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Biomedical subjects

S Woods

Publications and source records attributed to S Woods.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Philosophy and health.

This paper employs a philosophical approach in order to explore the nature of the concept of health. It is designed to provoke further thought and discussion by posing a number of questions such as 'What is health?' and 'How is ill-health experienced?'. The authors argue that some philosophical ability is necessary to enable the professional carer to reflect clearly and logically on both their theory and practice. In addition this paper argues that professional carers should aim to achieve a balance between science and humanism. Also reasons are suggested why a role should be given to non-scientific language in the planning of individual-centred care.

Disease↗
PubMed1984

Secretory IgA antibody in cervicovaginal secretions from women with genital infection due to herpes simplex virus.

Sequential samples of cervicovaginal secretions from women with untreated first and recurrent episodes of genital infection due to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) were assayed for IgA antibodies to HSV-2 by using fluorescent antibodies to human secretory piece (sIgA) and human IgA. Among women with first-episode genital herpes, sIgA antibody to HSV-2 was detected in 20 of 31 women from whom HSV was isolated from the cervix, compared with four of 13 women from whom it was not (P less than .05). Among women with first-episode genital herpes, the mean titer of sIgA antibody to HSV-2 peaked between days 9 and 16 of disease, whereas among women with recurrent genital HSV, the peak occurred at days 3-8 of disease. HSV-2 was not isolated from the cervix from any of 130 samples taken when titers of sIgA antibody to HSV-2 were greater than or equal to 1:2, compared with 98 of 259 samples taken when titers were less than or equal to 1:2 (P less than or equal to .01).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The paradox of DIC.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1977

Pathologic analysis of mink mortality in New England mink.

The underlying cause of death of a group of New England mink, which died in 1969 to 1970 was explored. PCB and chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide levels were measured. Aroclor 1254 levels in these mink were elevated 73 fold over levels in healthy mink in 1974. DDT levels were elevated 5 times and DDE 3 times over those control animals. Gross pathology revealed desions of the lungs, liver and kidneys. There lesions were confirmed microscopically. The lungs of the New England mink showed inflammation and congestion. Areas of inflammation were also present in the liver. Massive areas of necrosis were seen in the kidneys, both in the medullary and cortical areas. Kidney involvement was greater than any other organ. P.A.S. positive material was seen in each of these organs with the kidneys showing largest amounts of this material. Since the New England mink did not show lesions of the G.I. tract, did not exhibit fatty degeneration of the liver, which PCB toxicity is known to induce in mink and because they showed areas of congestion, inflammation and positive P.A.S. material, PCB's were not considered the toxic agent. However, fungus or bacterial infection might be the causative agent.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

Effects of piperonyl butoxide on hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene in hamster liver.

Single i.p. injection of piperonyl butoxide induces a dose dependent and prolonged inhibition of hamster liver acetylaminofluorene hydroxylation. However, this slight inhibition is the result of a 61% inhibition of acetylaminofluorene-7-hydroxylase activity and a 10 fold stimulation of acetylaminofluorene N-hydroxylase activity. This was confirmed by in vivo experiments. The DNA and RNA binding of acetylaminofluorene-C14 increased 2.1 and 2.4 fold, respectively, 16 hrs after treatment with acetylaminofluorene-C14 in combination with piperonyl butoxide.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transvaginal ultrasound scanning in early pregnancy and correlation with human chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Pregnancy can be detected early using transvaginal ultrasonography and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements. The purpose of this study was to correlate serum hCG levels with transvaginal gestational sac measurements. The mean sac diameter (MSD) and gestational sac diameter (GSD) were calculated as the mean and cube root of the product, respectively, of three sac dimensions taken at right angles. A nonlinear relationship between hCG (natural logarithm) and MSD and GSD was observed. The data were best fitted by a second order polynomial regression model (r2 = 0.98), thereby establishing normal hCG levels for various gestational sac dimensions in early pregnancy.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of two endotracheal tube securement techniques on unplanned extubation, oral mucosa, and facial skin integrity.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 standard methods (i.e., twill tape versus adhesive tape) of securement on unplanned extubation, oral mucosa, and facial skin integrity of the orally intubated patient. DESIGN: A prospective, quasi-experimental design was used for the pilot study. SETTING: The setting for the pilot study included critical care units of 3 community hospitals and 1 veterans' hospital in a midwestern city. SUBJECTS: A total of 52 orally intubated adult subjects were enrolled in the study from the 4 clinical sites over a 6-month period of time. The participants in the study consisted of 30 men and 22 women. The subjects ranged in age from 22 to 85 years, with a mean age of 62.3 years. The mean length of intubation was 89.6 hours. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures of the study were (1) unplanned extubation, (2) oral mucosa status, and (3) facial skin integrity. INTERVENTIONS: Endotracheal tube securement with either the twill tape or the adhesive tape securement method. RESULTS: With use of multiple analysis of variances (MANOVA) and repeated analyses of variances (ANOVAs), there were no significant differences by time or type of endotracheal tube securement method on oral mucosa or facial skin integrity. A chi-square analysis demonstrated no significant association between the 2 types of endotracheal tube securement when comparing their efficacy in preventing unplanned extubation. CONCLUSION: The findings of this pilot study demonstrated both methods of endotracheal tube securement to be comparable in preventing unplanned extubation and in maintaining oral mucosa status and facial skin integrity.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early parental touch and preterm infants.

Thirty-six parents were videotaped during visits with their preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit in order to describe some characteristics of parental touch. Parents most often touched infants' hands, backs, and heads, using stroke, hold, or contact actions of moderate intensity. Mothers and grandmothers provided more touch than fathers, and parents provided less touch to infants at or below a gestational age of 28 weeks. The results can be used as a basis for more controlled experimental studies evaluating preterm infants' physiologic responses to early parental touch.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of written and computerized decision support aids for the U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research depression guidelines on the evaluation of hypothetical clinical scenarios.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of written and computerized decision support aids (DSAs) based on U.S. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research depression guidelines. METHODS: Fifty-six internal medicine residents were randomized to evaluate clinical scenarios using either a written or a computerized DSA after first assessing scenarios without a DSA. The paired difference between aided and unaided scores was determined for diagnostic accuracy, treatment selection, severity and subtype classification, antipsychotic use, and mental health consultations. RESULTS: Diagnostic accuracy with the written DSA increased from 64% to 73%, and with the computerized DSA decreased from 67% to 64% (P=0.0065). Residents using the computerized DSA (vs. no DSA) requested fewer consultations (65% vs. 52%, P=0.028). In post hoc analysis, the written DSA increased sensitivity (66% to 89%, P<0.001) and the computerized DSA improved specificity (66% to 86%, P=0.0020) but reduced sensitivity (67% to 49%, P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: A written DSA improved diagnostic accuracy, whereas a computerized DSA did not. However, the computerized DSA improved specificity and reduced mental health consultations.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethics and communication: developing reflective practice.

In this article, the author describes the use of a reflective practice approach to exploring ethical issues in professional communication. Using a framework for critical incident analysis, the author also demonstrates the moral dimension to communicating with patients and their relatives.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The school bullying problem.

Research into school bullying has, to date, predominantly focused on prevalence and intervention programmes. This article reviews some of this previous work and goes on to explore and discuss the holistic management of bullying, and outlines the importance of the role of the school nurse.

Aggression↗