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S X Xu

Publications and source records attributed to S X Xu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Four new saponins from the root bark of Aralia elata.

Four new saponins, 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-16a lpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (called aralia-saponin I), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-16a lpha-hydroxyhederagenin 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (aralia-saponin II), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-alpha-L-+ ++arabinopyranosyl]-16alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (aralia-saponin III), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta-D-gucopyranosyl(1-->3)-beta -D-glucucopyranosyl]-16alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (aralia-saponin IV), were isolated from the root bark of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem., together with nineteen known compounds including glycosides of (20S)-protopanaxadiol and (20S)-protopanaxatriol. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopy methods.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed2000

Affinities, selectivities, potencies, and intrinsic activities of natural and synthetic prostanoids using endogenous receptors: focus on DP class prostanoids.

The prostanoid receptor-subtype binding affinities, selectivities, potencies, and intrinsic activities of four natural prostanoids and six synthetic DP class prostanoids were determined using binding and functional assays with endogenous receptors. SQ27986 exhibited the highest affinity for the human platelet DP receptor and the best DP receptor selectivity profile. Prostaglandin (PG)D(2) was the least DP receptor-selective. The rank order of compound affinities at the DP receptor was SQ27986 (K(i) = 10 +/- 2 nM) > RS93520 = ZK110841 = BW245C (K(i) = 23-26 nM) > ZK118182 (K(i) = 50 +/- 9 nM) > PGD(2) (K(i) = 80 +/- 5 nM). DP receptor agonists produced cAMP in embryonic bovine tracheal fibroblasts with different potencies (EC(50) values in nM): ZK118182 (18 +/- 6), RS93520 (28 +/- 6), SQ27986 (29 +/- 7), ZK110841 (31 +/- 7), BW245C (53 +/- 16), and PGD(2) (98 +/- 10). BW245C was more efficacious and RS93520 was less efficacious than PGD(2). ZK110841 and ZK118182 exhibited a relatively high potency at the adenylyl cyclase-coupled EP(2) receptor in human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells but were partial agonists. None of the DP class agonists showed any EP(4) receptor functional activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The DP receptor antagonist BWA868C competitively antagonized the PGD(2)-induced cAMP accumulation in embryonic bovine tracheal fibroblast cells (pA(2) = 7.83 +/- 0.08). The dissociation constants for BWA868C antagonizing PGD(2)-, BW245C-, and ZK118182-induced cAMP production were quite similar (apparent -log K(b) = 7.9-8.2, n = 5-9). The pharmacological properties of some natural and numerous DP class synthetic prostanoids have been determined using endogenous receptors.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1999

Inhibition of histamine-induced human conjunctival epithelial cell responses by ocular allergy drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of topical ocular drugs with histamine H1-antagonist activity on histamine-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover and interleukin (IL) 6 and IL-8 secretion from human conjunctival epithelial cells. METHODS: Primary human conjunctival epithelial cell cultures were stimulated with histamine in the presence or absence of test drugs. Phosphatidylinositol turnover was quantified by ion exchange chromatography and cytokine content of supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Antazoline hydrochloride, emedastine difumarate, levocabastine hydrochloride, olopatadine hydrochloride, and pheniramine maleate attenuated histamine-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover and IL-6 and IL-8 secretion. Emedastine was the most potent in ligand binding, phosphatidylinositol turnover, and IL-6 secretion, with dissociation constant and 50% inhibitory concentrations of 1-3 nmol/L. Olopatadine, antazoline, and pheniramine exhibited similar H1-binding affinities (32-39 nmol/L). However, olopatadine was approximately 10-fold more potent as an inhibitor of cytokine secretion (50% inhibitory concentration, 1.7-5.5 nmol/L) than predicted from binding data, while antazoline and pheniramine were far less potent (20- to 140-fold) in functional assays. Levocabastine (dissociation constant, 52.6 nmol/L) exhibited greater functional activity (50% inhibitory concentration, 8-25 nmol/L) than either antazoline or pheniramine. CONCLUSIONS: Histamine-stimulated phosphatidylinositol turnover and cytokine secretion by human conjunctival epithelial cells are attenuated by compounds with H1-antagonist activity. However, antihistaminic potency alone does not predict anti-inflammatory potential. Olopatadine, emedastine, and levocabastine were notably more potent than pheniramine and antazoline. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Selected topical ocular drugs with antihistaminic activity may offer therapeutic advantages to patients with allergic conjunctivitis by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine secretion from human conjunctival epithelial cells.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1999

Steroidal saponins from Anemarrhena asphodeloides and their effects on superoxide generation.

A new steroidal saponin, timosaponin F, along with six known compounds was isolated from the rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, the structure of timosaponin F was elucidated as (5beta, 25 S):-spirostan-3beta,15alpha,23alpha-triol-3-O-beta- glucopyranosyl-(1--->2)-beta-galactopyranoside. The six known compounds were anemarrhenasaponin I, anemarrhenasaponin Ia, timosaponin BI, timosaponin BII, timosaponin B, timosaponin AIII; their effects on superoxide generation are also reported.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed1999

Pharmacological characterization of [3H]-Ifenprodil binding to polyamine binding sites on rabbit and rat retinal homogenates: role in neuroprotection?

Polyamine binding sites (PBS) represent one of the modulatory sites on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel complex. We have characterized [3H]-ifenprodil binding to the PBS on washed homogenates of rabbit and rat retinas. Specific binding of [3H]-ifenprodil (2 nM) (in the presence of 3 microM 1,3-Di [2-tolyl] guanidine HCl and 10 microM GBR12909 to block sigma sites) comprised 47-56% of the total binding. Scatchard analyses indicated interaction with apparent high- and low-affinity sites: dissociation constants (K(d)s) = 0.5-0.6 microM and apparent density of sites (Bmax) = 1.5-4.3 pmol/mg protein and K(d)s = 2.0-2.9 microM, and Bmax values = 15.8-17.8 pmol/mg protein (n = 3). Ifenprodil (Ki = 0.4-0.8 microM), eliprodil (Ki = 0.7-0.8 microM), spermine (Ki = 72-79 microM), spermidine (Ki = 283-330 microM), putrescine (Ki > 650 microM) and MK-801 (Ki > 1 mM) (n = 3-5) differentially competed for [3H]-ifenprodil binding. The biphasic competition curves for ifenprodil were resolved into two binding components: rat retinas, IC50high = 0.19 +/- 0.13 microM and IC50low = 8.7 +/- 1.3 microM; rabbit retinas, IC50high = 0.1 +/- 0.01 microM and IC50low = 16.0 +/- 7.8 microM. These studies have shown the presence of specific PBS labeled by [3H]-ifenprodil in the rabbit and rat retinas which may, in part, be responsible for mediating the neuroprotective effects of eliprodil and ifenprodil.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Human retina contains polyamine sensitive [3H]-ifenprodil binding sites: implications for neuroprotection?

AIMS: This study characterised the pharmacology of [3H]-ifenprodil binding to the polyamine binding sites (PBS) on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor channel complex on human retinas. These data were correlated with the known neuroprotective effects of ifenprodil and eliprodil. METHODS: Specific binding of [3H]-ifenprodil (under sigma site blockade) was investigated using human retinal homogenates and radioligand binding techniques. Scatchard and competition analyses were utilised to define the pharmacology of the [3H]-ifenprodil binding sites. RESULTS: Specific binding of [3H]-ifenprodil comprised 73% (SEM 3%) of total and reflected interaction with two affinity sites (Kds = 0.39 and 4.3 microM) of different densities (Bmax = 14.4 and 105 pmol/mg protein) (n = 5). The rank order of affinity of compounds competing for [3H]-ifenprodil binding to the high affinity PBS was: ifenprodil > eliprodil > arcaine > spermine > diaminodecane > spermidine > putrescine >> MK-801 (n = 3-7). However, [3H]-ifenprodil binding was minimally inhibited by glutamate, NMDA, and kainate. CONCLUSION: These studies have shown, for the first time, the presence of specific [3H]-ifenprodil binding sites in the human retina with pharmacological characteristics of PBS associated with the NMDA receptor ionophore complex. The neuroprotective effects of eliprodil and ifenprodil may, in part, be mediated via these [3H]-ifenprodil labelled sites.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Use of a semi-automated, robotic radioimmunoassay to measure cAMP generated by activation of DP-, EP2-, and IP-prostaglandin receptors in human ocular and other cell types.

The aim of these studies was to compare the effects of several prostaglandin agonists on adenylyl cyclase activity in embryonic bovine tracheal (EBTr) cells, transformed human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells and National Cancer Bank (NCB-20) cells. These cell types have been shown to express DP, EP2 and IP prostaglandin (PG) receptors, respectively. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) generation was measured by manual and semi-automated radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. ZK118182 (EC50 = 10-27 nM), PGE2 (EC50 = 21-27 nM) and PGI2 (EC50 = 3.5-4 nM) had the highest potency at the DP, EP2 and IP receptors, respectively. A plot of potency (EC50) values generated with both techniques showed a high degree of correlation for all three receptors. These studies provide further characterization of prostanoid receptor functional responses in three cell types and demonstrate the advantages of a semi-automated RIA method for the analysis of the second messenger cAMP.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacology of [3H]prostaglandin E1/[3H]prostaglandin E2 and [3H]prostaglandin F2alpha binding to EP3 and FP prostaglandin receptor binding sites in bovine corpus luteum: characterization and correlation with functional data.

Specific binding of [3H]prostaglandin (PG) E1, [3H]PGE2 and [3H]PGF2alpha to washed total particulate homogenates of bovine corpus luteum comprised 60 to 82% of total binding. Scatchard analysis of competition data revealed the presence of an apparent single population of binding sites for [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGE2 with dissociation constants (Kds) of 2.76 to 3.39 nM and apparent receptor density (Bmax) of 1.5 to 1.56 pmol/g wet weight (n = 3-4). However, [3H]PGF2alpha appeared to interact with two classes/states of binding sites (Kd1 = 6.51 +/- 0.65 nM, Bmax1 = 2.33 +/- 0.26 pmol/g wet weight; Kd2 = 986 +/- 269 nM; Bmax2 = 44.8 +/- 11.3 pmol/g wet weight, n = 11). Specific [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGE2 binding was most potently (nanomolar affinity) inhibited by PGs with high selectivity for the EP3 receptor subtype (e.g., GR63799, sulprostone, enprostil) but was weakly (Kis > 1 microM) influenced by EP1-selective (SC-19220), FP-selective (fluprostenol, PHXA85), DP-selective (BWA868C; ZK118182), IP-selective (iloprost) and TP-selective (U46619) PGs. Specific [3H]PGF2alpha binding was potently displaced by FP-selective agents such as fluprostenol, PHXA85 and cloprostenol with nanomolar affinities (n = 3-25), but weakly (Kis > 1 microM) by other PGs showing high selectivity for other PG receptor subtypes mentioned above. The relative specificities and potencies of EP3- and FP-selective PGs tested in the binding assays were confirmed using various functional assays. These studies have provided strong pharmacological evidence for the similarity of [3H]PGE1 and [3H]PGE2 binding to EP3 receptors and for [3H]PGF2alpha binding to FP receptors in washed bovine corpus luteum homogenates.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1996

Human conjunctival epithelial cells express histamine-1 receptors coupled to phosphoinositide turnover and intracellular calcium mobilization: role in ocular allergic and inflammatory diseases.

Dispase-dissociated primary cultures of human conjunctival epithelial (HCE) cells were stimulated with histamine and the generation of inositol phosphates ([3H]IPs) from [3H]phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and the mobilization of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) were studied using ion exchange chromatography and Fura-2 fluorescence techniques, respectively. Histamine (100 microM) maximally stimulated PI turnover in HCE cells by 210 +/- 10% (n = 21) above basal levels and with a potency (EC50) of 3.3 microM (n = 4). Histamine (EC50 = 5.8 microM, n = 3) rapidly mobilized [Ca2+]i which peaked within 10 sec but which was still significantly elevated 20 min after stimulation. The histamine-induced [Ca2+]i responses did not desensitize upon repeated applications of histamine. The effects of histamine (100 microM) on PI turnover and [Ca2+]i were potently antagonized by the H1-antagonists, emedastine (IC50 = 1.6-2.9 nM), triprolidine (IC50 = 3.1 nM) and levocabastine (IC50 = 8 nM), but weakly by the H2-(ranitidine/cimetidine) and H3-(thioperamide) antagonists (IC50s = 10-100 microM). In conclusion, HCE cells have been shown to possess functional H1-histamine receptors that couple to inositol phosphates generation which then mobilize intracellular calcium. These intracellular signaling mechanisms may be intimately linked with the process of inflammatory cytokine secretion from the HCE cells after stimulation by histamine released from the conjunctival mast cells. The current results strongly suggest that the HCE cells are active participants in mediating, and perhaps amplifying, the pro-inflammatory and allergic effects of histamine which is released from conjunctival mast cells during ocular allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Benzimidazoles↗
PubMed1996

Pharmacological characterization of bradykinin receptors coupled to phosphoinositide turnover in SV40-immortalized human trabecular meshwork cells.

This study sought to pharmacologically characterize bradykinin receptors on SV40-immortalized human trabecular meshwork (HTM3) cells. Phosphoinositide (PI) turnover studies were conducted using [3H]myo-inositol-labeled HTM3 cells and anion exchange chromatography to quantify [3H]inositol phosphates generated in response to bradykinin (BK) and various BK analogs. The blockade of these responses was studied using two potent and receptor-subtype selective antagonists. BK and T-kinin (Ile-Ser-BK:TK) induced a 4.2-4.4 fold stimulation of PI turnover above base levels at 1-10 microM. Several other peptides unrelated to BK, including angiotensin II, endothelin, cholecystokinin, bombesin and peptide YY tested at 1-10 microM were essentially inactive. The molar potencies (EC50) of BK, TK and close analogs were: BK = 4.5 +/- 0.5 nM (n = 6), Lys-BK = 6.5 +/- 0.7 nM (n = 3), TK = 38.8 +/- 6.6 nM (n = 8), Met-Lys-BK = 41.5 +/- 13.4 nM (n = 4), Des-Arg9-BK = 2093 +/- 626 nM (n = 4). All the latter BK-related peptides were full agonists. The actions of BK and TK were potently and competitively antagonized by Hoe-140 (molar potency = 0.6-1 nM; pA2 = 8.97-9.21. n = 3-4) and by D-Arg0[Hyp3,-Thi5.8,-DPhe7]-BK (molar potency = 251 nM; -log potency, pKb = 6.6), two selective B2-type BK antagonists. In conclusion, rank order of potency of BK agonists and the blockade of BK- and TK-induced PI turnover by the selective antagonists are consistent with the classification of the BK receptors on HTM3 cells as the B2-receptor subtype.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Olopatadine (AL-4943A): ligand binding and functional studies on a novel, long acting H1-selective histamine antagonist and anti-allergic agent for use in allergic conjunctivitis.

AL-4943A (Olopatadine) is a new antihistaminic and anti-allergic drug. It was tested for its ability to compete for [3H]pyrilamine, [3H]tiotidine and [3H]N-methyl histamine binding to H1, H2 and H3 histamine receptors, respectively. AL-4943A exhibited the highest affinity (Ki = 41.1 +/- 6.0 nM) for H1-receptors and a significantly lower affinity for H2- (Ki = 43,437 +/- 6,257 nM) and H3-receptors (Ki = 171,666 +/- 6,774 nM), respectively. These data showed AL-4943A to be an H1-selective compound, being 1,059- and 4,177-times more selective for H1- than H2- and H3-receptors. AL-4943A was more H1-selective than levocabastine, ketotifen, antazoline and pheniramine and, also, exhibited a low affinity for 38 nonhistamine receptor binding sites. AL-4943A antagonized histamine-induced phosphoinositide (PI) turnover in cultured human conjunctival epithelial cells (IC50 = 9.5 +/- 1.5 nM, n = 3), human corneal fibroblasts (IC50 = 19 nM) and transformed human trabecular meshwork cells (IC50 = 39.9 nM). These data have shown AL-4943A to be a high affinity, high potency H1-selective histamine antagonist. This information, coupled with a long duration of action in an in vivo model of allergic conjunctivitis, suggests that AL-4943A may be a useful drug to treat various ocular allergic diseases, including allergic conjunctivitis.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗
PubMed1996

Characterization of the ocular antiallergic and antihistaminic effects of olopatadine (AL-4943A), a novel drug for treating ocular allergic diseases.

Olopatadine (AL-4943A; KW-4679) [(Z)-11-[3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6, 11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepine-2-acetic acid hydrochloride] is an antiallergic/antihistaminic drug under development for topical ocular use. The effects of the compound on release of proinflammatory mediators (histamine, tryptase and prostaglandin D2) from monodispersed human conjunctival mast cells were assessed. Histamine receptor subtype binding affinities and functional potencies were determined with ligand binding and phosphoinositide turnover assays, respectively. Olopatadine inhibited the release of histamine, tryptase and prostaglandin D2, in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 559 microM). Evaluation of the interaction of olopatadine with histamine receptors revealed a relatively high affinity for the H1 receptor (Ki = 31.6 nM, pKi = 7.5 +/- 0.1, n = 7) but lower affinities for H2 receptors (Ki = 100 microM, pKi = 4.0 +/- 0.19, n = 7) and H3 receptors (Ki = 79.4 microM, pKi = 4.1 +/- 0.16, n = 7). The H1 selectivity of olopatadine was superior to that of other ocularly used antihistamines studied, such as ketotifen, levocabastine, antazoline and pheniramine. The profiling of olopatadine in 42 nonhistamine receptor binding assays revealed that olopatadine interacts with only two nonhistamine receptor/uptake sites to any significant degree (pIC50 < or = 5-6). Olopatadine inhibited histamine-induced phosphoinositide turnover in human conjunctival epithelial cells (IC50 = 10 nM, pIC50 = 8.0, n = 4) and in other human ocular cells (IC50 = 15.8-31.6 nM, pIC50 = 7.5-7.8) and exhibited apparent noncompetitive antagonist properties in these cells, with an estimated dissociation constant (Kb) of 19.9 nM (pKb = 7.7, n = 6). This combination of mast cell mediator release inhibition and selective H1 receptor antagonism suggests that olopatadine may be particularly useful in the treatment of ocular allergic diseases. Indeed, olopatadine has recently shown clinical efficacy in an allergic conjunctivitis model in human subjects.

Anti-Allergic Agents↗
PubMed1994

Isotope-specific analysis of Ni by ICP-MS: applications of stable isotope tracers to biokinetic studies.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) offers excellent detection limits and isotopic analysis of Ni in aqueous standards, but is prone to interferences--mainly from Ca-containing polyatomics--when biological matrices are analyzed for Ni. We have used multivariate calibration with principal components analysis (PCA) to correct for mass overlaps in serum digests. The resulting detection limit for Ni is below 1 microgram/l and the within-run imprecision is 6% at 1.46 micrograms Ni/l. In urine, the higher Ca content renders routine application of PCA problematic. We evaluated several methods of pre-concentration, and have developed a method of Ca oxalate precipitation that allows direct analysis of Ni in the diluted supernatant. The stable isotope 62Ni and the radiosotope 63Ni were co-administered i.v. to rats and the serum and urinary clearances were determined by liquid scintillation counting and ICP-MS. Ni measurements by both methods were in excellent agreement, and serum clearance fit a double exponential decay consistent with the two-compartment model of Onkelinx et al. [24]. A human volunteer ingested 61Ni (20 micrograms Ni/kg body wt.) in water after an overnight fast. Identical serum levels, peaking near 35 micrograms/l at 2 h, were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and ICP-MS with PCA. Urinary excretion of 61Ni measured by ICP-MS demonstrated absorption of 30% of the administered dose. We conclude that Ni isotopes can be measured in body fluids by ICP-MS at levels that allow stable isotope tracer studies in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The dynamic change of plasma endothelin-1 during the perioperative period in patients with rheumatic valvular disease and secondary pulmonary hypertension.

The arterial plasma endothelin-1 concentration was substantially more elevated in 15 patients with rheumatic valvular disease and secondary pulmonary hypertension than in healthy volunteers (3.66 +/- 2.20 versus 1.17 +/- 0.38 pg/ml, mean +/- standard deviation; p < 0.01). The preoperative plasma endothelin-1 level was highly correlated with the pulmonary hemodynamics: pulmonary artery systolic pressure (r = 0.94, p < 0.001), pulmonary artery mean pressure (r = 0.86, p < 0.001), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.82, p < 0.001), and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.63, p < 0.02). After valve replacement, the plasma endothelin-1 concentration declined substantially and the pulmonary hemodynamics improved markedly. Two weeks after the operation, the plasma endothelin-1 level in patients (1.26 +/- 0.45 pg/ml, mean +/- standard deviation) was not statistically different from that in the healthy volunteers. The plasma endothelin-1 concentration continuously increased during the course of cardiopulmonary bypass and peaked after cessation of bypass. The peak plasma endothelin-1 level (13.49 +/- 4.60 pg/ml, mean +/- standard deviation) positively correlated with the bypass time (r = 0.64, p < 0.02) and negatively correlated with the urine volume during bypass (r = -0.69, p < 0.01). We conclude that (1) increased plasma endothelin-1 might be implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary pulmonary hypertension caused by rheumatic valvular disease and (2) markedly elevated plasma endothelin-1 concentrations might be associated with the mechanism of cardiac or renal dysfunction after prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Dauricoside, a new glycosidal alkaloid having an inhibitory activity against blood-platelet aggregation.

Dauricoside (1), a new glycosidal alkaloid, was isolated from the rhizomes of Menispermum dauricum DC. along with dauricine (2), daurisoline (3), dauriporphine (4), menisporphine (5), and 6-O-demethylmenisporphine (6), and its structure was determined by means of spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 inhibited blood-platelet aggregation induced by adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP).

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

[Relation between nutrition of pregnant women and small-for-gestational age infants].

A nutritional investigation was carried out both on small-for-gestational age infants (SGA) group and on normal pregnancy (control group). 60 cases were collected in each group. The results revealed that Quatlet index (32.09 +/- 2.39), calorie intake at 2nd (9.49 +/- 1.51 MJ/day) and 3rd (10.08 +/- 1.11 MJ/day) trimester of pregnancy, serum albumin (36.2 +/- 7.9 g/L), prealbumin (0.27 +/- 0.07 g/L) and glucose (4.17 +/- 0.98 mmol/L) levels in SGA group were lower than those in control. Serum Cu and Zn levels showed no significant difference between the 2 groups. The main reasons of low calorie intake were due to prolonged pregnant hyperemesis (44.83%) and bad habits in diet (31.03%). Serum glucose and prealbumin levels in cord blood were highly correlated with those in maternal blood. A significantly positive correlation between birth weight and maternal calorie intake, serum glucose and prealbumin levels was found. It proposed that serum prealbumin level could be used as a mal-nutritional index of pregnancy. Calorie and qualified protein supplement was necessary for women with prolonged pregnant hyperemesis or bad diet habits.

Female↗