse the hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhotic rats which might be ameliorated by inactivation of overproduced NO by increasing hemoglobin with erythropoietin.
Animals↗
Cathepsin B on invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of cathepsin B (CB) in human gastric carcinoma tissue. METHODS: The expression of CB in human gastric tissue was studied by using monospecific polyclonal rabbit antibody raised against human liver CB for immunohistochemistry, and full length cDNA of CB for in situ hybridization and dot blot. RESULTS: CB overexpression in gastric carcinoma was found when compared with non-neoplastic gastric tissue at both mRNA and protein levels. Diffuse cytoplasmic CB staining of mRNA and protein were identified in malignant cells of 53.3% and 69.1% of gastric adenocarcinoma respectively. The increased staining of CB in malignant cells was associated with the depth of the invasiveness and growth pattern as well as metastasis of lymph nodes, but not with the histological classification. It was also found that there were the expression of CB in stromal cells of the tumor and the expression localized mainly in the endothelial cells of the microvessels which correlated with angiogenesis. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the expression of CB in gastric carcinoma is related to tumor progression, and leads to development of the invasive phenotype.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Significance of bcl-2 gene breaking and bcl-2 protein expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma].
In order to study the relationship between bcl-2 gene and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The two hot breakpoints of bcl-2 gene and bcl-2 protein expression were examined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry technique in 41 nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) tissues. bcl-2 gene breakpoint were found in 4 cases of NPC(positive rate 9.8%). 34 cases of NPC expressed bcl-2 protein, the positive incidence was 82.9%. No statistically significant differences was found in histological grades. All benign lesions were negative for bcl-2 gene breaking and bcl-2 protein expression. There was no corresponding relation between bcl-2 protein expression and bcl-2 gene breaking. The results implicated that bcl-2 gene breaking may not play an important role in the pathogenesis of NPC. It also suggested that overexpression of bcl-2 protein may involved in carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal epithelium.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
[Protease inhibitory activities of nasal secretion on house dust mite allergen].
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the interaction of protease inhibitors and house dust mite allergen in vitro. METHODS: Nasal secretion was collected by suction from patients with house dust mite nasal allergy, diluted immediately with PBS pH 7.0, mixed with vortex for 10 minutes, and then centrifuged at 2,000 g for 10 minutes. The supernatant was kept at -80 degrees C for use. Synthetic low molecular weight fluorogenic peptide substrates were applied to evaluate protease activities. Crude mite extract and other proteases were used, each of them was preincubated in the presence or absence of nasal fluid or other protease inhibitors at 37 degrees C for 30 minutes. The intensity of fluorescence of aminomethylcoumarin released from the cleaved substrate was measured. RESULTS: Nasal fluid exhibited mild trypsin-like and other protease activities. It inhibited the activities of trypsin and trypsin-like serine proteases and papain-like cysteine proteases in crude mite extract in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Nasal fluid possibly plays a role in inhibiting penetration of allergen into the nasal mucosa by producing protease inhibitor-protease complex in the nasal mucus layer of patients with mite allergy.
Adolescent↗
[Multiple primary cancers in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate into the incidence of the multiple primary cancers in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinomas retrospectively. METHODS: Records of 309 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of hypopharynx and larynx during a 16 year period between 1980 and 1995 were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 101(32.7%) second primary cancers were found in 79(25.6%) patients. Among them, 76(75.3%) second primary cancers were found in the aerodigestive tract. Patients with hypopharyngeal cancer showed higher incidence of second esophageal (23/55, 41.8%) and gastric (12/55, 21.9%) carcinomas than those with laryngeal cancers, while glottic cancer patients (7/112, 6.3%) showed higher tendency to develop lung cancer than the hypopharyngeal cancer patients. Higher incidence was also observed for second primary cancers of mesopharyngeal, esophageal and gastric cancers in primary supraglottic cancer than in glottic cancer patients. Seventeen of 23(73.9%) patients with hypopharyngeal cancers had second primary esophageal cancers and 6 of 12 (50%) had second gastric cancers. Endoscopy with Lugol dye staining can detect clinically asymptomatic early esophageal and gastric cancers. CONCLUSION: Lugol dye endoscopy is indispensable and should be applied for routine screening of synchronous or metachronous carcinoma of aerodigestive tract once the hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers were diagnosed.
Adult↗
Effect of artemether on hexokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphofructokinase of Schistosoma japonicum harbored in mice.
AIM: To study the effect of artemether (Art) on hexokinase (HK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) of Schistosoma japonicum. METHODS: Mice infected with schistosome cercariae for 4-5 wk were treated ig with Art 100 or 300 mg.kg-1 and killed 24 h or 48 h after medication for collection of schistosomes. The activities of HK, GPI and PFK of the worms were determined by measuring the formation of NADPH or consumption of NADH. RESULTS: Worms from the infected mice treated ig with Art at a single dose of 300 mg.kg-1 the inhibition rates of HK activity of female and male worms were 33.7% and 13.7%, respectively 24 h after administration. Similar results were seen in GPI activity, but 48 h after medication, the inhibition rate of GPI increased to 46.2% (female) and 32.9% (male), respectively. Worms from mice treated with Art 100 or 300 mg.kg-1, the inhibitory effect on PFK in female worms was found much higher than that of male worms the inhibition rates of PFK were 64.9%-71.0% in female worms and 16.3%-54.2% in male worms, respectively at 24 h and 48 h after treatment. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in the glycolytic pathway of schistosome PFK might be one of the targets attacked by Art.
Animals↗