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Biomedical subjects

S Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to S Wilson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effects of two toothbrushes on plaque, gingivitis, gingival abrasion, and recession: a 1-year longitudinal study.

Plaque removal is an important part of good oral hygiene. Many short-term studies have compared the effectiveness of an electric toothbrush in plaque removal to that of a conventional, manual toothbrush. Previous studies proved the electric toothbrush to be more effective on a short-term basis; however, little is known about its long-term effects. In a study that examined 32 patients over a 12-month period, the authors found electric toothbrushing to be more effective in plaque removal. The study measured the differences in abrasion, gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and plaque scores. The study also concluded that no significant gingival abrasion was caused by electric toothbrushing.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Promoting wellness in an OH setting.

The opportunity to educate employees about wellness concepts presents itself in a variety of settings. Benita Ramsarran and Sharon Wilson use the background of a vaccination clinic as an example in which to maximise learning opportunities.

Health Education↗
PubMed1993

Internal fixation of proximal femur fractures: a biomechanical comparison of the Gamma Locking Nail and the Omega Compression Hip Screw.

The fracture fixation capability of the Gamma Locking Nail was compared with the Omega Compression Hip Screw using cadaver femurs with simulated intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. Loading of the femurs was done on an Instron machine. Fracture fragment motion was recorded at 100-lb loading increments using standard roentgenograms. Both forms of hardware exhibited sufficient structural integrity to carry loads up to 600 lbs. Fracture motion was generally greater with the Gamma Locking Nail, which appeared to suspend the proximal fragments above a pivot point defined by the distal locking screws. Compression of the fracture site under loading did not occur with the Gamma Locking Nail. The potential for iatrogenic fracture generation appeared greater with the Gamma Locking Nail. Additionally, no clear mechanical advantage was documented in the fracture patterns tested. A limited discretionary use of the Gamma Locking Nail is advised.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1992

Chronic emesis caused by a nematode-induced gastric nodule in a cat.

A spirurid nematode-induced gastric nodule was believed to be responsible for chronic gastric irritation and vomiting in a domestic short-hair cat. Clinical improvement was noticed following surgical removal of the parasitic nodule in the wall of the pylorus. Morphologic characteristics of the parasite were most consistent with Spirocerca lupi. Infection with Spirocerca lupi is most commonly reported in Canids, often resulting in chronic granulomatous disease of the distal portion of the esophagus. In some animals, the lesions transform into fibrosarcomas and osteogenic sarcomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

T-cell receptor variable gene products and early HIV-1 infection.

To assess the hypothesis that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) might mimic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allodeterminants and interact with T-cell receptors (TCRs) of alloreactive T-cells, we have done a preliminary analysis of the range of alpha beta TCR gene products in 16 HIV-1-seropositive individuals with normal CD4 counts and in 16 healthy HIV-1-negative controls. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies with a two-colour direct immunofluorescence method, we found a significant increase in the expression of the V beta 5.3 subfamily in the HIV-positive patient group compared with controls (p less than 0.01). Selected increase in expression of V beta sequences has been described in various autoimmune conditions and our findings raise the possibility that the immunopathological damage from HIV infection may be due to the induction of autoreactivity. If HIV does mimic MHC II, the normal immune response to the virus could represent an autoimmune process similar to graft-versus-host disease.

Gene Expression↗
PubMed1992

The paired domain-containing nuclear factor pax[b] is expressed in specific commissural interneurons in zebrafish embryos.

The zebrafish paired box (Pax) genes are expressed in the early neural tube and are thought to be transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The protein product of one of these Pax genes, pax[b], is detectable as a nuclear antigen in all the regions of the embryo that transcribe the gene including the posterior midbrain, the nephritic primordium, the Wolffian duct, the optic stalk, and, in specific neurons, in the hindbrain and spinal cord. The timing and pattern of axonal outgrowth by the early pax[b]-positive neurons suggest that they are the commissural secondary ascending (CoSA) interneurons in the spinal cord; the primary commissural interneurons (MiD2c and MiD3c) in hindbrain rhombomeres mi2 and mi3; and a previously unclassified set of commissural interneurons that we termed the commissural caudalrhombomere ascending (CoCaA) interneurons in the caudal hindbrain. In contrast, the Mauthner interneurons do not express pax[b] early in development. Shortly after the appearance of the first pax[b]-positive interneurons, additional nuclei adjacent to the first pax[b]-positive interneurons become pax[b] positive. This pattern of expression suggests that the pax[b] protein may be involved in determining the identity of specific commissural interneurons.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed1992

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone selectively reverses lorazepam-induced sedation but not slowing of saccadic eye movements.

To investigate preliminary reports that benzodiazepine-induced sedation may be reversed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), we examined the effect of TRH or saline placebo on two variables which are sensitive to benzodiazepine agonists: changes in sedation and saccadic eye movements. Lorazepam 10 micrograms/kg i.v. increased self-ratings of sedation and reduced self-ratings of alertness and these changes were almost completely reversed by TRH. In contrast the slowing of saccadic eye movements by lorazepam was not reversed by TRH. The effects of TRH do not appear to be due to a direct antagonism at the benzodiazepine receptor, since flumazenil reverses changes in both variables. Moreover ligand binding studies reveal that TRH has very low affinity at this receptor. These clinical data provide the first demonstration that it is possible to distinguish between the effects of benzodiazepines on saccadic eye movements and psychological self-ratings.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of age, sex and housing on the trabecular bone of laying strain domestic fowl.

To determine the effects of age, sex and housing on trabecular bone volume, samples were collected from groups of male and female domestic fowl housed in cages or floor pens from four to 60 weeks old. Between 25 and 60 weeks old, trabecular bone volume decreased by 25 per cent in sections of free thoracic vertebrae (T5) from female birds, the loss occurring at an earlier age in caged birds. Over the sample period, TBV in male caged birds diminished by 35 percent, but male floor birds showed no reduction in trabecular bone volume. At 60 weeks, trabecular bone volume was 30 per cent greater in male caged birds and 40 per cent greater in male floor birds than in the corresponding females. In reproductively active females, no trabecular osteoid was observed, indicating no new trabecular bone formation. However, trabecular osteoid was present in two birds aged 60 weeks which had regressed ovaries. Osteomalacia was not seen in any of the bone samples.

Aging↗
PubMed1992

Estrogen receptor affinity and effects on MCF-7 cell growth of triarylethylene carboxylic acids related to tamoxifen.

The estrogen receptor binding, and growth suppressant and stimulating effects in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, of four structural variants of the triarylethylene antiestrogen tamoxifen (1) were studied. In these analogs, the dialkylaminoethoxy side chain of 1 was replaced by carboxylic acid or oxyacetic acid substituents. The presence of a p-hydroxy group in the ring geminal to the one bearing the side chain resulted in ligands with estrogen receptor affinities greater than that of 1 but less than that of estradiol. Compared to 1, none of the test compounds were effective suppressants of cell growth. To the contrary, the phenolic oxyacetic acid analog effectively reversed the growth suppressive effect of 1. Also, it was as effective as estradiol, though less potent, in stimulating growth of cells grown in estrogen depleted medium, suggestive of full estrogen agonist activity. Its carboxylic acid counterpart had little or no effect on proliferation. Because the phenolic oxyacetic acid is a metabolite of 1 in animals, its estrogenicity may have therapeutic implications of concern, depending on the extent to which it is formed and distributed in tissues of patients receiving 1.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of spinal pain among the staff of a district health authority.

Being aware of the many neck and back problems which occur among staff, the departments of Occupational Medicine and Physiotherapy initiated a study to ascertain the scale of the problem among employees of the district health authority. A questionnaire was sent to a 10 per cent sample, stratified by occupation, of the 16,000 employees of a district health authority of which 84 per cent (1363) responded. Over half of all respondents had had a significant degree of spinal pain in the past year, mainly located in the back. In over half of those with pain, their discomfort had been significant enough to interfere with sport, work and sleep. Over one-quarter said they had taken time off work for spinal pain in the past five years. Nearly half of respondents under 25 years of age had some degree of spinal pain. Although a very small group, ambulance workers appear to have the greatest problems. Staff involved in lifting equipment and manual work had a lower prevalence of spinal pain than nurses or ambulance workers, but were more likely to have severe pain for which analgesics were taken. Nurses had a prevalence rate of 60 per cent, but less than one third had frequent or severe pain. Based upon this information an application has been made to implement a programme to reduce both the number of injuries and the severity of those that occur.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Is stage I epithelial ovarian cancer overtreated both surgically and systemically? Results of a five-year cancer registry review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the incidence of Stage I epithelial ovarian carcinoma in the West Midlands region and to identify prognostic factors that have a significant effect on survival. DESIGN: A retrospective review of all Stage I ovarian cancer patients registered from 1.1.80 to 31.12.84. SETTING: West Midlands Regional Cancer Registry. POPULATION: 457 patients with Stage I ovarian cancer--373 with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival at censor date of 30.6.89. RESULTS: 28% developed recurrent disease, and the overall 5-year survival of the group was 70%. Univariate analysis of all possible prognostic factors showed that stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, histological grade and type, surgical rupture of the tumour, intact capsule histologically, clinical finding of ascites and the performance of peritoneal washings were significantly associated with survival. Adequate surgical staging as defined by FIGO was not significantly associated with survival. A multivariate analysis based on the Cox proportional hazard model identified histological grade, adjuvant chemotherapy, patient age and peritoneal washings as having independent prognostic effects. Surprisingly adjuvant chemotherapy and peritoneal washings had negative effects on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Although a retrospective review has limitations, it would appear that adequate surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy confer no benefit in terms of survival in Stage I disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of Class II open bite in the mixed dentition with a removable functional appliance and headgear.

Early diagnosis of patients exhibiting open bites that are complicated by skeletal Class II and vertical growth problems can facilitate subsequent treatment. Eight patients with Class II skeletal open bite were treated with the high-pull activator appliance and compared to reasonably matched controls to determine the effects of the appliance. The high-pull activator was found to reduce forward growth of the maxilla and increase mandibular alveolar height, transforming the Class II molar relationship into a Class I molar relationship. The overjet and open bite were decreased, and, in addition, the appliance reduced the amount of forward and downward movement of the maxillary molars, providing vertical control of the maxilla during Class II orthopedic correction. These results demonstrated that open bite complicated by a Class II vertical growth pattern can be treated during the mixed dentition with favorable results by a combination of a removable functional appliance and high-pull headgear.

Activator Appliances↗