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Biomedical subjects

S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to S Wilson.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Post-traumatic hepatic dysfunction as a major etiology in post-traumatic jaundice.

Thirty-eight patients who had sustained acute trauma, profound hemorrhagic shock, and massive transfusion were studied prospectively to determine the predominant etiologic factors in the development of post-traumatic jaundice. An analysis of clinical and biochemical factors occurring in association with each bilirubin peak in the postoperative course found the jaundice related to transfusion and surgery in 11 instances, to sepsis and septicemia in 15 instances, and to hepatic dysfunction in 23 instances. Results indicated that admission estimates of SGOT and LDH levels, the height of the bilirubin peak and the postoperative day on which it occurs, and the white cell count and GGT at the time of the peak may be of use in the differential diagnosis. Four case reports were used to emphasize the fluctuating pattern of jaundice and the different etiologic factors that may predominate. Light and electron microscopy from three patients illustrated the structural alterations that accompany the biochemical impairment of liver function and enable a more precise appreciation of this syndrome. Hepatic dysfunction appears to be implicated in a high proportion of patients who develop post-traumatic jaundice, which frequently occurs as part of a spectrum of multiple organ failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Improvement in arterial oxygenation in hyaline membrane disease.

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was employed using nasal prongs in 30 neonates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD). There was a significant improvement in mean PaO2 (from 47 to 80 mmHg;p less than 0.001) with no significant change in PaCO2 or pH within a mean 36 min of therapy. Use of the technique allowed reduction of FiO2 to less than 0.60 in less than 20 h in 18 infants. Infants treated within 24 h of birth had significantly greater improvements in PaO2. Complications were infrequent and only 3 of 30 babies developed a pneumothorax while on nasal CPAP. Only 1 of the 23 survivors required mechanical ventilation in addition to nasal CPAP.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1976

A clinicopathologic study of hepatic dysfunction following shock.

Nineteen patients who had profound hypotensive shock were studied to correlate the light and electron microscopic appearances of the liver with the clinical and biochemical evidence of hepatic dysfunction. Despite the multiple etiologic factors that can result in jaundice in these patients, a fluctuating pattern occurs which enables the correlation of a bilirubin peak with the predominating etiologic factor. Immediately after shock, there was enzymatic and light and electron microscopic evidence of hepatocellular damage, resulting in a jaundice peak on the eighth to tenth day after the shock episode. This was followed by repair and regeneration of the liver as well as an increase in cholestatic enzyme levels. Later, bilirubin peaks occurred when hepatocellular function was further decreased or overloaded against this background of dysfunction related to the episode of shock. Recovery of hepatic function could continue or be delayed by intercurrent disease, particularly systemic infection. Support of hepatic function, similar to that available for pulmonary and renal failure may, in the future, be used to effect the prognosis of these patients.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1975

The influx of uric acid and other purines into everted jejunal sacs of the rat and hamster.

The in vitro transport of [2-14-C]uric acid, [8-14-C]hypoxanthine, and [8-14-C]xanthine, each dissolved in Krebs--Ringer bicarbonate buffer, was studied with everted jejunal sacs from rat and hamster. No evidence could be obtained for the development of a concentration gradient between the intracellular fluid and the incubation medium or between the sac contents and the incubation medium, for any of the three oxypurines. Inhibitiors of active transport, such as anaerobiosis for dinitrophenol, had no significant effect on the rate of transport. A large percentage of hypoxanthine and xanthine was oxidized to urine acid in the sac-wall homogenate, sac contents, and incubation medium during the course of the incubation. This oxidation could be prevented by addition of allopurinol (3 mM) to the incubation medium, but concentration gradients were still not obtained. No active transport mechanism could be demonstrated for uric acid, hypoxanthine, or xanthine in rat or hamster jejunum.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1975

Hepatitis B core antigen in the immunosuppressed chimpanzee.

Two chimpanzees with low levels of anti-HBs developed increased antibody titres but showed no antigenemia after i.v. administration of 10 ml infective chimpanzee serum. Treatment of a chimpanzee (also possessing anti-HBs) i.m. with Cyclophosphamide plus Prednisolone for 3 weeks starting 2 days before the challenge with infective serum resulted in detectable circulating HBsAg by day 67. By day 95, the HBsAg concentration had increased to 17 times a human Ag reference plasma and low titres of anti-HBc were also present, but liver enzyme levels did not become abnormal until day 107. Since the circulating HBsAg concentration decreased gradually to 2 times the reference plasma by day 168, the animal was again immunosuppressed using oral Prednisolone alone for 7 weeks and then sacrificed. The liver yielded useful quantities of purified HBcAg while the plasma was an excellent source of Dane particles and HBsAg (41 X human reference plasma). This success could not be reproduced in 4 immunosuppressed cynomolgus monkeys. Our studies, therefore, demonstrate the value of the immunosuppressed high-order primate in the initiation and modulation of hepatitis B.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Specific detection of hepatitis B surface antigen utilizing chimpanzee and guinea pig antibodies in a solid-phase radio-immunoassay.

The test involves a primary incubation of sample in polystyrene tubes coated with avid guinea pig anti-HBs serum followed, after washing, by a secondary incubation with immunopurified I125 chimpanzee anti-HBs. The system was found to be suitable for automation of washing and counting. The Hebria kit eradicated the non-specific positives obtained in those tests employing antibody from only one animal species and had third generation sensitivity (35 positives out of 50 samples) with the U.S. hepatitis B reference panel No. 2. Dilution analysis of both antigen subtypes showed that Hebria was as sensitive as Ausria II. By absorbing monospecific guinea pig antisera prior to coating, the kit showed greater than 10-fold discrimination between the ad and ay antigen subtypes while retaining high sensitivity. The kit could also quantitate and subtype anti-HBs in plasma samples.

Animals↗