Biomedical subjects

S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to S Wilson.

671 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Observation of high and low molecular weight inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme in rat lung.

Fractionation of the rat lung yielded a 54,000 g supernate, and DOC-solubilized 775 g, 3100 g and 54,000 g sediments, each of these preparations displaying an increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme activity with increasing dilution, suggesting the presence of freely reversible angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The solubilized 775 g sediment was applied to an immobilized captopril column, eluted successively with 20 mM Pi(K+), pH 7.8 buffer, buffer/0.5 M NaCl, and buffer/0.01M cysteine to obtain four major protein bands, two of which appeared with the cysteine eluant. The first two protein peaks were each pooled and subjected to ultrafiltration with 10,000 molecular weight cutoff filters. The pooled peaks, retentates and ultrafiltrates each inhibited the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity, suggesting the presence of large and small molecular weight reversible angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in association with the solubilized (membranous) particulate angiotensin-converting enzyme fraction. These results expand upon earlier observations on the existence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in mammalian serum by observing an increasing angiotensin-converting enzyme activity with increasing dilution. This activity was eluted in multiple peaks, including elution with the cysteine eluate, suggesting that the angiotensin-converting enzyme, as well as other proteins, may react covalently with the sulfhydryl functional group of the immobilized captopril in a transsulfhydration reaction cleaving the disulfide bonds in proteins. Subsequent elution with cysteine affects an additional transsulfhydration reaction, releasing the proteins from the column. It is further postulated that air oxidation of the proteins permits reformation of disulfide bonds, yielding some active angiotensin-converting enzyme. Having in mind the possibility of lipophilic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors crossing the blood-brain barrier as a means of treatment of alcohol abuse, the intriguing presence of a naturally occurring angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the particulate, lipid-rich fraction of the lung cell raises the theory that inhibitors such as these might cross the blood-brain barrier to serve as downregulators of alcohol consumption.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of tonsil size on an airway blockage maneuver in children during sedation.

A previous report suggested that airway compromise without self-correction may occur in pediatric dental patients sedated with chloral hydrate (CH) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and may be interpreted as "deep" sedation. The purpose of this institutionally approved study was to determine 1) the association between the size of the tonsils and 2) the degree of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) changes to simulated airway obstruction using the Moore head-tilt maneuver for 30 sec or less. Thirty healthy children (ASA I), aged 22-40 months, were evaluated for tonsil size and sedated with CH (50 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg) and supplemented with N2O. Pulse oximetry and capnography were used to monitor the child. During the restorative phase when the patient appeared asleep, the head was rolled forward with the chin touching the chest for a period of 30 sec. Changes in SaO2 and CO2 waveform were observed during this period. The results indicated that seven children who had enlarged tonsils had blocked airways (as determined by capnography) lasting approximately 15 sec. The remaining children did not have enlarged tonsils and continued to exchange air appropriately. O2 levels did not change during this period. The results suggest that the likelihood of airway blockage increases with enlarged tonsils. In children without airway blockage, ventilation occurs unimpeded, and attempts to readjust the head may not occur. The association between airway blockage and patient responsiveness is discussed in relation to sedation levels.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Patient education: partnership in action.

This paper describes the work of the combined Patient Education Co-ordinator/Home Dialysis Nurse at The Richard Bright Renal Unit, Bristol, England. The renal unit is part of a large district general hospital of 1000 beds in the South West of England. We cover a 60 mile radius of Bristol over several counties, some of which are rural farming communities.

Community Health Nursing↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of temperaments of children with and without baby bottle tooth decay.

Several demographic studies have been done to identify children at risk for Baby Bottle Tooth Decay (BBTD). Discussions have described these children with Baby Bottle Tooth Decay as strong tempered, cranky, restless, and fussy. The parents of these children have acknowledged these behaviors. To determine whether there were differences in temperament, children with Baby Bottle Tooth Decay were compared with children without Baby Bottle Tooth Decay by assessing the nine temperament components described by the Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS) questionnaire. Parents completed the temperament questionnaire and ninety-two children between twelve and thirty-six months old were studied. Scores for the nine temperament components were tabulated and temperament difficulty was determined as defined by the authors of the toddler Temperament Scale. At-test comparison between the two groups revealed no significant difference for the nine temperament components. There was also no difference when comparing clusters of the nine components. The conclusion is that there is no difference in the temperaments between the group of children with Baby Bottle Tooth Decay and the comparison group of children without Baby Bottle Tooth Decay.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of nitrous oxide on pediatric dental patients sedated with chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, crossover study was to evaluate the effect of 50% nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to oxygen (O2) alone on behavioral and physiologic parameters when a standard regimen of chloral hydrate (CH) (50 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg) was administered to young children for dental procedures. METHODS: Twenty children (mean age 42 +/- 7.3 months) were sedated, each for two appointments. At one appointment they received 100% O2 and at the other 50% N2O, the order randomized across patients. Physiologic parameters measured were heart and respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and expired carbon dioxide. Behavior was rated using the Ohio State University Behavior Rating Scale. Physiologic and behavioral parameters were measured at eight defined procedural events. RESULTS: Results indicated differences as a function of inhalation agent were seen for crying, quiet, and struggling, but not for any physiologic parameters. Significant differences across procedures were found for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and for all behaviors (crying, movement, quiet, and struggling). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to O2, N2O significantly modifies some behaviors but not physiologic parameters in sedated children. However, certain dental procedures did significantly modify some physiologic parameters and all behaviors.

Anesthesia, Dental↗