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Biomedical subjects

S Williams

Publications and source records attributed to S Williams.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of telephone advice in A&E: establishing the views of staff.

Fifty-eight staff in an inner city accident and emergency department were issued a questionnaire seeking their views on A&E-based telephone advice services and the training they would require to operate one with confidence. A 64 per cent response rate was achieved. The staff agreed that the service in the department needed to be developed, and forwarded a number of suggestions on how this could be achieved. They also highlighted the need for training in skills such as crisis intervention. Their views have helped to shape the development of a decision-support computer software package for the department, backed by a training programme.

Counseling↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infection control.

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Asepsis↗
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Natural cycles.

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Holistic Nursing↗
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Immunohistochemical staining patterns of benign breast biopsies by 323/A3 and Ca1 monoclonal antibodies related to epidemiological and radiological risk criteria.

Monoclonal antibodies 323/A3 and Ca1 have been suggested as markers of breast cancer risk in benign breast disease. We have studied the staining profiles in benign biopsies of 323/A3 and Ca1 in 146 patients. We then compared the staining patterns grouped according to whether the patients were at "high or low" risk of breast cancer by conventional epidemiological or radiological criteria. The results show that the staining profiles are similar between risk groups and that on the risk criteria used in this study 323/A3 and Ca1 will not distinguish patients at risk of developing breast cancer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary management of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with simvastatin.

The effect of diet on plasma lipids and lipoproteins was examined in 19 patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia treated with the HMGCoA reductase inhibitor, simvastatin. The study was a randomized double-blind cross-over trial of two diets: a low fat diet and a higher fat diet, and was performed to determine whether ongoing attention to diet is necessary for patients receiving this drug for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia. Plasma cholesterol concentration was 6.5 per cent lower on the low fat diet than on the high fat diet. The difference was within the range predicted by the Jacobs modification of the Keys formula from the reported intake on the two diets. The fall on the low fat diet was principally accounted for by a reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol, although high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 also fell. Patients taking HMGCoA reductase inhibitors for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia respond to changes in dietary fat intake. They are thus likely to achieve further reduction in their coronary heart disease risk, and should remain on a low saturated fat low cholesterol diet even when taking these powerful lipid lowering drugs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trend of blood group distribution among the Jirels of Nepal.

This study was undertaken to find out the trend of blood group distribution among the Jirels, a small tribe, descended from Kirat tribe and to compare with other castes within Nepal and with people of other continents. Blood group distribution (ABO grouping and Rh typing) was studied among 2093 Jirels (Male-1057 and Female-1036). The frequency of distribution of A, B, O and AB was 55.05%, 14.72%, 21.64% and 8.6% respectively. The group A was found to be most common among the Jirels where as O is most common in the world. Only 0.14%of the Jirels were was found to be Rhesus Negative (Rh -ve).

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating a continuing education program.

This study evaluated an innovative program designed to assist registered nurses to achieve professional competency in a role that was introduced in the career structure and was new to Western Australian nurses. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to determine formative and summative aspects of the program. The framework for data processing was Stake's Countenance Model. Data were collected from participants and preceptors over one year. A variety of instruments were used including interviews, questionnaires, document reviews and observations. Findings indicate that the program facilitated development of professional behaviours and that the participants found it worthwhile. The method of evaluation was able to demonstrate that the program outcomes were logically and empirically contingent upon transactions and antecedents and were congruent with the program's intentions.

Career Mobility↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pleural permeability to local anesthetics--the influence of concentration, pH, and local anesthetic combinations.

The transpleural passage of lidocaine, bupivacaine-lidocaine mixtures, and of bupivacaine, with and without epinephrine, was studied in vitro using pleural from piglets. Our objective was to ascertain whether changing physical parameters of local anesthetics such as pH, concentration, and addition of epinephrine might influence the transfer. Rate of transfer is linearly related to concentration at a given pH, but raising the pH increases the rate for bupivacaine. No change in rate was detectable when the pH of lidocaine was increased or in the rate of transfer of bupivacaine when bupivacaine and lidocaine were mixed. The mixture did however facilitate lidocaine flux. Epinephrine [1:200,000] lowers the pH of the solution dramatically but does not statistically change the transpleural passage of bupivacaine. We conclude that the onset of interpleural blockade may be shortened by using more concentrated solutions of bupivacaine whose pH have been modified by the addition of alkali, by using the higher concentrations of lidocaine or by mixing lidocaine with bupivacaine.

Anesthetics, Local↗